scholarly journals A chromosome-level genome assembly of Cydia pomonella provides insights into chemical ecology and insecticide resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanghao Wan ◽  
Chuanlin Yin ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Maohua Chen ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Chromosome Level

Abstract The codling moth Cydia pomonella, a major invasive pest of pome fruit, has spread around the globe in the last half century. We generated a chromosome-level scaffold assembly including the Z chromosome and a portion of the W chromosome. This assembly reveals the duplication of an olfactory receptor gene (OR3), which we demonstrate enhances the ability of C. pomonella to exploit kairomones and pheromones in locating both host plants and mates. Genome-wide association studies contrasting insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains identify hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with insecticide resistance, including three SNPs found in the promoter of CYP6B2. RNAi knockdown of CYP6B2 increases C. pomonella sensitivity to two insecticides, deltamethrin and azinphos methyl. The high-quality genome assembly of C. pomonella informs the genetic basis of its invasiveness, suggesting the codling moth has distinctive capabilities and adaptive potential that may explain its worldwide expansion.

Investigation of insecticide-resistance status of Cydia pomonella in Chinese populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Q. Yang ◽  
Y.-L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Care Activity ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

AbstractThe codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) is an economically important fruit pest and it has been directly targeted by insecticides worldwide. Serious resistance to insecticides has been reported in many countries. As one of the most serious invasive pest, the codling moth has populated several areas in China. However, resistance to insecticides has not been reported in China. We investigated the insecticide-resistance status of four field populations from Northwestern China by applying bioassays, enzyme activities, and mutation detections. Diagnostic concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, carbaryl, and imidacloprid were determined and used in bioassays. Field populations were less susceptible to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl than laboratory strain. Insensitive populations displayed an elevated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity. Reduced carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was observed in some insecticide insensitive populations and reduced acetylcholinesterase activity was observed only in the Wuw population. The cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenases activities in four field populations were not found to be different from susceptible strains. Neither the known-resistance mutation F399V in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene, ace1, nor mutations in CarE gene CpCE-1 were found in adult individuals from our field populations. Native-PAGE revealed that various CarE isozymes and AChE insensitivity were occurring among Chinese populations. Our results indicate that codling moth populations from Northwestern China were insensitivity to chlorpyrifos-ethyl and carbaryl. Increased GST activity was responsible for insecticides insensitivity. Decreased CarE activity, as well as the presence of CarE and AChE polymorphisms might also be involved in insecticides insensitivity. New management strategies for managing this pest are discussed.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Selective Signature Analysis Revealed Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Cydia pomonella

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Dai ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Li-Ping Ban
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Glycine Receptor ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cross Resistance

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a serious invasive pest of pome fruits. Currently, C. pomonella management mainly relies on the application of insecticides, which have driven the development of resistance in the insect. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is of great significance for developing new pest resistance management techniques and formulating effective resistance management strategies. Using existing genome resequencing data, we performed selective sweep analysis by comparing two resistant strains and one susceptible strain of the insect pest and identified seven genes, among which, two (glycine receptor and glutamate receptor) were under strong insecticide selection, suggesting their functional importance in insecticide resistance. We also found that eight genes including CYP6B2, CYP307a1, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, cuticle protein, and acetylcholinesterase, are potentially involved in cross-resistance to azinphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Moreover, among several P450s identified as positively selected genes, CYP6B2, CYP4C1, and CYP4d2 showed the highest expression level in larva compared to other stages tested, and CYP6B2 also showed the highest expression level in midgut, supporting the roles they may play in insecticide metabolism. Our results provide several potential genes that can be studied further to advance understanding of complexity of insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. pomonella.

scholarly journals Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: genome-wide association studies suggest a regulatory region in the 5′ olfactory receptor gene cluster

