scholarly journals The IGF2-intron3-G3072A substitution explains a major imprinted QTL effect on backfat thickness in a Meishan×European white pig intercross

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
BART J. JUNGERIUS ◽  
ANNE-SOPHIE VAN LAERE ◽  
MARINUS F. W. TE PAS ◽  
BERNARD A. VAN OOST ◽  
LEIF ANDERSSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Quantitative Trait Nucleotide ◽  
Large White ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Major Qtl ◽  
Made In

A paternally expressed QTL for muscle growth and backfat thickness (BFT) has previously been identified near the IGF2 locus on the distal tip of pig chromosome 2 (SSC2p) in three experimental F2 populations. Recently, a mutation in a regulatory element of the IGF2 gene was identified as the quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) underlying the major QTL effect on muscle growth and BFT in crosses between Large White and Wild Boar or Pietrain. This study demonstrates that the IGF2 mutation also controls the paternally expressed QTL for backfat thickness in a cross between Meishan and European Whites. In addition, a comparison of QTL of backfat thickness measured by Hennessy grading probe (HGP) and by ultrasound measurement (USM) was made. In the USM analyses, the IFG2 mutation explains the entire QTL effect on SSC2p, whereas in the HGP analysis the presence of a second minor QTL can not be excluded. Finally, this study shows that this particular IGF2 mutation does not cause the paternally expressed QTL for teat number mapping to the same region of SSC2p as the BFT QTL.

scholarly journals Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Backfat Thickness and Intramuscular Fat Content in Pigs (Sus scrofa)

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 1679-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J de Koning ◽  
Luc L G Janss ◽  
Annemieke P Rattink ◽  
Pieter A M van Oers ◽  
Beja J de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Line Cross ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

Abstract In an experimental cross between Meishan and Dutch Large White and Landrace lines, 619 F2 animals and their parents were typed for molecular markers covering the entire porcine genome. Associations were studied between these markers and two fatness traits: intramuscular fat content and backfat thickness. Association analyses were performed using interval mapping by regression under two genetic models: (1) an outbred line-cross model where the founder lines were assumed to be fixed for different QTL alleles; and (2) a half-sib model where a unique allele substitution effect was fitted within each of the 19 half-sib families. Both approaches revealed for backfat thickness a highly significant QTL on chromosome 7 and suggestive evidence for a QTL at chromosome 2. Furthermore, suggestive QTL affecting backfat thickness were detected on chromosomes 1 and 6 under the line-cross model. For intramuscular fat content the line-cross approach showed suggestive evidence for QTL on chromosomes 2, 4, and 6, whereas the half-sib analysis showed suggestive linkage for chromosomes 4 and 7. The nature of the QTL effects and assumptions underlying both models could explain discrepancies between the findings under the two models. It is concluded that both approaches can complement each other in the analysis of data from outbred line crosses.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Encoding the Selenium-Free [NiFe]-Hydrogenases in the Archaeon Methanococcus voltae Involves Positive and Negative Control Elements

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 1335-1341
Author(s):  
Izabela Noll ◽  
Steffen Müller ◽  
Albrecht Klein
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Negative Regulation ◽  
Negative Regulatory Element ◽  
Methanococcus Voltae ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Made In

Abstract Methanococcus voltae harbors genetic information for two pairs of homologous [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Two of the enzymes contain selenocysteine, while the other two gene groups encode apparent isoenzymes that carry cysteinyl residues in the homologous positions. The genes coding for the selenium-free enzymes, frc and vhc, are expressed only under selenium limitation. They are transcribed out of a common intergenic region. A series of deletions made in the intergenic region localized a common negative regulatory element for the vhc and frc promoters as well as two activator elements that are specific for each of the two transcription units. Repeated sequences, partially overlapping the frc promoter, were also detected. Mutations in these repeated heptanucleotide sequences led to a weak induction of a reporter gene under the control of the frc promoters in the presence of selenium. This result suggests that the heptamer repeats contribute to the negative regulation of the frc transcription unit.

