Population sampling for planthoppers, leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae & Cicadellidae) and their predators in flooded rice

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Perfect ◽  
A. G. Cook ◽  
E. R. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Suction Sampler ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Absolute Population

AbstractStudies on the precision levels and efficiencies of available insect suction samplers (D-Vac and FARMCOP) were undertaken in the Philippines to determine the best possible sampling procedure to derive absolute population estimates of delphacids, cicadellids and their predators in flooded rice. The D–Vac suction sampler when used in conjunction with an enclosure placed over the rice hill prior to sampling was found to be the most suitable. The sampling procedure adopted is described in detail, and sampling efficiencies for the D–Vac are given for nymphs and adults of the delphacids and cicadellids and their predators. These values could be used by other workers following the sampling procedures described here on modern rice varieties grown under flooded conditions to achieve absolute population estimates.

scholarly journals Reproductive, pathogenic and genotypic characterisation of five Meloidogyne graminicola populations from the Philippines on susceptible and resistant rice varieties

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Ma. Teodora Nadong Cabasan ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Stéphane Bellafiore ◽  
Dirk De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Disease Induction

Summary Five populations of Meloidogyne graminicola isolated from different rice-growing areas in the Philippines were characterised. The populations showed little phenotypic variability of second-stage juveniles and female perineal pattern. Differences in reproduction among M. graminicola populations were not observed on mature resistant Oryza glaberrima varieties ‘TOG5674’, ‘TOG5675’, ‘RAM131’ and ‘CG14’, or on susceptible O. sativa varieties ‘IR64’ and ‘UPLRi-5’. In all infected rice varieties, plant growth and yield-contributing traits showed no differences among the populations. A search on M. graminicola populations from the Philippines for single-nucleotide polymorphism on the sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of rDNA genes and mtDNA indicated only few points of heteroplasmy. Nematode reproduction and disease induction of the five M. graminicola populations in the Philippines exerted the same level of aggressiveness and virulence. The absence of resistance-breaking populations of M. graminicola is important for the maintenance of durability of resistance to this important rice pathogen.

of storage as short as possible, only; 24 h should not be ex­ ceeded. Table III comprises the most important criteria for valid static and dynamic sampling. It seems that both the guide of Warren Springs, U.K. and the VDI-Guideline might be a useful base to describe commonly accepted sampling procedures aiming at a standardization of sampling which might be a first step for a harmonization of olfactometric measurements in the different laboratories and countri es. REFERENCES (1) BULLEY, N.R. and D. PHILLIPS (1980). Sensory evaluation of agricul­ tural odours: A critical review. Can. Agric. Eng. 22, 107 - 112. (2) HENRY, J.G. and R. GEHR (1980). Odour control: An operator's guide. Journal WPCF 52, 2523 - 2537. (3) ROOS, C., J.A. DON and J. SCHAEFER (1984). Characterization of odour-polluted air. In: Proc.Int.Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25-27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 3 - 22. (4) BAKER, A.R. and R.C. DOERR (1959). Methods of sampling and storage of air containing vapors and gases. Int.J.Air Poll. 2, 142 - 158. (5) SCHUETTE, F.J. (1967). Plastic bags for collection of gas samples. Atmosph.Environm. 1, 515 - 519. (6) SCHODDER, F. (1977T. Messen von Geruchsstoffkonzentrationen, Erfassen von Geruch. Grundl. Landtechnik 27, 73 - 82. (7) CORMACK, D., T.A. DORLING and B.W7J. LYNCH (1974). Comparison of tech­ niques for organoleptic odour-intensity assessment. Chem.Ind. (Lon­ don) no. 2, 857 - 861. (8) SCHUETZLE, D., T.J. PRATER and S. RUDDELL (1975). Sampling and anal­ ysis of emissions from stationary sources. I. Odour and total hydro­ carbons. APCA Journal 25, 925 - 932. (9) WAUTERS, E., E. WALRAVENS, E. MUYLLE and G. VERDUYN (1983). An evalu­ ation of a fast sampling procedure for the trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air. Environm.Monitor.Assessm. 3, 151-160. (10) LACHENMAYER, U. and H. KOHLER (1984). Untersuchungen zur Neuentwick-lung eines Olfaktometers. Staub - Reinhalt. Luft 44, 359 - 362. (11) BERNARD, F. (1984). Simplified methods of odour measurement: Indus­ trial application and interest for administrative control. Proc. Int. Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25 - 27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 139 - 150. (12) GILLARD, F. (1984). Measurement of odours by dynamic olfactometry. Application to the steel and carbonization industries. Proc.Int.Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25 - 27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 53 - 86. (13) MANNEBECK, H. (1975). Tragbare Olfaktometer. VDI-Bericht 226, 103-105. (14) BEDBOROUGH, D.R. (1980). Sensory measurement of odours. In: Odour Control - a concise guide, F.H.H. Valentin and A.A. North (eds.), Warren Springs Laboratories, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, U.K., pp. 17-30. (15) THIELE, V. (1984). Olfaktometrie an einer Emissionsquelle - Ergebnis-se des VDI-Ringvergleichs. Staub - Reinhalt. Luft 44, 342 - 351. (16) DUFFEE, R.A., J.P. WAHL, W. MARRONE and J.S. NADERT1973). Defining and measuring objectionable odors. Internat. Pollution Eng. Congress, Philadelphia, paper no 25a, pp. 192 - 201.

