scholarly journals Association analysis between agronomic traits and AFLP markers in a wide germplasm of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under normal and salinity stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yazdizadeh ◽  
Leila Fahmideh ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
Babak Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Proso Millet

Abstract Background Proso millet is a highly nutritious cereal considered an essential component of processed foods. It is also recognized with high water-use efficiency as well as short growing seasons. This research was primarily aimed at investigating the genetic diversity among genotypes based on evaluating those important traits proposed in previous researches under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Use of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers as well as evaluating the association between markers and the investigated traits under both conditions was also another purpose of this research. Results According to the phenotypic correlation coefficients, the seed yield had the highest correlation with the forage and biological yields under both conditions. By disintegrating those traits investigated under normal and salinity-stress conditions into principal component analysis, it was found that the first four principal components justified more than 59.94 and 62.48% of the whole variance, respectively. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis displayed three groups of genotypes under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Then, association analyses were conducted on 143 proso millet genotypes and 15 agronomic traits as well as 514 polymorphic AFLP markers (out of 866 created bands) generated by 11 primer combinations (out of the initial 20 primer combinations) EcoRI/MseI. The results obtained by mixed linear model (MLM) indicated that under normal conditions, the M14/E10–45 and M14/E10–60 markers had strong associations with seed yield. A similar trend was also observed for M14/E10–45 and M14/E11–44 markers in relation to forage yield. On the other hand, M14/E10–14, M14/E10–64 markers (for seed yield) and M14/E10–64 marker (for forage yield), had significant and stable association in all environments under salinity-stress conditions. Moreover, a number of markers showed considerable associations and stability under both normal and salinity stress conditions. Conclusions According to the analysis of phenotypic data, the wide germplasm of Iranian proso millet has significant variation in terms of measured traits. It can be concluded that markers showing strong associations with traits under salinity-stress conditions are suitable candidates to be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) studies to improve salinity-resistance genotypes of Panicum miliaceum in arid and semiarid areas.

Nitrogen Application for Short-Term Forages in Saudi Arabia. II. Summer Annuals: Maize, Proso Millet and Foxtail Millet

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
R. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Maize Variety

SUMMARYNitrogen fertilizer requirements and potential forage yield of maize and two millet types grown under irrigation in Saudi Arabia were assessed. Nitrogen application at 50 kg/ha produced mean yields of up to 15.7 t/ha in maize variety Pioneer H.3147. Splitting the nitrogen application did not significantly affect yield. Nitrogen above 100 kg/ha did not significantly increase DM yield of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum). Mean total DM yields of 17.6 t/ha of Setaria italica were produced, after 111 days, with 150–200 kg/ha of nitrogen; 150 kg/ha of P2O5 produced a mean DM yield 7.9% higher than 75 kg P2O5/ha.

Comparison of teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) and inter-subspecific hybrids (Zea mays L.×Zea mexicana) for high forage yield under two sowing regimes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Akram Khan Niazi ◽  
Saeed Rauf ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Hassan Munir
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Biomass Plant

This study was undertaken to evaluate the response of teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) and intersubspecific hybrids to heat stress, in particular productivity. Unlike maize (Zea mays L.), teosinte demonstrated thermophilic properties, namely lower heat injury, sustained chlorophyll content under heat stress (36−45°C) and high percentage survival of seedlings (at 55°C). Teosinte also had the ability to produce large plant biomass (27% and 55% higher yield than maize under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively) and therefore could be exploited as a forage crop. However, teosinte forage had low animal intake (1.48 kg day–1) because of high pubescence density (10.38 view–1) and low sweetness (9.90°Brix). There was a high percentage of heterosis in variable intersubspecific crosses and traits, and a high magnitude of over-dominance for many traits, for example 5.93–7.06 for total biomass plant–1. Hybrids showed additional advantages, including high oil (20% and 4%) and protein (14% and 25%) contents compared with teosinte under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively. Moreover, inter-subspecific hybrids were also resistant to heat stress, with the capacity for sustaining growth for a longer period (20% and 33% higher than maize under non-stressed and stress conditions, respectively). Genetic distance between parents—calculated from stable agronomic traits—could be used to select parents for high heterosis under both heat stress and non-stressed conditions.

