Concerning Mr. A. Hallams' Article on Gryphaea

1959 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Swinnerton
Keyword(s):  
Actual Range ◽  
Considerable Doubt

AbstractThe basis for Mr. Hallam' rejection of the hypothesis on the evolution of Liostrea into Gryphaea is briefly examined and is shown to be inadequate. For Liostrea real evidence is lacking. For Gryphaea the evidence, though copious, is unsound for it is based upon an improper treatement of his collections. Moreover, the features he measures are not sufficiently significant and the reader is left in considerable doubt as to the actual range of his measurements. His aspersion upon previous workers in this field is entirely unjustified.

Effect of mild essential hypertension on control of forearm blood flow during exercise in the heat

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Kenney ◽  
E. Kamon ◽  
E. R. Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Actual Range ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

Six essential hypertensive (resting mean arterial pressure, MAP greater than 110 mmHg) and eight normotensive (resting MAP less than 95 mmHg) men, aged 30–58 yr, were tested during 1 h of dynamic leg exercise in the heat. Environmental conditions were fixed at 38 degrees C dry-bulb temperature and 28 degrees C wet-bulb temperature; exercise intensity was preset to approximate 40% of each subject's maximal aerobic capacity (actual range 38–43%). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by impedance plethysmography. The intergroup difference in arterial pressure was maintained but not increased or decreased during exercise in the heat. FBF increased in both groups, but the increase was significantly less for the hypertensive subjects. FBF showed a significant linear correlation (different from 0) with core temperature in seven of eight control subjects but in none of the hypertensive subjects. The magnitude of FBF increase was inversely proportional to resting MAP (r = -0.89). It was concluded that essential hypertensive subjects respond to exercise in the heat with a diminished FBF response related to an alteration in control relative to central (core temperature) influences. This may be due to an imbalance between thermal and nonthermal (baroreflex) mechanisms controlling cutaneous blood flow.

scholarly journals The growth in vitro of vaccinia virus in chick embryo chorio-allantoic memberane, minced embryo and cell suspensions

1957 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Maitland ◽  
D. I. Magrath
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Considerable Doubt

The growth curve of rabbit skin-adapted vaccinia virus in the chick chorioallantoic membrane incubated in Hanks' solution showed a drop in titre of virus for about 10 hr. followed by growth. At least 25% of virus, sometimes more, remained infective. A similar fall in titre was observed in heated membranes in which the virus did not grow and this occurred also when membranes, either normal or heated, were infected and disintegrated before incubation.The growth curve of virus in minced chick-embryo was similar to that in chorioallantoic membrane.Virus in cell suspensions prepared from chick embryo and incubated in a nutrient medium showed only a small loss of infectivity before growth in some experiments and rarely dropped below 65–70 % of the original titre in others.These results throw considerable doubt on the view that loss of infectivity preceding growth of vaccinia virus should be interpreted as an essential part of a growth cycle.

The Chromatography of Rubber Solutions

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampietro Cajelli
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Fractional Precipitation ◽  
Micellar Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Considerable Doubt

Abstract In the opinion of Pummerer, there is considerable doubt about the homogeneity of the fractions obtained by fractional precipitation of rubber from dilute benzene solutions, both with respect to the size of the molecules and to the state of aggregation. Based on the results of x-ray measurements of fibrous substances, to which type stretched rubber belongs, Meyer and Mark have advanced the hypothesis of the existence of chains of primary valences and of a micellar structure. PURIFICATION OF RUBBER There are four important and at the same time essentially different ways of carrying out the difficult process of purifying rubber. According to Harries, acetone extraction gives a colored product and leads to profound changes in the elastic properties. Staudinger adopted the method described by Wildmann in 1911, which involves the use of a mixture of acetone and chloroform. On the other hand, Pummerer and Koch used the method of fractional precipitation; the rubber after severe mastication was extracted with acetone, was dissolved in benzene, the liquid was allowed to stand for several weeks, the solution was decanted from the insoluble residue and was fractionally precipitated by alcohol and acetone. More recently this same method has been perfected by Pummerer and Meidel, and by this means a fraction of crystallized rubber was isolated from the mother liquors of the fractional precipitation. Finally Pummerer and Koch have purified rubber by treatment with an alkali, combining the precipitation method with the use of a solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol. Later this method was modified by Pummerer and Pahl. The use of latex in place of crude rubber is the most important development in obtaining a satisfactory product. De Vries and Beumée-Nieuwland have described in detail some results obtained with fresh latex. The total-rubber obtained by the methods just described contains, according to the quality and the age of the sample of latex, from 0.1 to 0.4 per cent of nitrogen which cannot be removed by washing, even when this is exhaustive.

scholarly journals Ten years of new injury severity score (NISS): is it a possible change?