1986 ◽  
pp. 62-62
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Dynamic Sampling ◽  
Concise Guide ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Breeding Temperate Japonica Rice Varieties Adaptable to Tropical Regions: Progress and Prospects

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Myrish Pacleb ◽  
O-Young Jeong ◽  
Jeom-Sig Lee ◽  
Thelma Padolina ◽  
Rustum Braceros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Temperate Japonica ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Tropics

Temperate japonica rice is mainly cultivated in temperate regions. Many temperate japonica varieties have a superior grain quality that is preferred in Northeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China. The changes in consumers’ preferences in Southeast Asia and Western countries has contributed to increasing the demand for temperate japonica. Most temperate japonica varieties developed in temperate regions typically exhibit extra-early flowering under the short-day conditions in the tropics, which usually results in severely reduced yields. Since 1992, we have been developing temperate japonica varieties that can adapt to tropical environments to meet the increasing demand for temperate japonica rice, having released six varieties in the Philippines. Especially, the yield of one of the temperate japonica varieties, Japonica 7, was comparable to the yields of leading indica varieties in the Philippines. Here, we discuss the current breeding initiatives and future plans for the development of tropical-region-bred temperate japonica rice.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of venous blood sampling procedure (phlebotomy): avoiding tourniquet use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Freitas ◽  
Mónica Alves
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Without Tourniquet ◽  
Venous Blood Sampling

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for venous blood sampling procedure (phlebotomy) discourage tourniquet use whenever possible. Here, we aimed to assess the Biomedical Scientists capability of not using the tourniquet in phlebotomy, which we hypothesized to be equal to 50% of the patients attended, and identifying the most frequent venipuncture site.Materials and MethodsWe selected and assigned two (BMS) with the same age (41 years) and experience (20 years) to record ten phlebotomy days, the first with prioritized and the latter with non-prioritized patients. In a simple record form, each acquired daily data for the number of attended patients, age and gender, the frequency of non-tourniquet usage and the punctured vein. To test our work hypothesis we used the two-tailed single sample t-test (p < 0.05). Differences between age-group means and non-tourniquet use means by each BMS were tested by two-tailed t-test for independent means (p < 0.05).ResultsIn 10 phlebotomy days 683 patients were attended, with males representing 43,2% of the population. We found no statistically difference between age-group means. The combined capability of non-tourniquet use was 50,5%, which did not differ from our null hypothesis, but the individual group-means were statistically different, being 33% and 66.9% in the prioritized vs non-prioritized group. The medial cubital vein was the most prone to be punctured (77,7%).ConclusionsWe have shown that performing phlebotomies without tourniquet use is possible and desirable in at least half of the attended patients, though being more limited in specific group populations. Our results provide room for quality improvement in the laboratory pre-analytical phase.Key points summaryWe assessed the capability of Biomedical Scientists not using the tourniquet in real life blood sampling procedures for diagnostic purposes.Blood was collected from at least half of the attended patients without tourniquet use.Biomedical Scientists were able to prioritize the antecubital veins without tourniquet application (medial cubital vein the most prone to be punctured - 78% of attempts).

