Personality, Ideology and World View: A Comparison of Media and Business Elites

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Rothman ◽  
S. Robert Lichter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Business Executives ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

For some time we have been engaged in a large scale study of various leadership strata in the United States. Our goal is to clarify similarities and differences in background, ideology and personality among members of such strata. We are also interested in the relationship between these variables and the manner in which members of different leadership groups perceive ‘reality’. This article reports preliminary findings on two groups – leading business executives and top level journalists. Our work has been partly informed by hypotheses developed by social scientists as diverse as Max Weber, Harold Lasswell, Joseph Schumpeter, S. M. Lipset, Alvin Gouldner, Jurgen Habermas, Irving Kristol, Daniel Bell and others.

Ideological parlances on right-wing media in Britain and Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Tuomola
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

One of the main themes of alternative right-wing media is a strong anti-immigrant approach, which has allegedly intensified a radical and polarized world-view throughout Europe and the United States. In this article, by comparing two right-wing news sites, I examine whether commonalities in their reporting can be discerned at a transnational level. The focus is on the US-based Breitbart London and the Finnish-language MV-lehti, both founded in 2014. The comparative study approaches the research data by utilizing the method of discourse narratology to examine the similarities and differences between the two in terms of their ideological parlances. The results show that there are indisputable commonalities, with parlances that seek to undermine liberal democracy as an outspoken opponent to strengthen the homogeneous battlefront. Accordingly, right-wing news sites in Europe adhere to the shared ideology, leaning on a strong confrontation between western and Islamic countries.

Study on the Process of Western Identity Formation: Focusing on the International Expositions and Museums in the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Yoon Ok Park
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
World View ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Expositions

This paper is to explore how the western identity has been established from the perspective of world expositions and museums in Europe, although the issue of identity is so broad that it is difficult to discuss in any one field. In the western world, large-scale international expositions competitively opened in major cities, mainly in Europe and the United States as the nineteenth century is called as the golden age of international expositions. Primarily in England and France, these two countries sought to achieve their goals of promoting trade, developing new technologies, educating the middle class and manifesting their political stance through the medium of exhibitions during the Industrial Revolution. With this effect, not only have museums been established but they have emerged as a result of the expositions in a number of cities in Europe and the United States. Through international expositions and the museum establishment, the nineteenth century presented the power of each country, imperialism and the enlightenment of the public. The comparison and competition between hosting countries as well as the major participating nations became a tool to represent their national identity and show their pride that they were civilized and superior to colonists. Flourished in this era, imperialism and colonialism have contributed to the accumulation of collections of western museums along with the exposition, thereby resulting in the foundation of Western studies such as anthropology, archaeology and natural sciences. These studies were classified and interpreted from the western perspective. In accordance, these disciplines spread throughout the world with colonialism in the Western world view and Eurocentric mindset. Competitive exposure to the country’s industrial development through international expositions and the accumulation of collections in museums of permanent institutions served as an important vehicle of demonstrating who they were.

Everything Old is New Again? Processes and Theories of Immigrant Incorporation

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Dewind ◽  
Philip Kasinitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
International Migration Review ◽  
The Past

After three decades of renewed, large-scale immigration to the United States, social scientists are increasingly turning their attention to processes of immigrant incorporation and reexamining the perspectives of social scientists who studied similar processes in the past. This essay reviews the insights and questions raised by the foregoing articles in this special issue of the International Migration Review and assesses their theoretical contributions to understanding relations between immigrants and native-born Americans in contemporary processes of incorporation.

Acceptability of Favor Requests in the United States and Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Niiya ◽  
Phoebe C. Ellsworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Close Friendship ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Request Size

In previous research, the authors showed that Japanese and Americans would rather be asked to perform a favor than to have their friend solve the problem by asking someone else or getting it done professionally. In the current research, the authors further explore the similarities and differences in Japanese and American reactions to requests for favors by examining whether (a) increasing the size of the request can increase positive feelings, (b) the perceived closeness of the relationship and appraisals of control mediate the effect of request size on feelings, and (c) the increase in positive feelings only occurs in close friendship. In Japan and to some extent the United States, being asked a larger favor made people happier than being asked a smaller favor—up to a point. However, as in the authors’ previous study, cultural differences emerged in the basic pattern and in the associated appraisals. Results are discussed in relation to the Japanese phenomenon of Amae.

