scholarly journals Associations between dietary fatty acid patterns and cognitive function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Nicole A Karazurna ◽  
Caitlin M Porter ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Tammy Scott ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Our objective was to quantify the cross-sectional associations between dietary fatty acid (DFA) patterns and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. This study included data from 8,942 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based cohort study (weighted age 56.2 y and proportion female 55.2%). The NCI (National Cancer Institute) method was used to estimate dietary intake from two 24-hr recalls. We derived DFA patterns using principal components analysis with 26 fatty acid and total plant and animal monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) input variables. Global cognitive function was calculated as the average z-score of 4 neurocognitive tests. Survey linear regression models included multiple potential confounders such as age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, physical activity, energy intake, and cardiovascular disease. DFA patterns were characterized by consumption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA), animal-based MUFA, and trans fatty acids (Factor 1); short to medium-chain SFA (Factor 2); very-long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Factor 3); very-long-chain SFA and plant-based MUFA and PUFA (Factor 4). Factor 2 was associated with greater scores for global cognitive function (β=0.037 ± 0.012) and the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) (β=0.56±0.17), Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning-Sum (B-SEVLT) (β=0.23 ± 0.11), and B-SEVLT-Recall (β=0.11 ± 0.05) tests (P<0.05 for all). Factors 1 (β=0.04 ± 0.01) and 4 (β=0.70 ± 0.18) were associated with the DSS test (P<0.05 for all). Consumption of short to medium-chain SFA may be associated with higher cognitive function among U.S.-residing Hispanic/Latino adults. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Associations Between Dietary Fat Quality and Cognitive Function Among Adults: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1424
Author(s):  
Nicole Karazurna ◽  
Caitlin Porter ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Tammy M Scott ◽  
Josiemer Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Hispanic Latinos ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Objectives Individual fatty acids (FA) within dietary fat classes [saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and trans FA (TFA)] may differentially affect risk of cognitive impairment. This has received little attention by most previous studies of diet and cognitive function, and few studies are available among Hispanic/Latinos. Our objective was to quantify associations of dietary FA (DFA) patterns with cognitive function among Hispanic/Latinos residing in the US. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a diverse cohort recruited from 2008–11 (n = 7842, mean age 55 y, 62% female). Dietary data are from two 24-hr recalls; the National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual nutrient intake. Total animal and plant MUFA variables and 26 FA were used to derive DFA patterns by principal components analysis. Global cognitive function was calculated as the average z-score from 3 cognitive tests [Word Fluency (WF), Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT) sum, and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS)]. Survey linear regression models, were adjusted for a number of confounders including, but not limited to education, depressive symptoms, ethnicity, study site, physical activity, and total energy. Results DFA patterns were characterized by greater consumption of long-chain SFA, animal MUFA, and TFA (Factor 1); short to medium-chain SFA (Factor 2); very-long-chain PUFA (Factor 3); very-long-chain SFA, plant MUFA and essential PUFA (Factor 4). Each 1-SD increase in only Factor 2 or 4 was associated with a 0.03 ± 0.01 SD or 0.02 ± 0.01 SD higher global cognitive function score, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Factor 2 was positiviely associated with DSS and B-SEVLT scores (P &lt; 0.05). Factors 1 and 4 were positively associated with DSS scores (P &lt; 0.05). Factor 3 was not significantly associated with any cognitive function measure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that intake of short to medium-chain SFA, and of plant based MUFA, SFA, and PUFA, may be associated with a small benefit on global cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. Null associations were observed with a very-long-chain PUFA pattern, which may be partly due to low fish consumption. Prospective studies conducted in similar and other populations are needed to confirm our results. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Fatty Acid Saturation and Chain Length on NASH in Juvenile Iberian Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 682-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Dillard ◽  
Morgan Coffin ◽  
Gabriella Hernandez ◽  
Victoria Smith ◽  
Catherine Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the major cause of pediatric chronic liver pathology in the United States. The objective of this study was to compare the relative effect of inclusion of isocaloric amounts of saturated medium-chain fatty acids (hydrogenated coconut oil), saturated long-chain fatty acids (lard) and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (olive oil) on endpoints of NAFLD and insulin resistance. Methods Thirty-eight 15-d-old Iberian pigs were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 1) control (CON; n = 8): 0 g fructose, 10.5 g fat, and 187 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), 2) lard (LAR; n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 17.1 g fat (100% lard) and 299 kcal ME, 3) hydrogenated coconut oil (COCO; n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 16.9 g fat (42.5% lard and 57.5% coconut oil) and 299 kcal ME, and 4) olive oil (OLV, n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 17.1 g fat (43.5% lard and 56.5% olive oil) and 299 kcal ME, for 9 consecutive weeks. Body weight was recorded every 3 d. Serum markers of liver injury and dyslipidemia were measured on d 60 at 2 h post feeding, with all other serum measures assessed on d 70. Liver tissue was collected on d 70 for histology, triacylglyceride (TG) quantification, and metabolomics analysis. Results Tissue histology indicated the presence of steatosis in LAR, COCO and OLV compared with CON (P ≤ 0.001), with a further increase in in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in OLV and COCO compared with LAR (P ≤ 0.01). Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were higher in COCO and OLV (P ≤ 0.01) than CON. All treatment groups had lower liver concentrations of methyl donor's choline and betaine versus CON, while bile acids were differentially changed (P ≤ 0.05). COCO had higher levels of TGs with less carbons (Total carbons &lt; 52) than all other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Several long-chain acylcarnitines involved in fat oxidation were higher in OLV versus all other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Inclusion of fats enriched in medium-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in a high-fructose high-fat diet increased liver injury, compared with fats with a long-chain saturated fatty acid profile. Further research is required to investigate the mechanisms causing this difference in physiological response to these dietary fat sources. Funding Sources ARI, AcornSeekers.

