Deflated Dreams: The EPA's Bubble Policy and the Politics of Uncertainty in Regulatory Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Charles Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Administrative State ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Protection Agency

In the late 1970s, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) unveiled the bubble policy as a central part of Jimmy Carter's plan to reform environmental regulations that many believed had grown too proscriptive and too costly for American industry. Since the EPA's formation, regulators had dictated method and means for reducing air pollution. The bubble returned the prerogative to business. But despite bipartisan support, the bubble never took off. Drawing on EPA records and interviews, this article shows how skeptical regulators intentionally made the bubble unwieldy, driving away businesses wary of uncertainty. Though Ronald Reagan's election seemed to lift the bubble's fortunes, his undiscerning assault on the administrative state ironically deflated the EPA's development of a viable alternative to the proscriptive model.

Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dan Wood
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
Clean Air

A principal-agent perspective has been employed in recent studies to rediscover the importance of democratic hierarchies in shaping public bureaucratic outputs. I test the robustness of the hierarchy model for explaining outputs from an agency that has often been cast in the image of bureaucratic independence, the Environmental Protection Agency. Examining the effect of the Reagan presidency on EPA outputs for clean air, Box-Tiao models are constructed to explain shifts in the vigor of air pollution enforcements between 1977 and 1985. The analysis shows that the influence of elected institutions is limited when an agency has substantial bureaucratic resources and a zeal for their use. Moreover, under these conditions, bureaucracy can even move outputs in directions completely opposite from what a model of hierarchy would predict. The implication is that for some agencies it is necessary to give greater consideration to the agent in explaining implementation outcomes through time.

THE EVOLUTION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE COUNTY OF MARAMURE. BETWEEN 2006 AND 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Gabriela Maria Filip ◽  
◽  
Valeria Mirela Brezoczki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
County Level ◽  
Protection Agency

Global warming and climate change represent the most important problems of society. These are manly caused by air pollution and the increase of greenhouse gases. This paper presents a synthetic analysis of the evolution of greenhouse gases in the county of Maramureş over a period of 10 years, between 2006 and 2015, based on the data taken from the Environmental Protection Agency Maramureş, regarding the main greenhouse gases at county level, as well as the emission sources and their effects.

scholarly journals Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 2558-2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Blundell ◽  
Gautam Gowrisankaran ◽  
Ashley Langer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Grid Approach ◽  
The Us

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses a dynamic approach to enforcing air pollution regulations, with repeat offenders subject to high fines and designation as high priority violators (HPV). We estimate the value of dynamic enforcement by developing and estimating a dynamic model of a plant and regulator, where plants decide when to invest in pollution abatement technologies. We use a fixed grid approach to estimate random coefficient specifications. Investment, fines, and HPV designation are costly to most plants. Eliminating dynamic enforcement would raise pollution damages by 164 percent with constant fines or raise fines by 519 percent with constant pollution damages. (JEL Q52, Q53, Q58)

Electrification of Transport Refrigeration Units for Temperature-Sensitive Freight: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 Technical Assistance Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
John Thornton ◽  
John MacArthur ◽  
Husam Barham
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Home Base

Transport refrigeration units (TRUs) powered by integral diesel engines provide necessary temperature control for temperature-sensitive freight. TRU engines on trucks or trailers run while parked for temperature control (known as idling)—commonly for 40 to 60% of engine run time while at a home base distribution center. TRU engine idling is a sizable source of fuel consumption, causing air pollution, negative health effects, noise, and unnecessary cost. Electrification is a viable alternative to engine idling in TRUs parked at distribution centers, cold storage warehouses, truck stops, public rest areas, packing houses, terminals and other goods-movement facilities by adopting plug-in electric transport refrigeration units (eTRUs) with grid-supplied electricity. While electrification promises environmental and economic advantages over engine idling, adoption of eTRUs with grid-supplied electricity in the United States is slow. This paper presents results from a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency technical assistance pilot project to address market and behavior barriers of electrification of transport refrigeration to reduce TRU idling. The project findings revealed fleets often underestimate idling time and cost, while being skeptical about the long-term savings and benefits of electrification. The paper introduces a technical assistance approach to work with businesses to reduce operating costs while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions and toxic air pollution of temperature-controlled freight.

Health Physics Society Comments to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Reform Task Force

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joseph Ring ◽  
Edward Tupin ◽  
Deirdre Elder ◽  
Jerry Hiatt ◽  
Michael Sheetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Health Physics

scholarly journals A Review on Sustainable Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Gomasa Ramesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Mode Of Transportation

Any mode of transportation that is green and has a low environmental effect is considered sustainable transportation. It’s all about juggling our immediate and longterm interests when it comes to transportation. Rolling, riding, transit, carpooling, car sharing, and electric cars are also examples of urban mobility. Transportation is the single greatest cause of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Everyone can further reduce their adverse consequences by opting for efficient transportation instead of driving a vehicle. Transportation emits around a quarter of all pollution, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The typical automobile emits 4,720 kg of CO2 , 186.6 kilograms of CO, 28 kilograms of VOCs , and 25.6 kilograms of NOx .

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BIOPHILIC ON THE DESIGN OF SMART AQUAPONIC APARTMENTS IN SURABAYA

GESTALT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Sigit Firdaus Prayogi ◽  
Yazid Yazid
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Protection Agency

Urban people who have high mobility are starting to realize the importance of better environmental health by reducing air pollution so that they can reduce high stress levels. Being in the house, does not mean avoiding air pollution. According to the EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) or environmental protection agency in the United States, indoor air pollution is 2-5 times greater than outdoors. Then came the biophilic trend for urban communities by making their homes a comfortable and healthy place by using live plants as a lifestyle because they nourish the body both physically and psychologically. Limited residential areas such as apartments are starting to become the choice of urban communities because of good security, complete facilities, and easy parking and strategic locations. The problem of small residential land in apartments is a problem for users, so they tend to choose to use multifunctional products. The limited land also makes it difficult for the residents to channel their hobby of maintaining plants and pets, as a means of recreation and entertainment. Researchers try to analyze the need for multifunctional furniture that can channel the hobby of raising animals and plants, namely Smart Aquaponics; by not taking up a large space, having an attractive design and complete with automation features. This smart aquaponics research was conducted for apartment users who need a good living environment but have limited time to maintain it. This study tries to apply an automation system in Smart Aquaponik products that can help apartment residents to be able to have functional furniture that accommodates a biophilic lifestyle.

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