scholarly journals The Association of an SNP in the EXOC4 Gene and Reproductive Traits Suggests Its Use as a Breeding Marker in Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Yingting He ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhou ◽  
Rongrong Zheng ◽  
Yao Jiang ◽  
Zhixiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Potential Binding ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Myeloid Zinc Finger

In mammals, the exocyst complex component 4 (EXOC4) gene has often been reported to be involved in vesicle transport. The SNP rs81471943 (C/T) is located in the intron of porcine EXOC4, while six quantitative trait loci (QTL) within 5–10 Mb around EXOC4 are associated with ovary weight, teat number, total offspring born alive, and corpus luteum number. However, the molecular mechanisms between EXOC4 and the reproductive performance of pigs remains to be elucidated. In this study, rs81471943 was genotyped from a total of 994 Duroc sows, and the genotype and allele frequency of SNP rs81471943 (C/T) were statistically analyzed. Then, the associations between SNP rs81471943 and four reproductive traits, including number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB), number of piglets weaned (NW), and litter weight at weaning (LWW), were determined. Sanger sequencing and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were utilized to identify the rs81471943 genotype. We found that the genotype frequency of CC was significantly higher than that of CT and TT, and CC was the most frequent genotype for NBA, LWB, NW, and LWW. Moreover, 5′-deletion and luciferase assays identified a positive transcription regulatory element in the EXOC4 promoter. After exploring the EXOC4 promoter, SNP −1781G/A linked with SNP rs81471943 (C/T) were identified by analysis of the transcription activity of the haplotypes, and SNP −1781 G/A may influence the potential binding of P53, E26 transformation specific sequence -like 1 transcription factor (ELK1), and myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1). These findings provide useful information for identifying a molecular marker of EXOC4-assisted selection in pig breeding.

Associations of QTL Region Genes of Chromosome 2 with Meat Quality Traits and Productivity of the Ukrainian Large White Pig Breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
V. N. Balatsky ◽  
Y. K. Oliinychenko ◽  
T. V. Buslyk ◽  
I. B. Bankovska ◽  
S. N. Korinnyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Large White Pig

scholarly journals Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Ramutis Klimas ◽  
Asta Klimienė
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Observation Period

Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic trend of leanness for purebred pigs, and to determine the relations between meatiness traits, age and live weight of animals. The estimation of meatiness traits (backfat and loin lean thickness, lean meat percentage) of purebred Lithuanian White (LW), Large White (La.W), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), Duroc (D) and Pietrain (P) pigs grown in breeding centres was evaluated by apparatus Piglog 105, during 2000-2006. In 2006, the average lean meat percentage of purebred pigs in the breeding centres of Lithuania ranged from 56.9% (LW) to 59.5% (D). During the observation period (2000-2006), the genetic trend of the leanness of LW was 6.9% (P < 0.001), La.W and L, respectively, was 2.2 and 2.5% (P < 0.01), D was 1.6% (P < 0.05), Y was 0.2% and P was 0.6%. A higher genetic trend of the leanness in the LW pig breed can be explained by import of English La.W boars. Correlation analysis showed that lean meat percentage of pigs is more related to backfat thickness (r = from -0.84 to -0.95, P < 0.001), than to loin lean thickness (r = from 0.11 to 0.30). Live weight of pigs had more influence on mentioned meatiness traits than age.

scholarly journals An unusual genomic position effect on Drosophila white gene expression: pairing dependence, interactions with zeste, and molecular analysis of revertants.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hazelrigg ◽  
S Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
White Gene ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis

Abstract The white gene in the AR4-24 P[white,rosy] insertion on chromosome 2 has a novel expression pattern, in which it is repressed in the dorsal half of the eye. X-ray mutagenesis led to the isolation of six revertants mapping to chromosome 2, which are wild type in a zeste+ background, and three extreme derivatives, in which white gene expression is repressed in ventral regions of the eye as well. By Southern blot analyses the breakpoints of five of the revertants and one of the extreme derivatives were mapped in the flanking DNA bordering each side of the AR4-24 insertion. The revertants show some dorsal repression of white in the presence of z1, and by this criterion each is only a partial revertant. The extreme derivatives act not only in cis, but also in trans to repress expression of AR4-24 and its various derivatives. We provide evidence that these trans effects are proximity-dependent effects, possibly mediated by pairing of gene copies, as they do not extend to copies of the white gene located elsewhere in the genome. We show that one extreme derivative, E1, is a small deletion spanning the insertion site at the 5' end of the white gene, and propose that the distance between a negative regulatory element in the 5' flanking DNA and the white promoter influences the degree of the repression.

scholarly journals Effect of age and backfat thickness on reproductive performance of 100 kg Large White sows

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-365
Author(s):  
R. GUEBLEZ ◽  
J. M. GESTIN ◽  
Geneviève LE HENAFF
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Large White ◽  
Effect Of Age

scholarly journals PSII-30 The genetics of functional teats in swine

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Audrey L Earnhardt ◽  
Mark Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Large White ◽  
Breeding Goal ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Piglet Survival ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetics of functional teats in swine. Piglet survival is of great importance for swine producers throughout the world due to its relationship with animal well-being and farm profitability. Availability and accessibility of functional teats on a sow during lactation is essential for enhancing piglet livability. Teat traits including total teat number (TT), functional teat number (FT), and non-functional teat number (NFT), were observed and recorded on 3,249 Landrace × Large White F1 sows. Damaged teat number (DT) and functional mammary gland number (FG) were also observed on sows prior to weaning. Variance components were estimated using AIREMLF90, with parity and farm as fixed effects. Means for TT, FT and NFT at farrowing were 14.94, 13.91 and 1.03, respectively, and 14.43, 13.02 and 1.15, respectively at weaning. Means for TT and FT were greater (P &lt; 0.01) at farrowing than at weaning. Heritability estimates for TT, FT and NFT ranged between 0.19 and 0.30, 0.17 and 0.24, and 0.12 and 0.16, respectively. Total teat number and functional teat number had positive genetic correlation estimates ranging from 0.74 to 0.77. Functional mammary glands had a negative linear relationship of -1.16 with DT, and genetic correlations of 0.87 and -0.83 with FT and NFT, respectively. Linear regression models relating TT and FT to number of piglets weaned revealed that an increase of one functional teat at farrowing increased number weaned by 0.26. Overall, there was sufficient genetic variation for total teat number and functional teat number signifying that genetic gains from selecting for these traits is possible. Results also suggest that by focusing selection on functional teat number, an increase in non-functional teat number can be avoided. Therefore, utilizing functional teat number in the breeding goal should improve the general teat quality and sow performance.

Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and Large White ✕ Mukota F1crosses given graded levels of maize cob meal

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Kanengoni ◽  
K. Dzama ◽  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
J. Kusina ◽  
S. M. Maswaure
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the performance of Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ✕ Mukota F1pigs given increasing levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen female weaners of each genotype were given, ad libitum, diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg of diet for 14 weeks. The diets were designed to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg). Average daily food intake per unit metabolic body weight (ADFI per kg M0·75), average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The pigs were slaughtered and cold dressed mass (CDM) and backfat thickness were determined for each pig. The ADFI per kg M0·75was similar among the four diets for the three genotypes. The rate of decline in ADG was higher (P < 0·05) in the LW than in the other two genotypes. The FCR in the Mukota was poorer (P < 0·05) than that in the LW and the F1crosses. The Mukota had the highest (P < 0·05) backfat thickness (K5 and K7·5) values of the three genotypes across the four diets, followed by the F1crosses. The CDM values for the LW and the F1crosses were similar and were higher (P < 0·05) than those for the Mukota. The findings indicate that F1crosses and the Mukota were better able to utilize diets containing high levels of maize cob meal than LW pigs.

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