Putting Scandinavian Equality to the Test: An Experimental Evaluation of Gender Stereotyping of Political Candidates in a Sample of Norwegian Voters

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Matland
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Relevant Consideration

The issue of the equitable representation of women in political bodies has concerned both political activists and political scientists for a number of years. Greater representation of women is predicted to have a number of effects on public policy and social interactions. Among these effects are changes in policy priorities, improved system legitimacy and a change in the political culture as old stereotypes disappear and women come to be viewed as the equals of men in the political sphere. The view has been that if women were to get into office, they could prove themselves effective. Therefore societal views on women as political leaders would change, and old stereotypes as to their limited competence would break down. The hope of many is that as women politicians become commonplace, a country's political culture would change so that gender is no longer a relevant consideration in evaluating political leaders. This Note directly tests the assertion that increased participation by women leads to this genderneutral view of political leaders.

Retour sur les arguments fondant la demande d'une représentation accrue des femmes en politique

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Catherine Degauquier
Keyword(s):  
Women Politicians ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Political Realm

Given the under-representation of women in the elected assemblies, women politicians argue in favor of a higher representation of their gender in the political realm. Their claim is based on different kinds of arguments. We present and discuss the four following arguments: proportional representation and parity, interest representation, ressource utilisation and the argument of a different women 's voice.

scholarly journals Quem cuida das crianças? A representação das mulheres do alto escalão político pelos media

Compolítica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Holtz-Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Public Image ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Media

Abstract: The essay reflects on the media representation commonly associates with women politicians. Starting with a critique of media coverage about some political leaders in several countries, such as Angela Merkel, Michelle Bachelet, Ségolène Royal, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and Hillary Clinton, the paper discusses the phenomenon of the double bind to which women are subjected in politics: if a woman presents herself as being cool, calculating and aggressive as it is expected in the political business she risks to be rejected as a virago. If she recommends herself with allegedly female traits, she will be regarded as not being viable for the serious challenges of the political business. There is no easy formula for how women should represent themselves. Since there are only few opportunities for direct contact between politicians and the electorate, it is necessary to deal with public image reported by media.Key-words: Political Communication; Election ; Gender; Representation.Resumo: O ensaio reflete sobre as representações mediáticas comumente associadas às mulheres na política. A partir da crítica à cobertura midiática sobre algumas líderes políticas em diversos países, a exemplo de Angela Merkel, Michelle Bachelet, Ségolène Royal, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner e Hillary Clinton, o trabalho discute o fenômeno do duplo vínculo ao qual as mulheres estão submetidas na política: elas estão em situação desfavorável na competição política quando assumem uma postura fria, calculada ou agressiva e lidam com hard issues, mas também quando se dedicam a questões tradicionalmente vistas como femininas, soft issues, que as caracterizam como inviáveis para a administração pública. Não há formula a ser reproduzida, e, uma vez que há poucas oportunidades para um contato direto entre políticos e eleitores, há que se lidar com a construção da imagem pública produzida pelos media.Palavras-chave: Comunicação Política; Eleições; Gênero; Representação.

scholarly journals On the formation of a culture of public policy: the role of civic education

nauka.me ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Iuliia Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Main Element ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

This article examines possible ways and means of forming a culture of public policy among citizens of a democratic state. The factors that have a direct impact on the formation and consolidation of political attitudes and political orientations in the consciousness of the individual were identified. The article provides a list of civic competencies that underlie the political culture of the population, a high level of which is necessary for the successful and sustainable functioning of a modern democratic political system. It is established that civic education is the main element of the education system, responsible for the formation of political attitudes and political orientations (corresponding to the environment), and hence the political culture of citizens.

A Theory of Political Socialization: Institutional Support and Deradicalization in Britain

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Searing
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political System ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rules Of The Game

When streams of research are isolated from one another by methodological style and ideological character, the fact that they share similar explanatory principles is easily overlooked. Thus, since the 1950s many quantitative and ‘pluralistic’ American studies have argued that political leaders are more likely than the public to support procedural rules of the game. And since at least the 1930s, many qualitative and ‘left-wing’ European commentaries have argued that, in matters of socio-economic policy, members of parliaments become more moderate than their parties' activists. These important claims are embedded in two partial theories which have previously been treated as unrelated, the theories of institutional support and of deradicalization. And yet, different as these theories may be in many respects, they are driven by similar socialization principles which accompany movement from one role in the political system to another. Such socialization principles are a conservative force inculcating both institutional support in procedural rules of the game and deradicalization in orientations towards public policy.