scholarly journals Evaluation of saliva sampling procedures for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics reveals differential sensitivity and association with viral load

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Mestdagh ◽  
Michel Gillard ◽  
Marc Arbyn ◽  
Jean-Paul Pirnay ◽  
Jeroen Poels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Sampling Procedures

AbstractNasopharyngeal sampling has been the preferential collection method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Alternative sampling procedures that are less invasive and do not require a healthcare professional would be more preferable for patients and health professionals. Saliva collection has been proposed as such a possible alternative sampling procedure. We evaluated the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 testing on two different saliva collection devices (spitting versus swabbing) compared to nasopharyngeal swabs in over 2500 individuals that were either symptomatic or had high-risk contacts with infected individuals. We observed an overall poor sensitivity in saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection (30.8% and 22.4% for spitting and swabbing, respectively). However, when focusing on individuals with medium to high viral load, sensitivity increased substantially (97.0% and 76.7% for spitting and swabbing, respectively), irrespective of symptomatic status. Our results suggest that saliva cannot readily replace nasopharyngeal sampling for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics but may enable identification of cases with medium to high viral loads.

Absolute Population Estimates Using Capture–Recapture Experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-112
Author(s):  
Peter A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Stochastic Method ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Protein Marking ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Estimate Population Size ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Absolute Population ◽  
Natural Marks

The main methods used to estimate population size using capture–recapture for both closed and open populations are described, including the Peterson–Lincoln estimator, the Schabel census, Bailey’s triple catch, the Jolly–Seber stochastic method, and Cormack’s log-linear method. The robust design approach is described. R code listings for commonly used packages are presented. The assumptions common to capture–recapture methods are reviewed, and tests for assumptions such as equal catchability described. The use of programs to select model assumptions are described. The main methods for marking different animal groups are described, together with the use of natural marks and parasites and DNA. Marking methods include paint marks, dyes, tagging, protein marking, DNA, natural marks, tattooing, and mutilation. Methods for handling and release are described.

scholarly journals The Green Revolution shaped the population structure of the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lorenzo Quibod ◽  
Genelou Atieza-Grande ◽  
Eula Gems Oreiro ◽  
Denice Palmos ◽  
Marian Hanna Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of modern agriculture on the evolutionary trajectory of plant pathogens is a central question for crop sustainability. The Green Revolution replaced traditional rice landraces with high-yielding varieties, creating a uniform selection pressure that allows measuring the effect of such intervention. In this study, we analyzed a unique historical pathogen record to assess the impact of a major resistance gene, Xa4, in the population structure of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) collected in the Philippines in a span of 40 years. After the deployment of Xa4 in the early 1960s, the emergence of virulent pathogen groups was associated with the increasing adoption of rice varieties carrying Xa4, which reached 80% of the total planted area. Whole genomes analysis of a representative sample suggested six major pathogen groups with distinctive signatures of selection in genes related to secretion system, cell-wall degradation, lipopolysaccharide production, and detoxification of host defense components. Association genetics also suggested that each population might evolve different mechanisms to adapt to Xa4. Interestingly, we found evidence of strong selective sweep affecting several populations in the mid-1980s, suggesting a major bottleneck that coincides with the peak of Xa4 deployment in the archipelago. Our study highlights how modern agricultural practices facilitate the adaptation of pathogens to overcome the effects of standard crop improvement efforts.

Statistical Methods Used In Educational Technology Research 2012-2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Nicola L. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Educational Technology Research ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Sampling Procedures

This article provides a content analysis of the research methodologies used in quantitative and mixed-methods articles in the top five educational technology journals between 2012 and 2013. These articles represented a total of 32,131 sampling procedures and statistical techniques recorded from 1,171 articles – the largest research synthesis of research methodologies in field of educational technology to date. Results indicate quantitative methods continue to dominate the field as a whole, yet specific journals appear to favor certain research methods over others. Most authors did not report the type of sampling procedure used in their investigations (617 articles). Fewer researchers reported score reliability estimates using their own data – with only 420 articles reporting reliability coefficients. Findings also suggest few authors reported informationally-adequate statistics. Recommendations for best statistical practices and implications for the field of educational technology are discussed.

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