Vergil, the Confiscations, and Caesar's Tenth Legion

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Land Settlement ◽  
Time Served ◽  
The Town

The relevance of the 1st and 9th Vergilian Eclogues to land settlement in Italy after Philippi has been discussed by many scholars. Questions such as the identity of Tityrus, Menalcas, and the youthfuldeusof Eclogue 1, and the eventual fate of the paternal farm, are the very stuff of Vergilian scholarship. It is possible to add an archaeological and epigraphic commentary on these events which may perhaps provide a more balanced framework for the continuing literary investigation of the poems.That Cremona was among the 18 prosperous cities selected before Philippi to be a reward for the time-served soldiery among the Triumviral legions is a clear and safe deduction from the Eclogues themselves. The decision to establish colonies was taken at Bononia in October 43, and colony commissioners were appointed at the same time (Dio 47. 14. 4). It is unlikely that they began work in earnest until the necessary victory had been won. These commissioners, sometimes and perhaps always with the titlepraefectus, acted as substitutes for the formaldeductores, the Triumvirs themselves. Thepraefectusfor Cremona is not directly attested.From the poems themselves and the scholiasts it might be thought that the arrival of the veterans to take possession was sudden and unannounced, adding to the shock felt by the owners (Ecl.9. 3–4; Serv.Proem.). In fact, the process of establishing a colony was carefully defined, and took considerable time. Firstly the commissioner, with a staff of surveyors and assistants, visited the town and set in motion the measurement of itsterritorium, the land on which the veterans would in due course be settled. Frequently the veterans expressed their dissatisfaction at the resulting time-lag (App. 3. 87; Plut.Ant.73; App. 5. 13 ff.).

A “Natural” Proposal for Addressing Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Long Time

One of the fundamental challenges of climate change is that we contribute to it increment by increment, and experience it increment by increment after a considerable time lag. As a consequence, it is very difficult to see what we are doing to ourselves, to future generations, and to the living planet as a whole. There are monumental ethical issues involved, but they are obscured by the incremental nature of the process and the long time frame before reaching the concentration of greenhouse gases and the ensuing accumulation of radiant heat—and consequent climate change—that ensues.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF BRYOZOANS IN VARIOUS FACIES OF EMSIAN SALAIR FORMATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ольга Мезенцева ◽  
Olga Mezentseva ◽  
Юрий Удодов ◽  
Yurii Udodov
Keyword(s):  
Large Time ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Stratigraphic Unit ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Town

<p>The article analyzes the facial dissimilarity of bryozoans of the Emsian Stage near the town of Gyr’evsk. The bryozoans associations have been found in all types of facies, except the sand-mudstone one. In the littoral facies (bioclastic limestones with subordinate sand-mud-siltstones rock) the bryozoans are represented by the orders of <em>Trepostomida, Fenestellida, Cryptostomida, Cystoporida</em>, but treposomides predominate (63 % of the total number of species). After the littoral facies turn into the facies of the open lagoon (mudstones with subordinate limestones), only trepostomides are represented in the Emsian section, near the boundary, forming the Briozoan interbeds. Briozoan interbeds consist of the fragments of Neotrematopora salairiensis colonies. The restoration of species and genus diversity in new facies occurs relatively quickly. In comparison with trepostomides, representatives of other orders appear with a large time-lag. Under the conditions of an open lagoon, bryozoans are characterized mainly by branched bifoliate colonies. In the slope facies (bedded limestones), characterized by greater depths and low hydrodynamics, fennestellids dominate (58 % of the total number of species). Trepostomides and cystoporides in these facies are represented by species with thick-branched and massive branched colonies. When the facies of bedded limestones change to sandy-mudstones (the beginning of the regression), the fenestellids also form Briozoan interbeds near the boundary. In the lateral rows of the facies of a single stratigraphic unit, several facial associations of bryozoans are often found. The species of bryozoans characteristic of this stratigraphic level are present in all associations. The unity of the Emsian complex of bryozoans is expressed in the gradual change of their associations upwards the section (three Briozoanbiostratigraphic Zones have been <span>identified).</span></p>

scholarly journals Symposium 1: Overnutrition: consequences and solutions Foresight Report: the obesity challenge ahead