scholarly journals Factors of political culture in the structure of political environment of public policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
O. V. Deliia
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Institutional Economic

The macro-objective level of studying the political environment of state policy actualizes the comprehension of the political system in the structure of the external environment through the description of the category «political culture». In general, scientific understanding of the phenomenon of political culture has become a derivative of various research traditions. At the present stage, it is possible to identify several more or less formalized conceptual positions on this matter: subjective objective approaches, cultural and political doctrines.The essence of political culture unites the behavioral, activity aspects of subjects in the sphere of politics and the way the political system operates. Also, the notion of political culture captures the established system of values, norms, institutions, political consciousness that has developed historically, and the forms of political activity that correspond to it. At the same time, all these concepts, approaches have a point of intersection, which represents the main environmental feature of the phenomenon of political culture - universality, presence in one form or another in all spheres of social life.Domestic researchers recognize and underscore the importance of the influence of political culture on the whole complex of relations between the participants in the political process, the form of organization of state power, the form and effectiveness of the political system, the structure of institutions of power, the ability of political culture through its regulatory mechanisms to achieve social consensus, to promote or impede democratic development national state. At the same time, the problem of the environmental significance of political culture for public policy in foreign and domestic scientific discourses arises more theoretically than practical.In our case, the empirical basis for such a reflection was the information and analytical materials of the Razumkov Center «Political Culture and Parliamentarism in Ukraine: Current Status and Main Problems». Proceeding from this generalization, political culture in the structure of the political environment is a systematically organized integrity whose influence extends to its sphere components (mental, social, institutional, economic, etc.), Their interaction, the result of interaction. And finds its manifestation at all levels of society. The combination of these areas and their content is the conditions and factors of the public policy environment.

scholarly journals Democracy without political parties: the case of ancient Athens

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-998
Author(s):  
George Tridimas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Ancient Athens ◽  
The Right

AbstractPolitical parties, formal, durable and mass organizations that inform voters on public policy issues, nominate candidates for office and fight elections for the right to govern, are ubiquitous in modern representative democracies but were absent from the direct participatory democracy of ancient Athens. The paper investigates how the political institutions of Athens may explain their absence. The arguments explored include voter homogeneity; the conditions at the start of the democracy, characterized by single constituency configuration of the demos, simple majority voting and lack of organized groups; the irrelevance of holding public office for determining public policy; appointment to public posts through sortition; and voting on single-dimension issues. The paper then discusses how in the absence of parties voters became informed and how political leaders were held accountable by the courts.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN SHAPING THE IMAGE OF A POLITICIAN

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Buinitskyi ◽  
Anatolii Yakovets
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Media Use ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation

This article discusses the ability of the media to influence the political culture and consciousness of society, in particular through the creation of stereotypical symbolic constructs such as political images and political myths. The features and the role of each type of media in the formation of the images of political leaders and parties are presented, as well as some techniques that the media use in the process of updating political images are presented. It is known that the main goal of the media in the process of constructing political images is the creation and dissemination of political myths. The article discusses in detail four main topics from all possible plots of political myths: “the myth of the conspiracy”, “the myth of the golden age”, “the myth of the hero-savior”, “the myth of unity”.

Plato on Recognition of Political Leaders: the Importance of Mirrored Character Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-289
Author(s):  
Leo Catana
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Dominant Character ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Civic Institutions

Abstract This article argues for two inter-related theses keyed to Plato’s Gorgias. (I) Callicles does not represent a constitutional form, but political participation itself, characterised by ambition, competition among political candidates, and the psychological and ethical mechanisms entailed in the process of gaining political recognition. (II) According to Socrates’s understanding, the political leader’s mirroring and internalisation of dominant character traits, held amongst those individuals transferring power, is decisive to the approval bestowed upon the political leader in question. This reading supplements that of Ober, who has claimed that the would-be political leader’s conformity with the demos’ ideology is decisive. This article argues that Socrates’ point is that a would-be political leader needs to mirror the character traits of those exercising power in specific civic institutions, implying a more pluralistic and context-determined approach. Moreover, this reading connects Socrates’ notion of recognition with that of moral psychology.

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