Caprenin 1. Digestion, Absorption, and Rearrangement in Thoracic Duct-Cannulated Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Webb ◽  
R. A. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Caprenin (CAP) is a triglyceride that primarily contains caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), and behenic (C22:0) acids. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and rearranged like other dietary fats and oils that contain these medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids. In vitro results showed that neat CAP, coconut oil (CO) and peanut oil (PO) were hydrolyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase. All of the neat triglycerides also were digested in vivo by both male and female rats. This was shown by the recovery of significantly more extractable lymphatic fat than with fat-free control animals and by the recovery of orally administered triglyceride-derived fatty acids in lymph triglycerides. However, substantially more PO (74%) and CO (51%) were recovered in lymph relative to CAP (10%). These quantitative differences are consistent with the fatty acid composition of each triglyceride and primary routes of fatty acid uptake. The 24-h lymphatic recovery of CAP-derived C8:0, C10:0, and C22:0 averaged 3.9%, 17.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, for male and female rats. The C8:0 and C10:0 results approximated those obtained with CO (2.0% and 16.3%, respectively). In contrast, the 24-h absorbability of C22:0 in CAP was significantly less than that seen in PO (55.4%). Finally, there was no evidence of significant rearrangement of the positions of fatty acids on glycerol during digestion and absorption. Those fatty acids recovered in lymphatic fat tended to occupy the same glyceride positions that they did in the neat administered oils. However, the lymph fats recovered from all animals dosed with fat emulsions were enriched with endogenous lymph fatty acids. It is concluded that CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and processed like any dietary fat or oil that contains medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids.

Gastric Lipolysis and Fat Absorption in Preterm Infants: Effect of Medium-Chain Triglyceride or Long-Chain Triglyceride-Containing Formulas

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Hamosh ◽  
Joel Bitman ◽  
Teresa H. Liao ◽  
N. R. Mehta ◽  
R. J. Buczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Long Chain Triglyceride

The extent of gastric lipolysis, fat absorption, and infant weight gain was studied in 12 preterm infants (gestational age 28.75 ± 0.50 weeks, postnatal age 6.08 ± 0.81 weeks) fed medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula for 1 week in a crossover design. The former formula contained 42% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 19% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0; the latter formula contained only 7% of 8:0 and 10:0 and 46% of 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0. Gastric aspirates were obtained on the second and third day of formula feeding for quantitation of lipase activity and of the extent of gastric lipolysis. Fat balance studies were conducted during the last three days of each feeding regimen. The study showed that (1) there was marked hydrolysis of formula fat in the stomach during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride formula or long-chain triglyceride formula (20% and 16%, respectively); (2) lipase activity in the gastric aspirates was less during feeding of medium-chain triglyceride formula than before the meal, which suggested stimulation of lipase secretion by long-chain fatty acid released from long-chain triglyceride formula fat or more rapid binding of lipase to ingested lipid in the medium-chain triglyceride formula; (3) fatty acid distribution in glycerides and free fatty acids showed preferential release of medium-chain (8:0, 10:0) and long-chain unsaturated (18:1, 18:2) fatty acids in the stomach. The low content of 8:0 and 10:0 in gastric triglyceride and free fatty acids suggested that medium-chain fatty acids were absorbed directly in the stomach. (4) fat balance studies showed almost identical absorption rates (84.6% ± 3.1% and 82.8% ± 4.0%) and weight gain (23.0 ± 1.5 g/d and 20.8 ± 1.8 g/d) during feeding of either medium-chain triglyceride or long-chain triglyceride formula. In this study, in which each infant was fed either formula alternately, it was shown that although the extent of fat digestion varied among infants, medium-chain and long-chain triglyceride were absorbed to the same extent by most infants.

