Inspiring Dissent: Yugoslavia and the Italian Communist Party during 1956

This paper analyzes the relations between the communist parties of Yugoslavia and Italy during 1956, one of the most important years of the history of communism. The dissenting nature of those relations, which were based on the mutual wish to limit the Soviet hegemony within the global communist movement, is in the focus of this analysis. Finally, this paper aims to demonstrate how the roots of the close friendship between the two parties during the sixties and seventies can be traced back to 1956, and how the Yugoslav communists influenced or tried to influence their Italian counterparts.

Ketel and De Keyser

In 1858 the Rijksmuseum acquired a modest portrait of a man (inv. no. SK-A-244) that has since then been attributed on good grounds to the colourful Amsterdam painter Cornelis Ketel (1548-1616). Until now it has been regarded as a likeness of the goldsmith Paulus van Vianen, an identification for which there is no plausible evidence.The author suggests that the man should be identified as the Amsterdam city sculptor Hendrick de Keyser. Arguments in favour of this, aside from the convincing similarities between the man’s features and a portrait engraving of De Keyser, are the close friendship between Ketel and the sculptor, and the typical sculptor’s attribute – a statuette – that the man holds in his hand. This figurine – probably a model in reddish-brown wax – bears a strong resemblance to a statue of Eurydice that Hendrick de Keyser made for a fountain in Het Oude Doolhof, a pleasure ground in Amsterdam.According to Karel van Mander, in the biography of Ketel in his 1604 Schilder-Boeck, Ketel made De Keyser’s portrait twice. He painted one portrait with his fingers, the other with a brush, which was described as ‘the head of the must artistic sculptor Hendrick de Keyser ... a very good likeness’. It is safe to assume that the latter work is the portrait in the Rijksmuseum.

Dreaming of Death and the Dead in the Stuart Political World Imaginary

William Laud played a critical role in the politics and religion in the reign of James I and especially that of his son, Charles I. There was great antagonism toward him by Puritans, and Laud’s close friendship with George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, made Laud even more controversial, as did his fight with the king’s jester, Archy Armstrong. Dreams were seen as having great significance at time of Laud, and Laud recorded his dreams in his journal. Dreams also played a role in the early Stuart political world. This essay examines how Laud’s enemies used his own dreams against him in the work of William Prynne, once Laud was arrested during the English Civil war. It also looks at how Laud was compared to also despised Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey in a number of political pamphlets that used dreams, such as Archy’s Dream and Canterburie’s Dream. Laud also appeared as a character in a dream of Charles I’s attendant Thomas Herbert the night before the king’s execution, where Laud came to comfort Charles.

‘Inscribed Upon Their Hearts’: Copying and the Dissemination of Devotion

The close friendship shared by Vittoria Colonna and Michelangelo inspired the production of intimate gifts in the form of sonnets and presentation drawings. These works exercised a considerable fascination over their contemporaries, who sought to obtain copies of the poems and drawings in a variety of different media. Both individually crafted and mass produced, these copies possessed multiple valences for different audiences, revealing the ways in which the relationship between original and copy, function and medium, collecting and devotion intersected in the Cinquecento. This chapter explores the ways in which sonnets and drawings were appropriated by broader audiences, focusing especially on the translation of Michelangelo’s Pietà drawing into bronze paxes created for popular, liturgical use.

Catholic marriages and family politics: the Vaux children vs. Sir Thomas Tresham

The recusant brothers-in-law William, third Baron Vaux of Harrowden (1535-95) and Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605), are best-known as exemplars of stalwart Catholicism and for their claims of fidelity to queen and country. They rose to prominence for their connection to the Jesuit proto-martyr Edmund Campion in 1581, and Vaux’s daughters Anne and Eleanor are celebrated — or notorious — for their support of the Jesuit Henry Garnet and suspected complicity in the Gunpowder Plot. Tresham’s sister Mary married Vaux, and the two men enjoyed a close friendship. Vaux leant heavily on Tresham for counsel, and the families have thus been absorbed into arguments for a closed Catholic community who drew closer together amid persecution. Yet these families were also divided, not by religio-political matters of great weight, but by more earthly causes of family unhappiness: youthful disobedience, scandalous marriage, and money. Through a close analysis of three linked episodes of family strife, this article looks beyond the singular fact of their confessional identity to argue that, like their Protestant counterparts, Catholics were not immune to acrimony. Disruptions to family unity could heap further tribulation on Catholics, and shared confessional identity might not be sufficient to repair bonds once severed.