Association analysis for seed yield, forage yield and traits related to drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Abtahi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Fatemeh Saeidnia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Polycross designs bridge the two usual mapping approaches (bi-parental mapping and association analysis) and increase mapping power by incorporating greater genetic diversity. In this study, we used diverse genotypes selected from polycrossed progenies to identify marker loci associated with a set of seed- and forage-related traits as well as drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Associations were estimated between phenotypic traits and 923 DNA markers (including 446 inter-simple sequence repeats and 477 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers). Positive relationship was found between forage yield and seed yield under normal and water-stress conditions, indicating that simultaneous improvement of seed and forage yield could be achieved in orchardgrass. The results of population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal and water-stress conditions, respectively, 341 and 359 markers were significantly associated with the studied traits. Most of these markers were associated with more than one trait. Water-environment specificity of trait-associated markers indicates that genotype × environment interactions influence association analysis. However, 75 stable associations were identified across two moisture conditions for traits such as seed and forage yield. Marker–trait association revealed that markers M1/E1-5, M2/E6-5, M3/E4-6, P14-7 and P845-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance index. The identified marker alleles associated with multiple traits across environments may be considered for further analysis for their chromosome locations, the corresponding sequences and their potential functions.

scholarly journals Assessment of silver-stained AFLP markers for studying DNA polymorphism in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Décio Karam ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Scott J. Niessen ◽  
Sarah M. Ward ◽  
José Edson Fontes Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet

scholarly journals Association Analysis of Molecular Markers with Essential Agronomic Traits under Normal and Salt Stress in Wide Germplasm of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yazdizadeh ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Leila Fahmideh ◽  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arid And Semiarid Areas ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

Abstract Food security and nutrition concerns are putting an ancient, climate-smart grain back on our plates; Farm to fork, there has been a revival of interest in millet. Foxtail millet, as a multi-purpose product, has nutritious and medicinal potentials. This research is aimed at identifying combined markers as well as stable associations between such markers and the investigated agronomic traits in a wide range of foxtail millet germplasms under normal and salinity-stress conditions. In this context, association analysis has been conducted among 14 agronomic traits and 331 polymorphic AFLP markers generated by 12 primer combinations in 134 foxtail millet genotypes. Based on the analysis of population structure, the foxtail millet genotypes were divided into six subpopulations. The results showed that a number of markers had stable and significant associations under both normal and salinity-stress conditions with agronomic traits. The primer combinations had high polymorphic percentage, diversity indices were highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Their PIC, MI and Shannon’s indices were also highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Since the markers introduced in this research have stable and strong associations with the investigated traits under normal and salinity stress conditions, they can be suitable candidates’ in future marker-assisted breeding to improve salinity- resistance genotypes of foxtail millet in arid and semiarid areas.

scholarly journals Variability in the Global Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Germplasm Collection Conserved at the ICRISAT Genebank

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Vetriventhan ◽  
Vania C.R. Azevedo ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
D. Naresh
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Pairwise Distance ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Broomcorn Millet ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), also known as common millet or broomcorn millet, is an important ancient crop mostly grown for food, feed, and fodder purposes largely in China, Russia, India, and the USA. It is an under-researched and under-utilized crop. Over 29,000 germplasm accessions have been conserved in genebanks globally. Five races (miliaceum, patentissimum, contractum, compactum, ovatum) have been recognized in proso millet based on panicle morphology and shape. The genebank at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics conserves 849 accessions of proso millet originating from 30 countries and represents all five races. Characterization of these germplasm accessions revealed large variability for morpho-agronomic traits, including for days to 50% flowering (26 to 50 days), plant height (20 to 133 cm), and inflorescence length (22 to 400 mm). On average, the race miliaceum was tall (62 cm) with long panicles (209 mm) and ovatum had short plants (46 cm) with small panicles (108 mm). The average Gower’s distance based on 18 morpho-agronomic traits on 841 accessions was 0.261. The race miliaceum had the highest among accessions within race average pairwise distance (0.254), while the distance was the lowest in ovatum (0.192). The races miliaceum and ovatum showed the highest divergence with each other (0.275), while the lowest divergence was observed between compactum and ovatum (0.229). Trait-specific sources were identified for early maturity, tall plants, long inflorescences, and greater seed size. The information on variability and trait-specific sources identified could potentially support proso millet improvement.

