Response Options and the Measurement of Political Knowledge

British Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0007123421000120 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

John G. Bullock ◽

Kelly Rader

Keyword(s):

Survey Design ◽

Political Knowledge ◽

National Sample ◽

Response Options ◽

The Public ◽

Knowledge Measurement ◽

Knowledge Levels ◽

Different Response ◽

Question Form ◽

Representative National Sample

Abstract By many measures, the public knows little about politics. But just how little people seem to know depends on the questions that are put to them. In particular, knowledge levels seem higher when people are asked closed- rather than open-ended questions. In turn, differences between estimated knowledge levels are sometimes attributed to fundamental differences between these types of questions. Building on this previous research, the present study uses a pre-registered experiment conducted with a representative national sample to shed new light on the relationship between question form and knowledge measurement. The authors find that inferences about political knowledge depend less on fundamental differences between open- and closed-ended questions than on two little-appreciated aspects of survey design: the number and difficulty of the response options that accompany closed-ended questions. These aspects of survey design have large effects. Scholars who use the same questions with different response options may reach substantively different conclusions about the public's levels of knowledge.

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Public Perceptions of Population Changes in Hungary

Eastern European Countryside ◽

10.2478/v10130-009-0002-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 23-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

László Kulcsár ◽

David Brown

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

National Sample ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Population Changes ◽

Demographic Trends ◽

The Public ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Representative National Sample

Public Perceptions of Population Changes in HungaryThis study examines the public perceptions of population dynamics in Hungary. Based on a representative national sample survey from 2005, we discuss how the general public perceives demographic trends and attitudes people have towards the possible reasons behind these trends and solutions they believe are appropriate to contend with the trends. Rural populations were expected to have poorer knowledge of current population trends and changes and more conservative attitudes toward controversial demographic issues, but this expectation was not supported by the data. Since relatively little research has been conducted on population literacy, this study contributes to a better understanding of how public perceptions on population are formed and how this knowledge and attitudes may affect public policy addressing demographic trends.

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Kliwonan dalam Perspektif Historis Dan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Batang

JURNAL PENELITIAN ◽

10.28918/jupe.v14i1.800 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Ambar Hermawan

Keyword(s):

Public Perception ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Public Response ◽

The Public ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Economic Reality ◽

Different Response ◽

Question Form

Kliwonan is a cultural ritual, tradition for society Stem held every Friday Kliwon per selapanan (35 days) is housed in the square and the great mosque of Rods with an intent expression of gratitude and commemorate the services of its ancestors in the open Trunk of land and fight for Islam in the region stems. This research aims to know the historicity, the value and meaning of Kliwonan in the socio-cultural community perspective on the stem. This research used the qualitative approach, with data collected through methods of observation, interviews, documents and question form to get a response to the tradition of Kliwonan according to the public perception of the stem. Data analysis with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed the public response of the stem against the ritual tradition of Kliwonan is strong enough, 70% of respondents indicate an attitude very agree with kliwonan event that became the hallmark of Batang. Results of interviews with many people indicate a different response. Among the theologian Kliwonan respond that Stem merely a tradition, the myths that are circulating in the community indeed deliberately created. Among the artists thus holds the stem of bermetamorfasa already kliwonan rituals-Mystic pragmatical event transformed into economic reality means that kliwonan is a purely pragmatic interests pageant reality.

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Facing the Challenge of Democracy

10.23943/princeton/9780691151106.001.0001 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

Interest Groups ◽

Political Knowledge ◽

The Political ◽

Political Thinking ◽

Democratic Representation ◽

The Public ◽

Party Polarization

Citizens are political simpletons—that is only a modest exaggeration of a common characterization of voters. Certainly, there is no shortage of evidence of citizens' limited political knowledge, even about matters of the highest importance, along with inconsistencies in their thinking, some glaring by any standard. But this picture of citizens all too often approaches caricature. This book brings together leading political scientists who offer new insights into the political thinking of the public, the causes of party polarization, the motivations for political participation, and the paradoxical relationship between turnout and democratic representation. These studies propel a foundational argument about democracy. Voters can only do as well as the alternatives on offer. These alternatives are constrained by third players, in particular activists, interest groups, and financial contributors. The result: voters often appear to be shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent because the alternatives they must choose between are shortsighted, extreme, and inconsistent.

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The role of response domain and scale label in the quantitative interpretation of patient-reported outcome measure response options

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-02801-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tessa Peasgood ◽

Jen-Yu Chang ◽

Robina Mir ◽

Clara Mukuria ◽

Philip A. Powell

Keyword(s):

First Language ◽

Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Response Options ◽

The Public ◽

Online Panel ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Common Response ◽

Chi Squared

Abstract Purpose Uncertainties exist in how respondents interpret response options in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), particularly across different domains and for different scale labels. The current study assessed how respondents quantitatively interpret common response options. Methods Members of the general public were recruited to this study via an online panel, stratified by age, gender, and having English as a first language. Participants completed background questions and were randomised to answer questions on one of three domains (i.e. loneliness (negatively phrased), happiness or activities (positively phrased)). Participants were asked to provide quantitative interpretations of response options (e.g. how many times per week is equal to “often”) and to order several common response options (e.g. occasionally, sometimes) on a 0–100 slider scale. Chi-squared tests and regression analyses were used to assess whether response options were interpreted consistently across domains and respondent characteristics. Results Data from 1377 participants were analysed. There was general consistency in quantifying the number of times over the last 7 days to which each response option referred. Response options were consistently assigned a lower value in the loneliness than happiness and activities domains. Individual differences, such as age and English as a second language, explained some significant variation in responses, but less than domain. Conclusion Members of the public quantify common response options in a similar way, but their quantification is not equivalent across domains or every type of respondent. Recommendations for the use of certain scale labels over others in PROM development are provided.