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kopelman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Integrated Policy

Successfully tackling obesity is a long-term commitment. Current levels of obesity in the population have been ≥30 years in the making. Not only will this position take time to reverse but there will be a considerable time lag before health and economic benefits are achieved through reductions in the morbidity from obesity-related diseases. There is clear evidence that policies aimed only at individuals will be inadequate and that increasing small-scale interventions will not suffice. Major action to prevent excess weight gain at a population level is required. The Foresight Report has confirmed that a ‘whole system’ approach is critical. This approach will require a broad portfolio of integrated policy responses including both national and local measures. This strategy requires action by government, both central and local, industry and communities and by families and the societies in which they live.

Adaptations of Coleoptera to the marine environment. I. Observations on rove beetles (Staphylinidae) from sandy beaches

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2464-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Topp ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Time Required

The sandy beaches of British Columbia are inhabited by a small number (11 species) of indigenous Staphylinidae which live near the drift line in the mid to upper littoral zone. They prefer fine-grained sandy beaches and most species feed on other intertidal invertebrates. All species investigated survived submersion in seawater by becoming quiescent, thereby reducing their metabolic rate. Oxygen consumption in seawater was greatly reduced. On re-exposure to air, a large overshoot in oxygen consumption occurred (in Thinopinus pictus), signifying a prior oxygen debt. In Cafius canescens, Cafius seminitens, and Hadrotes crassus the time required to reach full recovery was directly related to the duration of submersion, with 50% mortality in the population when recovery time exceeded 25 min. At a seawater temperature of 10 °C, LT50 was reached at 12–16 h submersion and at 20 °C, after 6.5 h. In Thinopinus pictus, however, recovery time was independent of duration of submersion, although the mortality curves were almost the same as for the three previously mentioned species, with LT50 occurring at 13 h at 10 °C and 7–8.5 h at 20 °C. Bledius monstratus showed symptoms of oxygen depletion only after a considerable time lag. Experimental submersion of this beetle resulted in an LT50 of 18 h at 20 °C.

scholarly journals Selective resistance to desiccation of nuclear ribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated nuclei of Artemia salina embryos during pre-emergence development

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Chaffoy ◽  
M Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Isolated Nuclei

The developing gastrula embryos of Artemia salina are resistant to a complete redesiccation during a period of pre-emergence development. Isolated nuclei from these dehydrated embryos could retain a transcriptional activity in vitro comparable with that of non-desiccated controls. On the other hand, redesiccation of both prenauplii and nauplii completely destroys their viability as well as the nuclear transcriptional activity. However, those gastrula embryos that did not develop in a first incubation period could remain viable and develop with a considerable time-lag after a subsequent second incubation.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Retrospective Facebook Content Collection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Bachl
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Collection Date

The content on Facebook pages is obviously subject to changes. However, there is often a considerable time lag between the sampling period and the collection date in studies on public Facebook communication. The present evaluation study aims to assess whether - and if so, how - problematic this common practice is in terms of unavailable content. I investigated whether a sample of content items, which were posted to 408 German political Facebook pages in March 2017, could be retrospectively collected in June 2017, September 2017, and March 2018. 27% of the 132,068 test items were no longer accessible after 12 months. The deletion of complete pages was rare, but some prominent pages were not available retrospectively. Posts by the pages themselves were far more likely to be available compared to content, which was posted by private accounts to the pages. There were only small differences between the political parties, but there was substantial variation between the distinct pages. I conclude with a discussion of implications for single research projects (applying timely data collection whenever possible) and for communication research and related disciplines (considering institutionalized data collection efforts).

