Nitrogen Application for Short-Term Forages in Saudi Arabia. II. Summer Annuals: Maize, Proso Millet and Foxtail Millet

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
R. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Maize Variety

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer requirements and potential forage yield of maize and two millet types grown under irrigation in Saudi Arabia were assessed. Nitrogen application at 50 kg/ha produced mean yields of up to 15.7 t/ha in maize variety Pioneer H.3147. Splitting the nitrogen application did not significantly affect yield. Nitrogen above 100 kg/ha did not significantly increase DM yield of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Mean total DM yields of 17.6 t/ha of Setaria italica were produced, after 111 days, with 150–200 kg/ha of nitrogen; 150 kg/ha of P2O5 produced a mean DM yield 7.9% higher than 75 kg P2O5/ha.

Nitrogen Application for Short-Term Forages in Saudi Arabia. I. Winter Annuals: Wheat, Oats and Italian Ryegrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
R. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Winter Annuals

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer requirements and potential forage yield of wheat, oats and Italian ryegrass grown under irrigation in Saudi Arabia were assessed. Mexipak wheat produced high DM yields with between 100 and 150 kg/ha N, and the mode of nitrogen application did not significantly affect DM outputs. Nitrogen at 150 kg/ha produced highest DM yields for oats, although the application of 50% of irrigation requirement as drainage water reduced yield by 8%. Italian ryegrass produced a mean yield of 14.6 t/ha in 169 days with a nitrogen application of 60 kg/ha; direct drilled on a field scale it yielded 8.76 t/DM/ha with a total application of 270 kg N/ha.

Phytotoxicity of Trifluralin Vapors from Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Swann ◽  
Richard Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Exposure

Foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet(Panicum miliaceumL. ‘White’) seedlings were grown in glass units to expose selectively either roots or shoots to vapors arising from soil containinga,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). The root and shoot growth of both species was inhibited by trifluralin vapors. Suppression of root and shoot growth increased as trifluralin application rates increased. In shoot exposure, vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluralin were lethal to seedlings of both species. In root exposure, root growth of both species was severely suppressed at 20 ppmw, but shoot growth was unaffected. Phytotoxic effects resulting from a given concentration of trifluralin were more severe as greater carrier volumes were used for application. Trifluralin vapors arising from soil 16 to 22 days after treatment were still sufficient to cause shoot growth inhibition.

Drought-tolerance mechanisms in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) under different nitrogen supply and sowing dates

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Nematpour ◽  
Hamid Reza Eshghizadeh ◽  
Morteza Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought stress is one of the main limitations to crop growth and yield. Efficient nitrogen (N) nutrition may moderate the negative effects of drought stress on plants through retention of metabolic activities. The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical responses of two millet species, foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), under two irrigation regimes (based on 55% and 85% soil-water depletion) and two N fertiliser levels (0 and 112.5 kg N ha–1) at four sowing dates (22 June and 6 July 2015, 14 and 30 June 2016). Drought stress increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and other aldehyde contents of the plants, ultimately leading to 52% and 55% reductions in grain yield in foxtail millet and proso millet, respectively. Antioxidant activities showed significant increases under drought stress. Nitrogen application decreased H2O2, MDA and other aldehyde contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes, whereas it increased chlorophyll, carotenoid, phenolic compound and proline contents as well as grain yield. Higher grain yields were obtained with early planting dates under sufficient water supply, whereas superior yields were obtained with delayed planting dates under water stress owing to lower temperatures and evaporation rates. The results suggest that N application could mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on millet plants by promoting osmoregulation, alleviating lipid peroxidation, and improving plant physiological traits. Foxtail millet had higher antioxidant potential than proso millet, resulting in greater capacity to inhibit production of free oxygen radicals and making it the more drought-tolerant species.

scholarly journals Phytoliths Analysis for the Discrimination of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) and Common Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e4448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houyuan Lu ◽  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Naiqin Wu ◽  
Kam-biu Liu ◽  
Deke Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum

Yield Increases in Summer Cereal Crops in Israeli Fields Inoculated with Azospirillum

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kapulnik ◽  
S. Sarig ◽  
I. Nur ◽  
Y. Okon ◽  
J. Kigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Value

SUMMARYInoculatingZea mays(three cultivars),Sorghum bicolor, Panicum miliaceumandSetaria italicawith nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azospirillum in Northern Negev and Bet Shean Valley field experiments resulted in significant increases in yield of grain and foliage of commercial value. It was concluded that inoculating summer cereal crops in Israel may save valuable nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Association analysis between agronomic traits and AFLP markers in a wide germplasm of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under normal and salinity stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yazdizadeh ◽  
Leila Fahmideh ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
Babak Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Proso Millet

