On a Quartz-porphyry from the Lake District

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 513-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Melmore
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Quartz Porphyry ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
The Road

A Small quarry was opened about three years ago at Thwaite Head, which lies between the southern ends of Coniston Lake and Windermere. It is on the west side of the road between that hamlet and Hawkshead, and exposes a nearly vertical sill, 40 feet wide, running E.N.E.-W.S.W. in the Bannisdale slates. On the south side a series of joint-planes running parallel to the bedding of the slates and curving inwards at the top have split the igneous rock into flags, while in the body of the rock the jointing is much coarser, so that it is quarried in large blocks. Both the igneous rock and the slates are much decomposed and friable along the southern junction, and it is here a little galena is said to have been found when the quarry was first opened. This is not improbable, as the old Thwaite Head lead mine is situated not far off on the banks of Dale Park Beck.

Durrington Walls

Antiquity ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. S. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Nearest Point ◽  
Pass Through

Probably not one in ten thousand of those who pass through the middle of Durrington Walls is aware of its existence. Though plainly visible when once pointed out, the earthen ramparts have been so greatly altered by ploughing as to be hardly recognizable, and the reconstruction of their orginal form is a very pretty exercise in field-archaeologyThe walls consists of a round enclosure, cut into two unequal parts by the road from Amesbury to Netheravon (Wilts), about a mile and a half north of Amesbury, on the west bank of the Avon. Woodhenge is only eighty yards to the south, close to and on the west side of the same road. The earthwork differs fundamentally from the ordinary defensive ‘camp’, for it encloses, not a hill-top but a coombe or hollow, and it has its ditch inside, not outside, the rampart. In this latter respect it resembles the circles at Avebury and Marden in Wilts, Knowlton in Dorset, Thornborough in Yorkshire, and Arbour Low in Derbyshire; though there are points of difference. In size, Durrington Walls compares closely with Avebury, whose great earthen circle is slightly smaller in diameter; rom east to west the internal area of the Walls is 1300feet across, and from north to south about 1160 feet. (The average diameter at Avebury is 1130 feet). Both too are within easy reach of a stream, the Avon being IOO yards from the eastern entrance of the Walls, and the Kennet 330 yards from the nearest point of the great circle at Avebury. The enclosure at Marden actually touches the banks of the Avon at a point higher up in its course.

Inscriptions from South Etruria

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
J. M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Local Significance

The following group of inscriptions includes some unpublished texts found recently during the South Etruria survey and a few published ones in which additional or improved readings can be offered as a result of re-examination. Most of them are tombstones of essentially local significance, but nos. 1 and 4 from Tomba di Nerone, 5 from Casale Spizzichino and 20 from Filissano are of greater importance and interest.I. Sites on or near the Via Cassia.1. Travertine tombstone, damaged at the upper right corner (0·52 × 0·98 × 0·12), with schematic gable and acroteria above and a lightly and crudely incised wreath in the gable; inscribed on the exposed face, whose surface is damaged. Built into the wall of the drive leading to Via Cassia 901, which lies on the west side of the road a short distance beyond Tomba di Nerone. Recent building development revealed drainage cuniculi and other elements of a Roman building, and along the ancient road frontage there were several graves and remains of at least one mausoleum. It is very likely that some or all of the texts (nos. 1–4) were found locally.

A Dagger in Relief on Stonehenge?

Traditio ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
R. E. Kaske
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
Main Entrance

In 1953, R. J. C. Atkinson made the first discovery of prehistoric carvings on Stonehenge: a dagger and several ax-heads on the inner face of sarsen stone no. 53. Since then a number of other carvings have been identified, including two additional daggers on the west side of stone 53 and the south side of stone 23. In May 1972, on a casual visit to Stonehenge, I noticed what appeared to be an incised cartwheel with eight spokes, low on the southeast side of stone 30, within the main entrance; this same apparent design was immediately recognized by my wife and son, with no prompting from me. When I re-examined the area in July 1974, I was astonished to find not only that I could see no cartwheel, but that I could see nothing which might plausibly have led me to think of a cartwheel. This striking discrepancy between two clear visual impressions of the same surface made me suspect that some delicate trick of lighting must be involved, and I accordingly visited Stonehenge at night to explore the problem with the help of crosslighting.

scholarly journals Excavations at Palaikastro. III: § 3.—Blocks κ and λ

1904 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
Family Living ◽  
The Town

A little west of the town-site lies a hillock called τὸ Kεφαλάκι or τοῦ Kονᾶ τὸ Kεφάλι the Kονᾶδες being a family living at Karýdhi, to whom the land formerly belonged. The west side and top of the hillock are rocky, but on the better covered east and north slopes ancient walls crop up above the surface. The owner of the field on the south side was known to have improved his land by pulling out blocks of stone, but enough ground was left on the east and north with traces of walls to make it plain that a group of houses lay beneath the surface.