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Mediterranean diet and waist circumference in a representative national sample of young Spaniards

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity ◽

10.3109/17477161003777417 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 516-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Helmut Schröder ◽

Michelle A. Mendez ◽

Lourdes Ribas-Barba ◽

Maria-Isabel Covas ◽

Lluis Serra-Majem

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

National Sample ◽

Representative National Sample

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A comparison of recommendations and received treatment for mood and anxiety disorders in a representative national sample

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-017-1316-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin A. R. Woolf ◽

Jeanne V. A. Williams ◽

Dina H. Lavorato ◽

Andrew G. M. Bulloch ◽

Scott B. Patten

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

National Sample ◽

Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽

Representative National Sample

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Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: a cross-sectional study

10.31236/osf.io/ze3qy ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Paquito Bernard ◽

Isabelle Doré ◽

Romain Ahmed Jérôme ◽

Gabriel Hains-Monfette ◽

Kingsbury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Dose Response ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Generalized Additive Models ◽

National Sample ◽

Additive Models ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Representative National Sample

Although higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with better mental health, previous findings about the shape of the dose–response relationship between PA and mental health are inconsistent. Furthermore, this association may differ according to sedentary levels. We investigated the cross-sectional dose-response associations between objectively measured PA and mental health in a representative national sample of adults. We also examined whether sedentary time modified the PA - mental health associations. Based on 2007-2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey data, PA and sedentary time were measured using accelerometry among 8150 participants, aged 20 to 79 years. Generalized additive models with a smooth function were fitted to examine associations between minutes per day of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), daily steps (combined or not with sedentary time) and self-rated mental health. A significant curvilinear relationship between average daily minutes of MVPA and mental health was observed, with increasing benefits up to 50 minutes/day. For LPA, a more complex shape (monotonic and curvilinear) was found. For daily steps, inverted U-shaped curve suggested increasing benefits until a plateau between 5000 and 16000 steps. The MVPA-LPA combination was significantly associated with mental health but with a complex pattern. The tested PA-sedentary time combinations showed that increasing sedentary time decreased the positive PA-mental health associations. Non-linear dose-response patterns between the PA modalities and self-reported mental health were observed. Optimal doses of daily minutes of MVPA, LPA, MVPA combined with LPA and daily steps are independently associated with better mental health in adults. The results also suggest that PA-mental health associations could be hampered by daily sedentary time.

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Devolution and Politics as Predictors of Expansion Strategies in Public Training Institutions: A Case Study of Kenya Medical Training College

Science Mundi ◽

10.51867/10.51867/scimundi.1.1.2021.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paul Chandoo Musango ◽

Daniel K. Kimwetich

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Medical Training ◽

Survey Design ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Primary Data ◽

The Public ◽

Political Patronage ◽

Training Institutions ◽

Descriptive Survey ◽

Expansion Strategies

This study investigates the influence of devolution and politics on the expansion strategies in public training institutions with reference to the Kenya Medical Training College. The specific objectives of the study are to: establish the influence of devolution of health services on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions and; determine the influence of politics on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions. This study is based on the contingency theory. It adopts the descriptive survey design. The study focuses on 2393 KMTC officers from the 73 KMTC campuses in Kenya, 42 ministries of health officials in the 42 counties that have KMTC campuses, and 42 local leaders from those counties that have KMTC campuses. The total targeted study participants were thus 2477. From these, 10% (248 persons) were sampled. The study used purposive and stratified random sampling techniques to obtain the study sample. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Data from questionnaires were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and means) were used to describe the central tendencies of the data. In addition, inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis) were also used. Data from key informants were analysed using content analysis techniques. The findings show that the two study variables influenced the uptake of expansion strategies at KMTC campuses. In this regard, Pearson correlation shows that there was statistical significant relationship between devolution of health services (r=0.322, p<0.001) and; politics (r=0.478, p<0.001) and success of expansion strategies. These findings show that politics was the strongest factor influencing the success of expansion strategies followed by devolution of health services. As such, avoiding the negative influences of the devolution of health services and politics can enhance the success of expansion strategies at KMTC. In this regard, efforts aimed at reducing political patronage as well as interferences of devolved governments in the running of KMTC campuses would enhance the performance of new campuses.

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The role and importance of value-based segmentation on the cohort of millennials: Case study Serbia

Marketing ◽

10.5937/markt2101043m ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 43-57

Author(s):

Tatjana Mamula-Nikolić ◽

Nenad Perić ◽

Stefan Alimpić

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Population Structure ◽

Generation Y ◽

National Sample ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Subject ◽

Representative National Sample

The paper deals with the value-based segmentation conducted on Millennials generation in Serbia. It presents the research findings of the five segments of the Serbian Millennials according to their values and life style. The subject of defining the set of segments was processed by conducting a cluster and factor analysis on the representative national sample of Millennials in Serbia. Once the cluster analysis discovered the segments, the next step was to understand the essence of the clusters or segments. The sample is consisted of 1000 respondents, reflecting the population structure of the Serbian generation Y according to gender, age, region and type of settlement (urban / rural). The analysis showed some quite interesting and in some parts contradictory results. The results of this survey are relevant for sociologists, strategists, communications professionals and managers who are interested in this generation of voters, consumers, employees, leaders and entrepreneurs.

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