Сэр Бернард Пэрс и Школа славянских исследований в Лондоне

This article covers the diverse activities of the renowned British historian Sir Bernard Pares on the development of Russian and Slavic studies in the first half of the 20th century. He was the author of several books and a fair number of articles on Russia, edited the journals The Russian Review and The Slavonic Review. Pares also founded the first School of Russian Studies at the University of Liverpool (1907) and served for twenty years as Director of the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at the University of London (1919-1939). Due to his interest in Russian politics, history and culture, frequent and lengthy visits to Russia from 1906 to 1919 and close friendship with many Russian liberals, his appointment as an official observer to the Russian army in 1915 and as a British representative to Kolchak’s army during the Civil War, Pares became one of the most authoritative British experts on Russia and rightfully assumed the position of Director of the School of Slavonic Studies. This article pays close attention to various financial and administrative problems that Pares had to cope with as the Director of the School. The author concludes that Bernard Pares’ role as a promoter of all things Russian, a translator of Russian poetry and prose, a researcher into Russian history and an organiser of Russian and Slavonic studies in Britain was indispensable.

Mediating Close Friendship Intimacy in Times of (Social) Distance

This article presents mediated intimacy in friendships as a necessary but difficult course of action to bridge physical absence between close friends. Following migration research to picture the mediation of intimacy of transnational family members, differences regarding the communicative behaviour, and specifically, the obligation to communicate contrasts distant friendships with translocal family interactions. Drawing on a German study on friendship communication, this paper asks the question how to derivate measures for profound friendship exchange in social distance, with regard to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Findings reveal communication media are definitely useful to keep up existing friendships but they also prevent meaningful friendship interaction. Accordingly, this paper contributes to the discussion of mediated communication and the production of mediated intimacy in friendships and highlights potential prospects to enhance physically distanced friendships.

Ethnocultural Empathy and Racial Colorblindness Among White Police Recruits: Do Cross-Racial Friendships Matter?

We investigated how ethnocultural empathy and colorblind racial beliefs were associated through the racial composition of close friendship groups in police recruits. In a sample of White police recruits in a midwestern training academy ( N = 192), mediation analyses revealed a significant association between ethnocultural empathy and colorblind racial beliefs through Black friendships. Specifically, findings from path analyses indicated an indirect effect between earlier empathy for Black, Indigenous, People of Color and later reduced denial of institutional racism. Although both ethnocultural empathy and racial beliefs were associated with Asian American and Latinx friends, these close cross-racial friendships were not significant mediators. Limitations, directions for future research, and implications for training and intervention in police samples are discussed.

Private Collections as the Core of Picasso Art Museums: The Problem of Selection and Exposition, Intentions and Reality

The article reviews the history of several Picasso public museums, which have been based around private art collections. It examines the personal motivations and social conditions that accompanied the conception and realization of the projects. The records of Museu Picasso in Barcelona contain evidence highlighting Picasso’s lasting close friendship with Jaume Sabartés, who donated his private collection to the museum. These documents reveal the dramatic context surrounding Picasso’s citizenship, his persona non grata status, as well as the latent Catalan opposition to state authority. In addition, the article utilizes the case of Picasso museums to highlight and discuss a series of problematic issues related to adapting the modernist artworks, which have been installed within historic buildings and cultural heritage sites.

Synergy Polemiс

The article is based on a speech at the second Bezhetsk readings in memory of V. Bibikhin. This time they were also dedicated to the memory of V. Bibibikhin's friend, Sergey Khoruzhiy, who left in September 2020. They were tied by close friendship and heated polemics. The topic of controversy was, in particular, the Palamite dogma. In this article, I try to identify the source of this controversy within the philosophical problem itself. It is rooted in the Parmenidean definition of the identity of thinking and being and in the Aristotelian concept of energy. It is with Aristotle that the leading theme of V. Bibikhin's philosophizing, the theme of “energy of rest”, is connected. In this “peace”, however, lurk the ontological aporias, clarified by Plato in “Sophist” and “Parmenides”. The solution of these aporias in Neoplatonism leads to the transformation of the meaning of ontological identity. S. Khoruzhiy considers the ascetic practice of the Byzantine hesychasts and spiritual practices in general as the basis of his synergic anthropology. Phenomenological analysis of ascetic experience unfolds the configuration of the “energies of ontological opening” of a person. On this basis, an anthropology of possible constitutions of a person is built in its interconnection with being.