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Solovieff ◽  
Jacqueline N. Milton ◽  
Stephen W. Hartley ◽  
Richard Sherva ◽  
Paola Sebastiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Gene ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract In a genome-wide association study of 848 blacks with sickle cell anemia, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fetal hemoglobin concentration. The most significant SNPs in a discovery sample were tested in a replication set of 305 blacks with sickle cell anemia and in subjects with hemoglobin E or β thalassemia trait from Thailand and Hong Kong. A novel region on chromosome 11 containing olfactory receptor genes OR51B5 and OR51B6 was identified by 6 SNPs (lowest P = 4.7E−08) and validated in the replication set. An additional olfactory receptor gene, OR51B2, was identified by a novel SNP set enrichment analysis. Genome-wide association studies also validated a previously identified SNP (rs766432) in BCL11A, a gene known to affect fetal hemoglobin levels (P = 2.6E−21) and in Thailand and Hong Kong subjects. Elements within the olfactory receptor gene cluster might play a regulatory role in γ-globin gene expression.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Glucose Transporters in Glucose Homeostasis: a Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Muslim Bin Aqeel ◽  
Sana Ashiq ◽  
Mayyda Asif Bajwa ◽  
Kanwal Ashiq
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The GLUT2 (glucose transporter 2) is a glucose sensitive receptor gene found in the liver, pancreas, and sometimes in the CNS. The experiments conducted on the genetically modified mice revealed their role in the different regulatory mechanisms. Objective: The current narrative review aims to elucidate the role of GLUT2 in glucose homeostasis. Methods: The recent related articles were reviewed with the help of different databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer link, and Science direct. To ensure the credibility of data, articles published only in indexed journals were considered. Results: In the liver (hepatocytes), it’s reported that there is an unsuspected glucose pathway (output) that is dependent on the membrane mechanism is in progress. In humans, due to the mutation in the GLUT2 gene, there is a syndrome known as “Fanconi–Bickel syndrome” which dictates a glycogen storage disease type 11 disease characterized by kidney and liver disorders. Conclusion: It is concluded from the genome-wide association studies that the genetic mutations in GLUT2 result in an increased risk of high cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and fasting hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals An Improved Oil Palm Genome Assembly as a Valuable Resource for Crop Improvement and Comparative Genomics in the Arecoideae Subfamily

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Ai-Ling Ong ◽  
Chee-Keng Teh ◽  
Sean Mayes ◽  
Festo Massawe ◽  
David Ross Appleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Palm Species

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most traded crop among the economically important palm species. Here, we report an extended version genome of E. guineensis that is 1.2 Gb in length, an improvement of the physical genome coverage to 79% from the previous 43%. The improvement was made by assigning an additional 1968 originally unplaced scaffolds that were available publicly into the physical genome. By integrating three ultra-dense linkage maps and using them to place genomic scaffolds, the 16 pseudomolecules were extended. As we show, the improved genome has enhanced the mapping resolution for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and permitted further identification of candidate genes/protein-coding regions (CDSs) and any non-coding RNA that may be associated with them for further studies. We then employed the new physical map in a comparative genomics study against two other agriculturally and economically important palm species—date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.)—confirming the high level of conserved synteny among these palm species. We also used the improved oil palm genome assembly version as a palm genome reference to extend the date palm physical map. The improved genome of oil palm will enable molecular breeding approaches to expedite crop improvement, especially in the largest subfamily of Arecoideae, which consists of 107 species belonging to Arecaceae.

