scholarly journals Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Semba ◽  
A. M. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Altered Metabolism ◽  
Low Levels

Micronutrient deficiencies may be common during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Insufficient dietary intake, malabsorption, diarrhoea, and impaired storage and altered metabolism of micronutrients can contribute to the development of micronutrient deficiencies. Low plasma or serum levels of vitamins A, E, B6, B12 and C, carotenoids, Se, and Zn are common in many HIV-infected populations. Micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection through increased oxidative stress and compromised immunity. Low levels or intakes of micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, B6 and B12, Zn and Se have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes during HIV infection, and new studies are emerging which suggest that micronutrient supplementation may help reduce morbidity and mortality during HIV infection.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yoshino ◽  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen ◽  
Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil ◽  
Homa Darmani
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Chronic Immune Activation ◽  
Immune Suppressor Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Suppressor

There are several mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can mediate immune dysfunction and exhaustion during the course of infection. Chronic immune activation, after HIV infection, seems to be a key driving force of such unwanted consequences, which in turn worsens the pathological status. In such cases, the immune system is programmed to initiate responses that counteract unwanted immune activation, for example through the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although the expansion of immune suppressor cells in the setting of systemic chronic immune activation, in theory, is expected to contain immune activation, HIV infection is still associated with a remarkably high level of biomarkers of immune activation. Paradoxically, the expansion of immune suppressor cells during HIV infection can suppress potent anti-viral immune responses, which in turn contribute to viral persistence and disease progression. This indicates that HIV hijacks not only immune activation but also the immune regulatory responses to its advantage. In this work, we aim to pave the way to comprehend how such unwanted expansion of MDSCs could participate in the pathology of acute/primary and chronic HIV infection in humans, as well as simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques, according to the available literature.

scholarly journals Serum levels of stem cell factor are increased in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and are associated with prolonged survival

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Manegold ◽  
H Jablonowski ◽  
C Armbrecht ◽  
G Strohmeyer ◽  
T Pietsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Cytopenia is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and can affect different hematopoietic lineages, including erythropoiesis, lymphopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and granulopoiesis. Stem cell factor (SCF), a cytokine expressed by bone marrow stromal cells, is a multipotential growth factor acting on early progenitor cells of most hematopoietic lineages. Therefore, we investigated the serum SCF levels in 74 HIV-infected persons without active secondary infection at different stages of HIV infection [Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stages A through C]. Circulating SCF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were found to be significantly elevated in CDC stage A as compared with normal controls (7.18 +/- 1.94 ng/mL v 3.95 +/- 0.91 ng/mL, P = .04). However, in CDC groups B and C, SCF levels were lower than in CDC group A (3.29 +/- 0.75, P = .162, and 1.95 +/- 0.39, P = .005, respectively). Serum levels greater than 1.8 ng/mL were associated with a longer survival (P = .0037) in 74 HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients monitored for up to 114 weeks, suggesting that this cytokine may be directly associated with the disease course. A Cox proportional hazards model showed SCF to be an independent prognostic factor for survival (risk ratio for death, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.95; P = .019). Serum SCF levels decreased on follow up in 24 of 38 patients or remained below 0.4 ng/mL in 10 of 38 patients from whom a second blood sample was collected after a mean interval of 44 weeks. To determine potential regulatory factors of SCF expression by stromal cells, we exposed cultured fibroblasts to various cytokines. Only interleukin-4 (IL-4) upregulated SCF mRNA. As IL-4 is modulated during early HIV disease, it may be a key regulator of SCF secretion. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of SCF action and regulation in patients with HIV infection.

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in a Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Rare Association

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Gupta ◽  
Dharmagat Bhattarai ◽  
Bishnu Kumar Thapa ◽  
Mayur Parkhi ◽  
Pandiarajan Vignesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Rare Association ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are reported to have various malignancies, most common being Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite higher risk of malignancies, brain tumors are infrequently described in these children. We report Primitive Neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in a young boy with HIV infection. PNET has never been described in association with HIV infection. Though a causative association cannot be established, it does emphasize that with longer survivals on effective antiretroviral therapy, we may see a wide range of malignancies more frequently.

Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Prenatal Population at High Risk for HIV Infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
MICHAEL K. LINDSAY ◽  
HERBERT B. PETERSON ◽  
DAVID C. MUNDY ◽  
BARBARA A. SLADE ◽  
TERRY FENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Educating podiatric medical assistants about AIDS and HIV infection

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Assistants ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Infection Control Guidelines

In order to assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome education among podiatric assistants, comprehensive questionnaires on human immunodeficiency virus infection were distributed in February and March 1989. The findings presented here are based upon questionnaires completed and returned by 300 assistants. The purpose of the needs assessment was three-fold: to find out how much the surveyed assistants know about AIDS and HIV infection, how they feel about working with HIV-infected patients, and to what extent they understand and follow recommended infection control practices. The results of the survey reveal that many of the assistants in the sample in this study are ill-informed about HIV infection, that they have numerous concerns and fears about working with HIV-infected patients, and that they are not following recommended infection control guidelines.

Cutaneous manifestations of HIV-1 infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Memar ◽  
R Cirelli ◽  
P Lee ◽  
SK Tyring
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a chronic disarmament of the immune system. The process is progressive, having different manifestations as the status of the immune system slowly deteriorates. Some of the most common manifestations of HIV infection are cutaneous in origin, and they can have infectious, neoplastic, or noninfectious or non-neoplastic etiologies. A brief history of HIV is given, and the most common cutaneous presentations of the virus infection of interest to podiatrists are outlined.

scholarly journals Disseminated nocardiosis with psoas abscess in a patient with AIDS: first reported case

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Corti ◽  
Rubén Solari ◽  
Luis De Carolis ◽  
Diana Cangelos ◽  
Mario Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Psoas Abscess ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Disseminated Nocardiosis

Psoas muscle abscess is an uncommon infection that have been diagnosed increasingly in the last years. We present a case of a patient with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection who developed a disseminated infection due to Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto type VI with psoas abscess. To our knowledge no other cases of Nocardia psoas abscess in the setting of HIV infection have been reported in the literature.

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