A biologically-active compound from pupae of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) and its possible role in defence

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Dougherty ◽  
J.G.C. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Hexane Extracts

AbstractGas chromatography analysis of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) pupae and fourth instar larvae revealed a compound which was not present in other larval stages. Squashed pupae were repellent to conspecific larvae and ants (Lasius niger (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)), whereas second and third instars were not. Hexane extracts of pupae were repellent to conspecific larvae and L. niger, but extracts of second and third instars were not. The biologically active chemical was isolated from pupae and fourth instars and was found to be repellent to conspecific larvae and L. niger. The possibility that pupae and fourth instars may use a combined chemical and mechanical defensive strategy to avoid predation and cannibalism is discussed.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Skin Secretion Peptides of the Gliding Leaf Frog, Agalychnis spurrelli (Hylidae)

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Proaño-Bolaños ◽  
Ailín Blasco-Zúñiga ◽  
José Rafael Almeida ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Miguel Angel Llumiquinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Skin Secretion ◽  
Peptide Profile ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Skin Secretions

Frog skin secretions contain medically-valuable molecules, which are useful for the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals. The peptide profile of the skin secretion of Agalychnis spurrelli has not been investigated; therefore, the structural and biological characterization of its compounds signify an inestimable opportunity to acquire new biologically-active chemical scaffolds. In this work, skin secretion from this amphibian was analysed by molecular cloning and tandem mass spectrometry. Although the extent of this work was not exhaustive, eleven skin secretion peptides belonging to five peptide families were identified. Among these, we report the occurrence of two phyllokinins, and one medusin-SP which were previously reported in other related species. In addition, eight novel peptides were identified, including four dermaseptins, DRS-SP2 to DRS-SP5, one phylloseptin-SP1, and three orphan peptides. Phylloseptin-SP1 and dermaseptins-SP2 were identified in HPLC fractions based on their molecular masses determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Among the antimicrobial peptides, dermaseptin-SP2 was the most potent, inhibiting Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and ORSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.68 μM, and Candida albicans with an MIC of 10.71 μM, without haemolytic effects. The peptides described in this study represent but a superficial glance at the considerable structural diversity of bioactive peptides produced in the skin secretion of A. spurrelli.

Diversity of Root Bacteria from Peanut Cropping Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gooden ◽  
H. D. Skipper ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
K. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Rhizobacteria play an important role in sustainable agriculture via plant growth and biological control of pests in a number of ecosystems. Understanding the interactions of crop rotation and rhizobacteria on peanut production is a critical research need. Development of a database on the rhizobacteria obtained from continuous and rotational fields of peanut was initiated in 1997 and terminated in 2000. Peanut was planted in monoculture for 4 yr. In rotational plots, peanut, cotton, corn, and peanut were planted in sequence. Rhizobacteria were isolated from the roots of crop plants grown in a Norfolk soil near Florence, SC. These isolates were identified by composition of fatty acids from gas chromatography analysis (GC/FAME). Arthrobacter and Bacillus were the major genera from non-rhizosphere soils. At initiation of this study in July 1997, the plots selected for continuous peanut had more diversity in rhizobacteria than those plots selected for rotation. In July 2000, rhizobacteria diversity was greater from peanut roots in the rotation cropping system than continuous peanut. Even though rhizobacteria diversity was greater in the rotation system, higher peanut yields were recorded in the continuous peanut system in 2000. Burkholderia spp. were always isolated from the peanut and other crop rhizospheres at each sampling date.

Effects of pollution and climate change on the ecosystem components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Herbaceous Communities ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

The book contains the study results of the environmental and soil conditions of the transformed territories, the ecological patterns of woody plants natural communities’ formation as well as the features of the herbaceous communities’ succession in flooded areas. The current state of forest areas is highlighted, the problems of forest management and their exploitation in Ukraine are outlined. Aspects of anthropogenic impact on natural aquatic ecosystems are shown and various biotesting methods of negative effects are characterized. The relationship between the presence of exogenous biologically active chemical compounds in the environment and damage to the endocrine system of animals has been revealed. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in environmental management and environmental protection. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers.

scholarly journals Musa balbisiana and Musa paradisiaca Starches Increase SCFA and Caspase-3 as well as Decrease β-glucuronidase and MDA of Mouse Model for Colon Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-6
Author(s):  
Diana Nur Afifah ◽  
Fauzia Purnamasari ◽  
Luthfiatul Khusna ◽  
Noviasti Rahma Utami ◽  
Aida Fitri Nazillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Musa Balbisiana ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Low Glycemic Index

BACKGROUND: Administration of resistant starch (RS) influences the diversity and the composition of microbiota as well as inhibits the growth of cancer cell. Banana as a potential source of RS has been reported. Although Musa paradisiaca has been reported to induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells, Musa balbisiana, which has low glycemic index and suitable for particular patients, has not been investigated yet.METHODS: Starches of M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca were prepared and mixed with other components to make 3 types of mouse pellets. Mouse model for colon cancer was prepared and fed with different types of mouse pellets. Blood was collected and processed for measuring β-glucuronidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Resected ceca were incised to collect the inner part for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurement with gas chromatography analysis. Resected colas were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry to detect Caspase-3.RESULTS: Colon-cancer-mice fed with the M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca starches-contained pellets had significant higher concentrations of total SCFA (p=0.003), acetic acid (p=0.000), propionic acid (p=0.000) and butyric acid (p=0.000); lower concentration of β-glucuronidase (p<0.001); higher Caspase-3 score (p=0.040); and lower MDA concentration (p<0.001) than colon-cancer-mice fed with standard pellet (control).CONCLUSION: M. balbisiana and M. paradisiaca starches could be suggested as potential anti-colon cancer RS. Further research should be carried out to disclose the starches mechanisms in colon cancer cell.KEYWORDS: Musa balbisiana, Musa paradisiaca, colon cancer, resistant starch, Caspase-3, SCFA, β-glucuronidase, malondialdehyde

scholarly journals Anti-arthritic and gastroprotective activities of Ardisia crispa root partially mediated via its antioxidant effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslida Abdul Hamid ◽  
Lau Moi Fong ◽  
Yeong Looi Ting
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Lower Dose Range

AbstractBackgroundThunb A.DC (Myrsinaceae), commonly known as “hen’s eyes”, has been traditionally used in treating various inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated anti-arthritic, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities ofMethodsAnti-arthritic activity was evaluated in complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced adjuvant arthritis and gastroprotective effect was studied in the ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. ACRH was further isolated to yield quinone-rich fraction (QRF) and both were analyzed for their total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities in various antioxidant assays. Both ACRH and QRF were also analyzed for the quinone composition via gas chromatography analysis.ResultsACRH exerted significant reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α at a lower dose range in CFA-induced arthritis, as well as exhibited its cytoprotective effect against ethanol-induced ulcer lesion via involvement of mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups. ACRH also showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as better antioxidant activities than QRF.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated the plant as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, with ACRH succeeded in inhibiting both arthritic and ulcerogenic effect, possibly mediated via its antioxidant effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document