How disunity matters to the history of cybernetics in the human sciences in the United States, 1940–80

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-35
Author(s):  
Ronald Kline
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Talcott Parsons ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Cybernetic Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rather than assume a unitary cybernetics, I ask how its disunity mattered to the history of the human sciences in the United States from about 1940 to 1980. I compare the work of four prominent social scientists – Herbert Simon, George Miller, Karl Deutsch, and Talcott Parsons – who created cybernetic models in psychology, economics, political science, and sociology with the work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson, and relate their interpretations of cybernetics to those of such well-known cyberneticians as Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, W. Ross Ashby, and Heinz von Foerster. I argue that viewing cybernetics through the lens of disunity – asking what was at stake in choosing a specific cybernetic model – shows the complexity of the relationship between first-order cybernetics and the postwar human sciences, and helps us rethink the history of second-order cybernetics.

scholarly journals Differential Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdowns on PM2.5 across the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Chen ◽  
Lucas R.F. Henneman ◽  
Rachel C. Nethery
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Confounding Adjustment ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has induced large-scale social, economic, and behavioral changes, presenting a unique opportunity to study how air pollution is affected by unprecedented societal shifts. At each of 455 PM2.5 monitoring sites across the United States, we conduct a causal inference analysis to determine the impacts of COVID-19 interventions and behavioral changes (“lockdowns”) on PM2.5 concentrations. Our approach allows for rigorous confounding adjustment and provides highly spatio-temporally resolved effect estimates. We find that, with the exception of the Southwest, most of the US experienced increases in PM2.5 during lockdown, compared to the concentrations expected under business-as-usual. To investigate possible drivers of this phenomenon, we use regression to characterize the relationship of many environmental, geographical, meteorological, mobility, and socioeconomic factors with the lockdown-attributable changes in PM2.5. Our findings have immense environmental policy relevance, suggesting that large-scale mobility and economic activity reductions may be insufficient to substantially and uniformly reduce PM2.5.

Public Opinion and Religion: Environmental Attitudes in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Pudlo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
International Context ◽  
Religious Networks ◽  
The Relationship

The study of the relationship between religion and attitudes on the environment is a growing area of academic inquiry and combines research from political scientists, sociologists, and religious historians. Researchers in this area seek to better understand how religion influences attitudes on the environment or environmental policy and if religion motivates environmental action or behaviors. Key to this area of study is defining what religion is and deciding how to measure environmental attitudes. Is religion identified through religious affiliation, religious beliefs, religious networks and communication, or other criteria? Relatedly, are environmental attitudes understood as support for particular environmental policies, willingness to sacrifice to protect nature, or personal environmental behaviors such as recycling? Social scientists have attempted to answer these questions through an overview of key works in the study of religion and the environment in the United States. For additional perspective, these works are placed into their religious and international context to show where, if at all, religiously motivated environmental attitudes in the United States differ from those around the world.

Family values and public policy: a venture in prediction and prescription

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin L. Schorr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Values ◽  
American Family ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structure And Activity

Ideology and public policy are so intimately related that they may only with difficulty be seen separately. This essay attempts to view one kind of ideology, American family values, and predict the manner in which they will affect public policy and be altered by public policy. Whatever its intrinsic hazards, prediction for the last quarter of the century affords relative safety for a few years anyway. The term ‘family values’ is used broadly here to encompass objectives that are professed for families in the United States as well as patterns of family structure and activity to which, by practising them, we show attachment. I begin with a brief review and commentary upon the relationship between family values and public policy to date, concluded with some comments on the role that social scientists and reformers might play. Discussion of the future follows, with one further prescription.

scholarly journals Who Attains Status? Similarities and Differences Across Social Contexts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Lawless DesJardins ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava ◽  
Albrecht Kuefner ◽  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Informal Groups

Informal groups form hierarchies and allocate social status in order to coordinate action and make collective decisions. Although researchers have identified characteristics of people who tend to get status, the extent to which these characteristics are context-dependent is unclear. In two studies, participants from the United States (N = 157) and Germany (N = 95) engaged in affiliative or competitive group interactions. We investigated whether the nature of the group’s task moderated the relationship between status attainment and personality. As in previous research, we found that extraversion predicted status in both competitive and affiliative contexts. In contrast, agreeableness was only associated with status in affiliative contexts. These findings underscore the importance of examining the relationship between personality and social status in context.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document