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia de Souza Nogueira ◽  
Cristiane de Alencar Domingues ◽  
Miriam de Araújo Campos ◽  
Regina Márcia Cardoso de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
New Injury Severity Score ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Actual Range

The article is a bibliographic review which intends to present the actual range of researches comparing the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). Databases were searched using the keyword NISS, with 42 articles, 23 of which didn't compare the two indexes. Most part of the 19 selected articles showed that NISS has been more accurate in predicting the outcomes (dependent variables) than ISS, moreover in severe and specific trauma. Studies with populations between 1,000 and 10,000 resulted in NISS-favorable results, whereas studies with populations larger than 10,000 or smaller than 1,000 showed either NISS-favorable results or no difference between the two groups. However, there were no studies showing ISS-favorable results. These results and the easier calculation of NISS lead to a future replacement of ISS by NISS.

scholarly journals Opportunities to improve the measurement of audit quality: a call for collaboration between the profession and academics

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 352-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen van Raak ◽  
Ulrike Thürheimer
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Accrual Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Doubt

Audit research relies on a wide range of publicly available measures to examine which factors influence the quality of financial statement audits. While research to date has to rely largely on remote proxies due to a lack of access to proprietary data, there is considerable doubt about the validity of these proxies and the inferences drawn based on these proxies. In order to provide insight into the reliability of these measures, Rajgopal, Srinivasan & Zheng (2015) investigate whether commonly used proxies for audit quality (i.e. auditor size, abnormal audit fees, accrual quality, and the propensity to meet and beat analyst targets) are associated with deficiencies reported in SEC investigations and class-action lawsuits. Such alleged deficiencies reflect how external stakeholders assess audit performance. Their study indicates that the use of such proxies is highly problematic and that the performance of these measures, with the exception of auditor size, is poor.

Retaining the Royal Prerogative of Mercy in New South Wales

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dale Greentree
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Conception Of The Good ◽  
Appeals Process ◽  
Considerable Doubt

This article argues that the prerogative of mercy should be retained in New South Wales as a necessary and appropriate power of the Executive. Historically, pardons have provided opportunities for redemption. Currently, the statutory appeals process is limited to cases involving a miscarriage of justice where there is considerable doubt as to a person’s guilt. In cases where a person is guilty but is nevertheless deserving of mercy, the prerogative of mercy is the only avenue available. As a purely executive power, the prerogative of mercy can achieve the aims of the criminal justice system by tempering justice with mercy. The role of the sovereign involves maintaining order, but also enacting some conception of the good, driven by compassion, love, and mercy. Finally, this article argues that grants of mercy should be a matter of public record, for transparency and as a means of demonstrating this compassion to the public.

The Game Made

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens
Keyword(s):  
The Look ◽  
Considerable Doubt ◽  
Dark Room

While Sydney Carton and the Sheep of the prisons were in the adjoining dark room, speaking so low that not a sound was heard, Mr. Lorry looked at Jerry in considerable doubt and mistrust. That honest tradesman’s manner of receiving the look, did not...

Perceiving China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tze Ern Ho
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
National Image ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Considerable Doubt

This chapter examines the perspectives of Vietnamese and Indonesian elites towards China and the extent to which efforts to promote a positive Chinese national image have been successful in these two countries. Utilizing information gathered from field research, I argue that both countries perceive China as attempting to modify – not entirely revise – the rules of the international system to suit its purposes. Territorial issues remain a primary focus in the two countries’ relationships with China, and they also express concerns that China’s growing influence will cause an unstable regional environment. Interviewees also expressed considerable doubt about the idea of Chinese exceptionalism and tended to perceive China as acting like any other big power.

V.—Note on the Occurrence of Ammonites Jurensis in the Ironstone of the Northampton Sands in the Neighbourhood of Northampton

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 493-494
Author(s):  
E. T. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Doubt

Considerable doubt having been expressed with regard to the occurrence of the zone of Ammonites jurensis in the neighbourhood of Northampton, much interest attaches to the discovery, by Mr. T. Jesson of Great Houghton, of the typical Ammonite in some abundance in this area. It is perhaps remarkable that there should have been any doubt about the matter, seeing that in Samuel Sharp's earlier paper Am. jurensis was recorded among the fossils from Duston, and this should have stimulated further search when the doubt arose which seems to have caused this species to be omitted from the later paper by the same author, in which some palæontological errors of the earlier paper were said to be corrected.

Rebuilding the German Constitution, I

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
German State ◽  
German Constitution ◽  
Considerable Doubt

The hectic sequence of Germany's constitutional history led that unhappy country, following the final liquidation by Napoleon of the last remnants of medieval constitutionalism, through the confusion of Austro-Prussian rivalry, Empire, democratic Republic, and Fascist dictatorship, to the total vacuum of unconditional surrender in May, 1945. The pretense of a four-power (quadripartite) condominium by means of the Allied Control Council, which at first looked to many responsible people like a feasible stop-gap, has been revealed in this sequence as an empty façade. During the years 1945–49, Germany has been governed by a bewildering maze of conflicting and competing authorities whose legitimacy, beyond the reach of their immediate power, has been in considerable doubt. Authority, power, legitimacy; unless these are effectively combined and balanced, the existence of a true government may well be doubted. Continental Europeans, who prefer to talk about the “state” in discussing problems of government, have therefore been wondering whether the German state has continued to exist—a problem in higher semantics which is briefly discussed below.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document