Picturing the Imperator: Passenger Shipping as Art and National Symbol in the German Empire

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
National Symbol ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
German People ◽  
Cologne Cathedral

The morning of May 23, 1912, witnessed the christening of a new German icon. For many Germans, it was a wonder of the modern age, a powerful symbol of the nation's achievements in industry, engineering, and technology. For others, it was the embodiment of all the evils wrought by political, social, and cultural transformation. Some said it expressed the character of the German people, in a manner similar to Cologne Cathedral and Sanssouci, the palace of Frederick the Great. But there were those who thought it “appeared as a typical manifestation of the new Germany, with its huckstering and obtrusive manners, more a snobbism than a symbol of German competence.” The Kaiser was fascinated by this expression of the ambition, ingenuity, and might of an Empire in which he believed power rested with himself, the Prussian nobility, and a powerful military complex. And yet Hamburg's mayor, Johann Heinrich Burchard, echoed the feelings of many when he described this new wonder as “above all … the product of a flourishing, self-conscious German middle class.” Although extolled as a symbol of German unity, Social Democrats denounced the modern leviathan as an expression of class inequality and lamented that ten men were killed and one hundred injured while constructing it. With this in mind, how could Germany be proud of what it had achieved?

Problems of Marriage and Self Surrender in The Novels of Shashi Deshpande

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dr. Indu Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
Shashi Deshpande ◽  
Middle Class People

Marriage is an important thing in the life of a woman. The importance that our society attaches to marriage is reflected in our literature and it is the central concern of Shashi Deshpade’s novels. In our society where girl learns early that she is ‘Paraya Dhan’, and she is her parents’ responsibility till the day she is handed over to her rightful owners. What a girl makes of her life, how she shapes herself as an individual, what profession she takes up is not as important as whom she marries. Marriage is the ultimate goal of a woman’s life. This paper attempts to probe into the problems of marriage through the protagonists of her novels where one enjoys the freedom of marriage and the other accepts the traditional marriage. Shashi Deshpade highlights the problems of marriage faced by middle-class people in finding suitable grooms for their daughters. This problem is well-illustrated through the characters of her novels. Since the girl’s mind over her childhood is tuned that she is another’s property, she tries to attach a lot of importance to it. it is indeed a tragedy that even in the modern age, Indian females echo the same sentiment where it was marriage which mattered most of them but not to the men. It is a beginning of females sacrifices in life that marriage brings to her. Shashi Deshpande encourages her female protagonists to rise in rebellion against the males in the family matters, instead she wants to build a harmonious relationship between man and woman in a mood of compromise and reconciliation.  

scholarly journals The role of biotechnology in the field of biomedical engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Meheta Datta ◽  
Farzana A Khan ◽  
Sangjukta Das ◽  
Shreyosee Saha ◽  
Ruhul A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Insect Cells ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Identical Nucleotide ◽  
Identical Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Day By Day

The modern age is an arena of interdisciplinary research and knowledge domain which involves versatile field of sciences to work cooperatively for the improvement of the mankind. Biotechnology is providing for more personalized healthcare and continued analysis of the human body. As biotechnology advances day by day, we have to uphold the pace to discover future medical applications of it. Biotechnology is a huge and rapidly growing field. Biomedical technology involves the application of engineering and technology principles to the domain of living or biological systems. Generally biomedical denotes larger stress on issues related to human health and diseases. Different kinds of live expression systems like plant or insect cells, transgenic animals, mammals, yeast, Escherichia coli and more are particularly beneficial because biotechnology-derived medicines from them. This type of expressed gene or protein incorporates the identical nucleotide sequence as endogenous form of humans. Application of biotechnology in different domain of biomedical fields has already brought about a substantial difference which denotes the superiority over traditional ways of treatment. It is very easy to understand that how biotechnology can be played a crucial role in medical purposes. This paper will try to highlight the glimpse of multifaceted application of biotechnology in different field as well as from different angle of application.

Introduction

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Lamberti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
School System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
School Law ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Church Affiliation

This study of the elementary school in Prussia began with the question of why the largest state in the German Empire, which had a government that was preoccupied with social and national integration and a political culture that was deeply affected by the ideology of nationalism, had a public elementary school system that served to reinforce religious particularism through its confessionally divided organization and its confessionally oriented textbooks and instruction. Confessional schooling remained the predominant form of elementary education for Catholics and Protestants in the Prussian state throughout the nineteenth century despite the changes that came in the wake of national unification, industrialization, and urbanization. Neither the secular school nor the interconfessional school providing a common educational experience for all children without distinction as to church affiliation ever took hold. The interconfessional school (the so-called Simultanschule), in which the Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant religions were taught to the pupils of each faith in separate classes as one subject in an otherwise religiously neutral curriculum, was the pedagogic ideal of a large number of schoolteachers in Prussia. They saw it as a means of diminishing church influence in the schools as well as promoting tolerance and social harmony in a confessionally segmented nation. When a school law was enacted in 1906 after more than fifty years of political controversy over the school question and abortive school bills, it categorized the interconfessional school as the exception to the rule. A legal seal was put on the prevailing practice of having children and teachers of one and the same faith in a school. Although the confessional public school under the supervision of school inspectors who were clergy by vocation appeared to the schoolteachers to be an anachronism in a modern society, it survived the revolution of 1918 and the efforts of the Socialists to abolish the instruction of religion in the schools. In the Weimar Republic the Social Democrats did not succeed in establishing a secular school system for the entire nation, and no more successful were the German Democrats who sought to make the interconfessional school the only legally valid norm.