Abstract Background Proso millet is a highly nutritious cereal considered an essential component of processed foods. It is also recognized with high water-use efficiency as well as short growing seasons. This research was primarily aimed at investigating the genetic diversity among genotypes based on evaluating those important traits proposed in previous researches under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Use of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers as well as evaluating the association between markers and the investigated traits under both conditions was also another purpose of this research. Results According to the phenotypic correlation coefficients, the seed yield had the highest correlation with the forage and biological yields under both conditions. By disintegrating those traits investigated under normal and salinity-stress conditions into principal component analysis, it was found that the first four principal components justified more than 59.94 and 62.48% of the whole variance, respectively. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis displayed three groups of genotypes under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Then, association analyses were conducted on 143 proso millet genotypes and 15 agronomic traits as well as 514 polymorphic AFLP markers (out of 866 created bands) generated by 11 primer combinations (out of the initial 20 primer combinations) EcoRI/MseI. The results obtained by mixed linear model (MLM) indicated that under normal conditions, the M14/E10–45 and M14/E10–60 markers had strong associations with seed yield. A similar trend was also observed for M14/E10–45 and M14/E11–44 markers in relation to forage yield. On the other hand, M14/E10–14, M14/E10–64 markers (for seed yield) and M14/E10–64 marker (for forage yield), had significant and stable association in all environments under salinity-stress conditions. Moreover, a number of markers showed considerable associations and stability under both normal and salinity stress conditions. Conclusions According to the analysis of phenotypic data, the wide germplasm of Iranian proso millet has significant variation in terms of measured traits. It can be concluded that markers showing strong associations with traits under salinity-stress conditions are suitable candidates to be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) studies to improve salinity-resistance genotypes of Panicum miliaceum in arid and semiarid areas.

Crop Response to Fallow Applications of Atrazine and Clomazone

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Randy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Crop Selection ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
No Till

The response of oat, foxtail millet, proso millet, and sunflower to atrazine and clomazone applied the previous fall was investigated two years in field studies near Akron, CO and Sidney, NE. Foxtail millet biomass, and proso millet and sunflower grain yields were not reduced when these crops were seeded into soil that had been treated the previous fall with atrazine and/or clomazone at rates of 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha. Forage yield of oat was reduced 11 to 18% by some treatments, but this effect was not consistent over years or sites. Treatments containing 1.1 kg/ha of atrazine provided 1 to 5 wk of residual weed control in foxtail millet, proso millet, and sunflower. The study indicated that producers have flexibility in crop selection when using atrazine and clomazone in reduced- and no-till production systems.

Plant Macro-Remains and Traces of Leaves from Virje and Hlebine

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Renata Šoštarić ◽  
Tihana Vilović
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Late Iron Age

During years of archaeological research of mediaeval settlements and Late Antique and mediaeval smelting workshops in the area of Podravina, archaeobotanical samples were collected from the following sites: Hlebine – Dedanovice (H-Ded), Hlebine – Velike Hlebine (H-VH), Virje – Volarski breg (V-VB), and Virje – Sušine (V-Suš). They include fruits, seeds, and leaf imprints/remains. Despite the relatively large number of samples, only a small number of finds was found. It mostly consisted of non-carbonized plant remains from various species of weed and ruderal plants, that most likely represent recent contamination. Of the few carbonized finds, the most significant are the remains of cereals preserved in a rather poor condition: proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), spelt (Triticum spelta) and naked wheat (Triticum aestivum group), and fragmented and damaged remains of large-grain cereals (Cerealia). Due to the small number of archaeobotanical finds originating from the archaeological formations dated into the wide period from the Late Iron Age to the Early Modern Age, nothing can be said in more detail about the diet, agriculture, or other activities of the population of Virje and Hlebine during individual archaeological and historical periods. In general, it can be concluded, taking into account other sites from the area of Podravina (Torčec and Virovitica Kiškorija jug), that different types of cereals, such as wheat/spelt (Triticum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), formed the basis of the daily diet of the population of Podravina throughout various investigated periods, probably in combination with legumes, and that they were grown in the vicinity of the settlement. Finds of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) suggest that wine also had a significant place in the past of Podravina. At the position of Virje – Sušine, in Trench S-7, SU 314, a smelting furnace hearth wall fragment with a leaf imprint was found. The imprint most probably belongs to black alder (Alnus glutinosa) and dates from the period of Late Antiquity (late 4th/early 5th century). At the position of Hlebine – Velike Hlebine, in Trench S-2, SU 102, a partially fossilized leaf was found in the slag from the period of the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Since the sample was too small, it could not be identified with certainty.

Variation and Correlation Analysis of Hay Forage Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.]

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-807
Author(s):  
Hui ZHI ◽  
Zhen-Gang NIU ◽  
Guan-Qing JIA ◽  
Yang CHAI ◽  
Wei LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Quality Traits
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