Circulating Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M Fretts ◽  
Paul N Jensen ◽  
Andrew N Hoofnagle ◽  
Barbara McKnight ◽  
Colleen M Sitlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that associations of ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) with health outcomes differ according to the fatty acid acylated to the sphingoid backbone. The purpose of this study was to assess associations of Cer and SM species with mortality. Methods The study population included participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a community-based cohort of adults aged ≥65 years who were followed from 1992–2015 (n = 4612). Associations of plasma Cer and SM species carrying long-chain (i.e., 16:0) and very-long-chain (i.e., 20:0, 22:0, 24:0) saturated fatty acids with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results During a median follow-up of 10.2 years, 4099 deaths occurred. High concentrations of Cer and SM carrying fatty acid 16:0 were each associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conversely, high concentrations of several ceramide and sphingomyelin species carrying longer fatty acids were each associated with a decreased risk of mortality. The hazard ratios for total mortality per 2-fold difference in each Cer and SM species were: 1.89 (95% CI), 1.65–2.17 for Cer-16, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70–0.88) for Cer-22, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65–0.84) for Cer-24, 2.51 (95% CI, 2.01–3.14) for SM-16, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58–0.79) for SM-20, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49–0.67) for SM-22, and 0.66 (0.57–0.75) for SM-24. We found no association of Cer-20 with risk of death. Conclusions Associations of Cer and SM with the risk of death differ according to the length of their acylated saturated fatty acid. Future studies are needed to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects: Secondary Alterations of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis Caused by the Accumulating Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral ◽  
Moacir Wajner
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Energy Deprivation ◽  
Long Chain

Deficiencies of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial trifunctional protein, isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities are considered the most frequent fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD). They are biochemically characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain, long-chain hydroxyl, and long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, respectively, in tissues and biological fluids of the affected patients. Clinical manifestations commonly include hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy, and recurrent rhabdomyolysis. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still poorly understood, energy deprivation secondary to blockage of fatty acid degradation seems to play an important role. However, recent evidence indicates that the predominant fatty acids accumulating in these disorders disrupt mitochondrial functions and are involved in their pathophysiology, possibly explaining the lactic acidosis, mitochondrial morphological alterations, and altered mitochondrial biochemical parameters found in tissues and cultured fibroblasts from some affected patients and also in animal models of these diseases. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on disturbances of mitochondrial bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial permeability transition induction provoked by the major fatty acids accumulating in prevalent FAOD. It is emphasized that further in vivo studies carried out in tissues from affected patients and from animal genetic models of these disorders are necessary to confirm the present evidence mostly achieved from in vitro experiments.

scholarly journals Ankle brachial index and cognitive function among Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

2018 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Michael H. Criqui ◽  
Matthew A. Allison ◽  
Clinton B. Wright ◽  
Myriam Fornage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hispanic Community

scholarly journals Regional Brain Volumes As Mediators of the Association Between Circulating Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cognitive Function: The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
Sherman Bigornia ◽  
Guan Yi ◽  
Bang-Bon Kim ◽  
Xiyuan Zhang ◽  
Tammy Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Regional Brain

Abstract Objectives To assess the mediating role of regional brain volume in the relationship between circulating very-long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and global cognitive function. Methods Data are from individuals of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study with a T1-weighted MRI brain scan available approximately 8 y from the baseline visit (n = 200, mean age at baseline = 54.7 y, 77.5% female). Red blood cell fatty acid composition was measured at baseline and very-long-chain omega-3 fatty acid was defined as the sum of EPA and DHA. A battery of 7 cognitive tests was administered at baseline and 8-y follow-up in the language of preference. Global cognitive function was the average z-score of the cognitive tests. Whole MRI brain volumetric measures (of cortical and subcortical grey matter) were quantified using the FreeSurfer processing pipeline. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediating effect of regional brain volumetric measures on the association between omega-3 fatty acid concentration and global cognitive function. Bivariate associations were assessed by age- and sex-adjusted partial Spearman's rho correlation coefficient with FDR correction. Results The association between baseline omega-3 fatty acid concentration and 8-y global cognitive function was mediated by several cortical regions including the left caudal middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobes, and right isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Significant mediators in the subcortex included the putamen, amygdala, left ventral dorsal tract, and right thalamus. Omega-3 fatty acid concentration was positively correlated with global cognitive function (rs = 0.17, P &lt; 0.05) and with brain regions identified as significant mediators (rs = 0.17 to 0.21, P &lt; 0.05 for all). Greater volume of the brain region mediators was associated with higher global cognitive function score (rs = 0.17 to 0.24, P &lt; 0.05 for all). Conclusions These results suggest that, among older Puerto Rican adults, greater circulating omega-3 fatty acids may be related to better cognitive function and that this relationship may be explained by maintenance of specific cortical and subcortical brain regions. Funding Sources NIA R01AG055948.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document