scholarly journals We Forgot the Middle Class!: Inequality Underestimation in a Changing Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Clementi ◽  
A. L. Dabalen ◽  
Vasco Molini ◽  
Francesco Schettino
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals ‘Prophets in the pay of state’: The institutionalization of the middle-class habitus in schooling between 1880 and 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1066-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobe De Keere ◽  
Bram Spruyt
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
School Based ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Class Habitus

Although it is well established that contemporary school-based pedagogy continues to be primarily oriented towards a middle-class habitus, little research has documented how crucial elements of such habitus, like an expressive self-conception and emotional management, became integrated in the educational institute and its philosophy. Therefore, this article reconstructs how the current middle-class habitus was institutionalized and what type of personality structuring it eventually replaced. We study the shifts in pedagogical ideas, the role of education and the position of teachers and relate these to structural factors such as state-formation and changing class structures. We draw on the process-relational approach of Elias and Bourdieu and perform a content analysis of 480 pedagogical advice articles published in Flanders (Belgium) between 1880 and 2010, to demonstrate how a discourse of formalization and self-control has been substituted by a more informalized and expressive view. We conclude with a reflection on the impact of such an expressive pedagogical regime on the reproduction of class inequality.

scholarly journals ‘McDonald’s Music’ Versus ‘Serious Music’: How Production and Consumption Practices Help to Reproduce Class Inequality in the Classical Music Profession

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bull ◽  
Christina Scharff
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Music Production ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Shed Light

This article draws on two empirical studies on contemporary engagements with classical music in the United Kingdom to shed light on the ways in which class inequalities are reproduced in practices of production and consumption. It discusses three ways in which this occurs. First, classical music was ‘naturally’ practiced and listened to in middle-class homes but this was misrecognised by musicians who labelled families as ‘musical’ rather than as ‘middle class’. Second, the practices of classical music production and consumption such as the spaces used, the dress, and the modes of listening show similarities with middle-class culture. Third, musicians made judgements of value where classical music was seen as more valuable than other genres. This was particularly visible in studying production. In data on consumption, musicians were careful about making judgements of taste but described urban genres as illegible to them, or assessed them according to the criteria that they used to judge classical music, such as complexity and emotional depth. This hierarchy of value tended to remain unspoken and uncontested. Studying production and consumption together allows these patterns to emerge more clearly.

The Myth of the Pro-Colonialist SPD: German Social Democracy and Imperialism before World War I

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Uwe Guettel
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
World War ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Domestic Reform

In his seminalThe German Empire, published in German in 1973, historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler posited that in respect to the German Empire's colonial policies only the SPD, unlike all other political parties, “retained its capacity to take a critical view on matters of principle.” Moreover, in Wehler's view, the SPD's critical stance on this and many other political questions along with the party's massive electoral gains in the 1912 parliamentary elections precipitated a situation in the years immediately preceding the Great War that prompted the German Empire's “old elites” to bet increasingly on a major military conflict to solve the Empire's internal political tensions (“leap into darkness”). Thus in Wehler's view the Social Democrats contributed in no small part to Imperial Germany's perceived domestic crisis, which prompted the infamous “old elites” to choose war over domestic reform in 1914.

scholarly journals Pemekaran Daerah dan Terbentuknya Kelas Menengah (Baru) Papua

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ngurah Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
The Impact

<p>This article discusses the impact of territorial expansion on the socio-political structure among Papuans. The strategic issue of socio-economic and cultural transformation that is driven through territory expansion becomes hampered when new Papuan elites take over resources. The formation of a new social class, namely the new Papuan elites provided enormous political economy benefits in the expansion of the region. Strategic political positions and access toward development projects are tempting income. The presence of the new Papuan middle class is an important phenomenon in the midst of various development efforts for the welfare of the Papuan. Applying ethnographic approach this study aims to examine the process of the formation of Papuan elites as an impact of the dynamics of regional expansion, as well as the habitus of the presence of elites and strategy practiced in the community level.</p>

scholarly journals We Forgot the Middle Class! Inequality Underestimation in a Changing Sub-Saharan Africa

10.1596/33207 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Clementi ◽  
A.L. Dabalen ◽  
V. Molini ◽  
F. Schettino
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Sub Saharan

Nature and Aims of the National Socialist German Labor Party

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pinsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Lower State ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Class Environment ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
Personal Leadership ◽  
German People ◽  
Unskilled Laborer

The last election to the Reichstag brought the unexpected and rather extraordinary rise of the National Socialist German Labor party from twelve to 107 seats. It is the party of the extreme right. In nationalistic radicalism, it compares with the German National People's party, led by Hugenberg, much as in social radicalism the Communist party compares with the Social Democrats. Until recently, the National Socialists could be passed over as a negligible group of fanatics. But the party's present importance as the second strongest in the Reichstag, and the contradictory and confused ideas that are current about it, make worth while some inquiry into its nature and the causes of its rapid advance.To start with, the party differs from its rivals in that personal leadership and military discipline are at its foundations. Besides having contributed more than any other single man to the building up of the party, Adolf Hitler is also its leader in the strictest sense of the word. A few facts about his life may show how it was that he could become the exponent of so large a number of German people.Hitler was born in Austria in 1889 and until his fifteenth year lived in modest bourgeois surroundings, his father being a lower state official. This explains why he always has been, and still is, at heart a man of the middle classes. After the death of his parents, he was forced to earn his living as an unskilled laborer, and for some five years he lived the life of a proletarian among proletarians, completely cut off from his former middle-class environment.

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