A new approach to the Council's yearbooks

1974 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-613
Author(s):  
Larry L. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Costs Of Production

Members of the NCTM are certainly famili-ar with the excellent volumes produced as the Council's yearbooks. These yearbooks continue to serve as significant references throughout the varied facets of mathematical education. The dedicated leadership of the yearbook editors and the unselfish contributions of many authors have assured the high quality we have come to expect as each of the thirtyseven yearbooks has been released. Long and meticulous planning and production have often resulted in a considerable time lag between the inception of a theme and the presentation to the Council by the editor at an annual meeting. At the same time, the costs of production have increased, driving up the price paid by member. Acting under its charge, the Publications Committee has kept a close watch on these developments.

Efficacy of a Novel Cloud-Centric Internet of Things Based Framework for Victim Localization in Context of Disaster Situation in Large Commercial Complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4604-4611
Author(s):  
Preetinder Singh Brar ◽  
Jaiteg Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Post Disaster

This work presents an early concept of a framework that is suitable for emergency response teams engaged in indoor rescue/evacuation operations in post-disaster scenarios. Such a concept warrants availability of information regarding the count of persons trapped inside the buildings at different locations, and at different floors of a large commercial building. Although appreciable research has been done to improve disaster management using Internet of Things (IoT), yet most of those studies are aimed at disaster management in open spaces usually spanning the large geographical areas ranging from a city to several hundreds of miles. This paper presents a framework that relies on IoT devices to transmit data to the cloud, based on which the rescue operations can be initiated without any considerable time lag. The systems based on the proposed framework could also be used to assist the rescue teams during the rescue operations by providing the real-time updates of the vital parameters inside the disaster-struck buildings.

scholarly journals II.—On the Highest Coal-measures or “Zone” of Anthracomya Phillipsi in the Durham Coalfield

1919 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Trechmann ◽  
D. Woolacott
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
The Town ◽  
North And South

It has been known for some considerable time that the highest beds of the Northumberland and Durham Coalfield lie approximately beneath the town of Sunderland. The great syncline of the Coalmeasures of this area is distinctly accentuated in North-East Durham, so that a secondary basin-like depression is formed, in the centre of which these high beds occur. Beneath Sunderland, -where the top layers also exist, the Carboniferous rocks are concealed by the overlying Permian strata, but at a place called Claxheugh on the Wear, about two miles west of Sunderland, the Coal-measures are exposed for a short distance on both the north and south banks of the river.

scholarly journals Mletački kaštel u Zadru

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Emil Hilje
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Served ◽  
Venetian Republic ◽  
The Town

The medieval fortifications of Zadar were developed and enriched during the centuries as a consequence of changes in the entire defensive system of the town but also due to the political circumstances. Two main forts stood on opposite parts of the town, one facing away from the sea, next to the entrance from the moat (Foša) in the south corner, and the other at the entrance to the harbour in the north corner of the town. The information about the original fort next to the harbour entrance, which defended the chain barring enemy ships from entering the harbour, is scarce. However, after the famous Venetian siege and fall of Zadar in 1346, this fort was completely rebuilt and even given a new role. In 1437, the Venetian government decided to pierce the town walls and excavate a moat around the fortification, which would be filled with sea water, in order to create an open space around the fortification facing the town for defensive reasons. In other words, the nearby houses were torn down. In such a way the fortification, rather than being a fort which protects the town from external attacks,  became a fort in which the Venetian crew could, in case of a new rebellion, fight off the attacks from the town itself, receive supplies from the sea, and enable its fleet to enter the town harbour. In this way the Venetian fortification at Zadar became a variant of sorts of ancient citadels which represented the last line of defence in the cases when the enemies reach the town itself, and, at the same time, served as a stronghold of the ruling governments against the town. The relief of the winged lion, symbol of the Venetian Republic, incorporated in the façade of the ‘Little Armory’, is one of the best reliefs of that type at Zadar, and it can be dated to mid-fifteenth century and brought into connection with a group of artists from the circle of Juraj Dalmatinac.

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