I 10, 8 and 9

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ling ◽  
Paul Arthur ◽  
Georgia Clarke ◽  
Estelle Lazer ◽  
Lesley A. Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Boundary ◽  
The One ◽  
Northeast Corner

This complex consists of an atrium-house from which a front room has been separated at a late stage to form an independent shop or workshop. Together they occupy the north-west corner of the insula, the house opening northwards and the shop westwards. Before the shop was separated from it, the house had a relatively broad facade (approx. 14 m.), but the oblique alignment of the insula boundary to the west resulted in a considerable contraction towards the rear. At the southern end of the roofed part of the house, coinciding with the south walls of rooms 10 and 12, the property is only 10 m. wide; and the garden beyond this, thanks primarily to a shift in the line of the eastern boundary becomes even narrower, contracting to less than 8.50 m. As in the Casa del Fabbro, the atrium (1) is set against one of the property boundaries, this time the west rather than the east; but, owing to the greater width of the house, it is broader (from 7.20 to 8.20 m.) and still allows space for a deep room on the east. The impluvium is centrally positioned in relation to the short (south) side. The fauces, however, enters the atrium somewhat off-centre, 3.80 m. from the northeast corner and 2.70 m. from the north-west, presumably in order to obtain three more or less equally sized rooms on the north facade. As the plot contracts toward the rear, this tripartite division becomes more difficult; the outlying rooms, on the west side particularly are uncomfortably narrow and cramped. Of the three rooms on the north front, the westernmost is the one which in the final period had become a shop with an independent entrance (I 10, 9); it had formerly been a corner room opening from the atrium via a doorway immediately adjacent to the fauces, but this doorway was blocked and a new entrance, 2.30 m. wide, quoined in opus listatum, was opened in the west wall (Pl 90). The lava threshold (Fig. 61) points to fittings typical of a shop: a separate pivoted door and vertical planks set overlapping in a groove.

scholarly journals Temperature Fluctuation in Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima and Its Surrounding Environment

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
S.H. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
South Side ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Temperature fluctuation (TF) in an 18-year-old Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima and its surrounding environment was monitored using HOBO Pro temperature sensors recording every 15 min from December 2001 to February 2003 at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, U.S. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between TF in 2001, mild cold temperatures, and 2003, severe record-breaking cold temperatures. In mid-December 2001, TF range in soil 30 cm (12 in) was 4°C (39.2°F) to 4.5°C (40.1°F), sod was 3°C (37.4°F) to 4°C (39.2°F), and soil surface was 2°C (35.6°F) to 2.5°C (36.5°F), whereas canopy and mulch ranged from −1°C (30.2°F) to 10°C (50°F). The south side of the trunk had the highest fluctuation of 1°C (33.8°F) to 14°C (57.2°F) followed primarily by the west side with occasional peaks in the east. However, the west side had the highest temperature peak in mid-June. The temperature difference between south and north sides during mid-December were approximately 7°C (44.6°F). In April, the TF inside the trunk ranged from 2°C (35.6°F) to 5.5°C (41.9°F) compared with the canopy, which varied between −0.5°C (31.1°F) and 8°C (46.4°F). The west side was 2°C (35.6°F) to 3°C (37.4°F) higher in mid-July than the south, east, and north sides. On 15 February 2003, which was the coldest day recorded, the soil 30 cm (12 in) temperature (under the mulch) reached ≈−1°C (≈30.2°F), whereas sod and soil surface were ≈−2°C (≈28.4°F). Mulch and base temperature ranged from −1°C (30.2°F) to −5°C (23°F) and −2.5°C (27.5°F) to −7.5°C (18.5°F), respectively. Root core temperature was ≈−1°C (≈30.2°F), the trunk temperature range was −2.5°C (27.5°F) to −3.5°C (25.7°F), whereas the canopy was −2.5°C (27.5°F) to −7.5°C (18.5°F). The south TF range was between −0.5°C (31.1°F) and −7.5°C (18.5°F) from midday to midnight. The TF difference between south and north sides was ≈2.5°C (≈36.5°F). This freeze and thaw of the south side during winter months has been attributed to sunscald in some trees. Based on temperature observations during the coldest and warmest week, a temperature fluctuation factor (TFF), a difference between weekly minimum and maximum temperature, was introduced. During the coldest week, the TFF for canopy to trunk was 2×, trunk to root or soil was 10×, and canopy to root or soil was 20×. During the warmest week, the TFF for canopy to trunk was 2×, trunk to root or soil was 7.5×, and canopy to root or soil was 15×. The stem water content was higher throughout the year; however, the bud water content was significantly higher when approaching budbreak in April to May. In a companion study, the effect of mulch depth on TF was reexamined showing that the temperature of mulch varies dependent on the time of year. In October, 15 cm (6 in) mulch was several degrees warmer than ground, 7.5 cm (3 in) mulch, and 30 cm (12 in) mulch (P < 0.05); however, in December and February, 30 cm (12 in) of mulch was significantly warmer (P < 0.05). There are many factors other than temperature that affect tree growth and development. The dynamics of TF give a greater understanding of the role temperature plays in tree physiology as well as improving horticultural and arboricultural understanding in urban environments, resulting in improved landscape management.