1267Relationship between polymorphism of ADRA2B gene and primary cardiac conduction disorders

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chernova ◽  
S Nikulina ◽  
V Shulman ◽  
M Voevoda ◽  
V Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Clinical Genetic

Abstract Background Cardiac conduction system (CCS) disease resulting in disrupted conduction and impaired cardiac rhythm is common with significant morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options are limited and rational efforts to develop cell-based and regenerative therapies require knowledge in molecular networks that establish and maintain CCS function. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with adult human CCS function, including ADRA2B.   Materials and methods A family examination was performed for 71 patients with atrioventricular block (AVB). The control group was formed by 657 patients without clinical ECG manifestations of cardiac diseases. All the examinees underwent ECG, echocardioscopy, electrophysiological examination of the heart.  Results by results of research, it has been established that the frequency of carriers of a homozygous genotype on rare allele (DD) among patients with AVB (43.7%±5.9) was higher in comparison with the controls (16%±1.4). The obvious tendency to decrease in carriers of a heterozygous genotype (ID) among patients with AVB (23.9%±5.1) in comparison with the control group (51.1%±2.0) has also been noted.  Conclusions  In this work, we revealed association between hereditary disturbances of cardiac conduction and polymorphism of 2-adrenergic receptor gene using clinical - genetic material for the first time. Genotypes: AVB (n = 71) Control group (n = 657) р n %±m n %±m II 23 32,4 ± 5,6 216 32,9 ± 1,8 р>0,05 ID 17 23,9 ± 5,1 336 51,1 ± 2,0 р<0,001 DD 31 43,7 ± 5,9 105 16 ± 1,4 р<0,001 Allels: Allel I 63 32,9 ± 1,8 768 58,4 ± 1,4 р<0,001 Allels D 79 51,1 ± 2,0 546 41,6 ± 1,4 р<0,001 ОR; 95% CI OR 1,764;1,244-2,5 Genotype II 23 32,4 ± 5,6 216 32,9 ± 1,8 р>0,05 Genotypes ID + DD 48 67,6 ± 5,6 441 67,1 ± 1,8 р>0,05 ОR; 95% CI OR 0,978;0,58-1,65

Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Reyes ◽  
Pierre Franck ◽  
Pierre-Joseph Charmillot ◽  
Claudio Ioriatti ◽  
Jérôme Olivares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
European Populations

scholarly journals Pest Management Challenges and Control Practices in Codling Moth: A Review

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kadoić Balaško ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Katarina M. Mikac ◽  
Darija Lemic ◽  
Ivana Pajač Živković
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Proactive Management

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., is a serious insect pest in pome fruit production worldwide with a preference for apple. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics. This review summarizes the information about the origin and biology of the codling moth, describes the mechanisms of resistance in this pest, and provides an overview of current research of resistant pest populations and genetic research both in Europe and globally. The main focus of this review is on non-pesticide control measures and anti-resistance strategies which help to reduce the number of chemical pesticides used and their residues on food and the local environment. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance is essential for proactive management to mitigate potential insecticide resistance. Here we describe techniques for the detection of resistant variants and possibilities for monitoring resistance populations. Also, we present our present work on developing new methods to maintain effective control using appropriate integrated resistance management (IRM) strategies for this economically important perennial pest.

scholarly journals Identifying permethrin resistance loci in malaria vectors by genetic mapping

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA WITZIG ◽  
CHARLES S. WONDJI ◽  
CLARE STRODE ◽  
ROUSSEAU DJOUAKA ◽  
HILARY RANSON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Genomic Locations

SUMMARYIdentification of the major loci responsible for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors would aid the development and implementation of effective resistance management strategies, which are urgently needed to tackle the growing threat posed by resistance to the limited insecticides available for malaria control. Genome-wide association studies in the major malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, have been hindered by the high degree of within-population structuring and very low levels of linkage disequilibrium hence we revisited the use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to study resistance phenotypes in this vector species. Earlier work, identified two major QTL associated with pyrethroid resistance in A. gambiae s.s. from East Africa using genetic crossing of laboratory-colonized resistant and susceptible strains. In this study, we report the results from genetic mapping of pyrethroid resistance in three isofemale pedigrees established from wild-caught female A. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes from Benin. We identified two QTL on chromosomes 2L and 3R in these field populations, in similar genomic locations to the QTL identified in laboratory strains. The relative merits of two alternative study designs are discussed and suggestions made for future genetic mapping studies of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes.

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