scholarly journals Phylogeography and Antioxidant Activity of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Myung Chul Lee ◽  
Yu-Mi Choi ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Seahee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) or broomcorn millet is among the most important food crops to be domesticated by humans; it is widely distributed in America, Europe, and Asia. In this study, we genotyped 578 accessions of P. miliaceum using 37 single-sequence repeat (SSR) markers, to study the genetic diversity and population structure of each accession. We also investigated total phenolic content (TPC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and performed association analysis using SSR markers. The results showed that genetic diversity and genetic distance were related to geographic location and the fixation index (Fst). Population structure analysis divided the population into three subpopulations. Based on 3 subpopulations, the population is divided into six clusters in consideration of geographical distribution characteristics and agronomic traits. Based on the genetic diversity, population structure, pairwise Fst, and gene flow analyses, we described the topological structure of the six proso millet subpopulations, and the geographic distribution and migration of each cluster. Comparison of the published cluster (cluster 1) with unique germplasms in Japan and South Korea suggested Turkey as a possible secondary center of origin and domestication (cluster 3) for the cluster. We also discovered a cluster domesticated in Nepal (cluster 6) that is adapted to high-latitude and high-altitude cultivation conditions. Differences in phenotypic characteristics, such as TPC, were observed between the clusters. The association analysis showed that TPC was associated with SSR-31, which explained 7.1% of the total variance, respectively. The development of markers associated with TPC and SOD will provide breeders with new tools to improve the quality of proso millet through marker-assisted selection.

Mapping QTLs for morpho-agronomic traits in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh G. Rajput ◽  
Dipak K. Santra ◽  
James Schnable
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Proso Millet

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Agronomic Traits of 80 Accessions of Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under Mediterranean Pedoclimatic Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Alessandro Calamai ◽  
Alberto Masoni ◽  
Lorenzo Marini ◽  
Matteo Dell’acqua ◽  
Paola Ganugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
World Population ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Days To Maturity

The continuous increase in the world population and the associated food demands in the wake of climate change are pushing for the development and cultivation of climate-resilient crops that are able to efficiently use natural resources. Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) might be a promising candidate crop thanks to its heat stress resistance and its limited water demand. To date, one of the most important strategies to increase grain yield and to improve other agronomic important traits is through an efficient breeding program based on a wide genetic variability of parental germplasm. In this study, we evaluated the agronomical traits of a world collection of 80 P. miliaceum accessions. The entire collection was evaluated over a 2 year field experiment under Mediterranean pedoclimatic conditions, which exhibited a wide range of variability for plant height (25–111 cm), grain yield (842–3125 kg ha−1), total dry biomass (2767–10,627 kg ha−1), harvest index (HI; 0.25–0.35), Growing Degree Days (GDDs; 581–899), and days to maturity (80–111 d). A non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (Np-MANOVA) analysis indicated that GDDs to flowering, grain yield, total dry biomass, days to maturity, plant height, and seed yield per plant were useful parameters to differentiate the germplasm accessions. High heritability (>0.60) was observed in both years for plant height, leaf number, basal tiller, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight, GDDs to flowering, and days to maturity. Grain yield, total dry biomass, and HI reported moderate heritability (0.30–0.60). The findings reported in the present study may provide valuable information that could support researchers in breeding programs to develop high grain-yielding accessions.

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