X.—The Plan of the Church and Monastery of St. Augustine, Bristol

Archaeologia ◽  
1912 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
Roland W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
The Church

Many plans exist of what is now the Cathedral at Bristol, but there are to my knowledge none to a sufficiently large scale to be of much practical use, and in those that do exist, with two exceptions, the buildings south of the church, that surround the cloister court, are either only roughly outlined or are omitted altogether. The two exceptions are (1) the Ordnance Survey map of 1884, which shows buildings now destroyed, and (2) a plan (without scale) which accompanies a paper by the late Mr. E. W. Godwin, F.S.A., published in the Archaeological Journal for 1863. This is little more than a block plan, but it is the only attempt hitherto made to identify the various monastic buildings. Since this latter plan was made a road has been taken through near the gatehouse, involving the destruction of the buildings that stood on the west side of College Green at that point, and since 1884 another road has been made on the south side across the site of some of the then existing monastic buildings. The precinct is now therefore considerably reduced in area; originally it appears to have included College Green, while the monastic land extended south to the rivers Frome and Avon. The plan (pi. XXXIV) includes all the monastic buildings now remaining, and shows the position and extent as far as possible of those destroyed. Some old plans, the property of the Dean and Chapter, have quite recently been placed at my disposal, which have enabled me to add the buildings west of the church and adjoining the gate-house.

Part I. The Third Kilometre Cemetery

Archaeologia ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
A.J.B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
Sketch Plan

In 1899 during his excavations Tsountas found three rock-cut chamber tombs (Tomb 102, the Fig Tree Tomb, and another, fig. 1) on the west side of the carriage road just to the south of the Treasury of Atreus. In 1904 Bosanquet published the goldwork and other small objects from Tomb 102, together with one of the vases. It is to be hoped that Tsountas will soon be able to publish the rest of the pottery of that tomb and the contents of the others. In 1921 we made trial trenches on the slopes on both sides of the road, and found three similar rock-cut chamber tombs, the positions of which are shown on the accompanying sketch plan, fig. 1. As these tombs lie on either side of the third kilometre stone of the road, we have for the sake of convenience called this the Third Kilometre Cemetery to distinguish it from the other groups of tombs that surround Mycenae. Tombs 502 and 504 were both excavated in 1921; Tomb 505 was begun in 1921 but, owing to difficulties caused by the dangerous state of the doorway, the chamber was not completely cleared till 1922.

A Neolithic Site at Abingdon, Berks.

1927 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thurlow Leeds
Keyword(s):  
Fish Ponds ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Neolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Gravel Pit ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Formed Part

At the end of April of last year the Rev. Charles Overy drew my attention to the presence of broken animal bones, flints, and sherds of pottery in a gravel-pit on the south side of the road from Abingdon to Radley, about a mile out of Abingdon (fig. 1).The pit lies on the very boundary of the parish of Abingdon in a field at about 200 ft. O.D., just over half a mile north of the Thames and some 30 ft. above the river. On its eastern and southern sides it is bounded by the wide trenches which in the days of the splendour of Abingdon Abbey formed part of the Abbey's fish-ponds ; on the north is the road, and on the east the ground drops to a little brook.

A Romano-British Interment, with Bucket and Sceptres, from Brough, East Yorkshire

1938 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Corder ◽  
I. A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Chief Interest ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
The Way

The Roman Ermine Street, having crossed the Humber on the way to York from Lincoln, leaves Brough Haven on its west side, and the little town of Petuaria to the east. For the first half-mile northwards from the Haven its course is not certainly known: then, followed by the modern road, it runs northwards through South Cave towards Market Weighton. In the area thus traversed by the Roman road burials of the Roman age have already been noted in sufficient quantity to suggest an extensive cemetery. The interment which is the subject of the present note was found on 10th October 1936, when men laying pipes at right angles to the modern road, in the carriage-drive of Mr. J. G. Southam, having cut through some 4 ft. of blown sand, came upon a mass of mixed Roman pottery, dating from the late first to the fourth century A.D. Bones of pig, dog, sheep, and ox were also represented. Presently, at a depth of about 5 ft., something attracted closer attention. A layer of thin limestone slabs was found, covering two human skeletons, one lying a few feet from the west margin of the modern road, the other parallel with the road and some 8 ft. from its edge. The objects described below were found with the second skeleton, and the first to be discovered was submitted by Mr. Southam to Mr. T. Sheppard, F.S.A.Scot., Director of the Hull Museums, who visited the site with his staff. All that can be recorded of the circumstances of the discovery is contained in the observations then made, under difficult conditions. ‘Slabs of hard limestone’, it was reported, ‘taken from a local quarry of millepore oolite and forming the original Roman road, were distinctly visible beneath the present roadway—one of the few points where the precise site of the old road has been located. On the side of this… a burial-place has been constructed. What it was like originally it is difficult to say, beyond that a layer of thin … slabs of limestone occurred over the skeletons. This had probably been kept in place or supported by some structure of wood, as several large iron nails, some bent at right angles, were among the bones.’ If this were all that could be said about the burials, they would hardly merit a place in these pages. The chief interest of the record would be its apparent identification of the exact course of the Roman road at a point where this had hitherto been uncertain. Three objects associated with the second skeleton are, however, of exceptional interest.

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