scholarly journals V.—On the Occurrence of Lead, Zinc, and Iron Ores, in some Rocks of Carboniferous Age in the North-West of England

1873 ◽  
Vol 10 (104) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. De Rance
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Sea Coast

In former papers I have described central Lancashire as capable of division into three plains of different elevations. The lowest being often beneath high-water mark, and always below the 25-foot Ordnance contour; the second ranging from 25 and 50 feet to 500 feet above the sea, terminating at the foot of the steep escarpment at the western edge of the Lancashire and Yorkshire moorlands forming the Pendle portion of the Pennine chain, with an average elevation of 1200 feet. Both the lower plains are much covered with drift, and the rock-surface at the sea-coast is often 50 feet below low-water mark, steadily rising in one gradual inclined plain, eastwards, or towards the Fells.

The Krajina Project: Exploring the Ottoman–Hapsburg Borderland

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD CARLTON ◽  
ALAN RUSHWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
High Water ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This chapter summarises the results of the Krajina Project, which was established in 1998 to investigate the archaeological remains, material culture and continuing ethnographic legacy of this distinctive late medieval/early modern frontier society. The project has focused on an area in the north-west corner of Bosnia-Herzegovina, between Kladuŝa and Bihać, known as the Bihaćka Krajina. This was one of the last districts in the region to be conquered by the Ottoman state, not falling to the sultan's forces until the late sixteenth century — a territorial high water mark. The ethnographic evidence provides significant insights into the continuing legacy of the Ottoman-Hapsburg frontier in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals VII.—On the Occurrence of Lead, Zinc, and Iron Ores in some Rocks of Carboniferous Age in the North-west of England

1873 ◽  
Vol 10 (109) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
Charles E. De Rance
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ores ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Cross

East Cumberland.—In the Cross Fell and Alston Moor district the Mountain Limestone is split up into numerous beds of limestone, sandstone, and shale, the thickness and character of which are well known through the local names given to each horizon by the miner, and from the writings of Messrs. Westgarth Forster, Sopwith, and Wallace.

1. Notice of two Fossil Trees lately uncovered in Craigleith Quarry, near Edinburgh

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
R. Christison
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Size

The late Mr H. T. M. Witham read in 1830 to this Society, and published three years afterwards in greater extension, an inquiry of much interest respecting two fossil trees found in Craigleith Quarry, a mile and a half from the north-west outskirts of Edinburgh. The general points of this inquiry are, that trees of very great size lie, completely fossilised, in the very compact sandstone of the quarry, at a great depth below the rock surface, slightly inclined to the-dip of the strata, with their structure so finely preserved in the fossilising material as to be beautifully shown before the microscope, and recognised as that of the Pinaceous Family, and of the section to which belongs the existing Araucaria. These trees have been generally known to fossile botanists by the name of Araucarioxylon Withami. An opportunity having occurred this year of confirming and extending the inquiries of Witham, it has been thought right to take advantage of it, again through the medium of the Royal Society.

scholarly journals Brief History of the North-West Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeological Research (In Celebration of the 90th Anniversary of the First Northern Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeology Publication by V. I. Ogorodnikov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Slobodin ◽  
Alisa Yu. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

Purpose. To analyze the significance of V. Ogorodnikov’s 1929 article on finds from Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island in the historiography of archaeological research in northeastern Russia. Results. An analysis of his published materials, in the context of the history of archaeological research in Northeast Asia in the 18th – first quarter of the 20th century shows that this was, in fact, the first professional publication on archaeological research in this part of northeast Asia. Until that time, sporadic publications about random finds and their fragmentary descriptions did not give a holistic picture of human existence in these territories. It was also the first Russian archaeological publication post-revolution on the antiquities of the north of the Far East. However, Ogorodnikov’s article, from the day of its publication, was forgotten, and in all further archaeological research, both in Northeast Asia as a whole, and on Zaviyalova Island and in Taui Bay in particular, was not mentioned and was not analyzed by the archaeologists who conducted research there, although the conclusions made by him were confirmed by further work. This, apparently, was due to the fact that although he was a well-known Siberian historian and the first Dean of the Department of History of Irkutsk University, Ogorodnikov was unjustly repressed for political reasons in 1933 and died in 1938 in a Gulag camp. Despite the fact that he was politically rehabilitated in 1957, his name has not yet returned to the historiography of archeology of Northeast Asia. This publication aims to fill this gap. The Neolithic age of the archaeological materials declared and published by Ogorodnikov, previously unforeseen and not justified by anyone for Northeast Asia, was fully confirmed by further research. Conclusion. The publication by Ogorodnikov in 1929 featuring results of the first excavations in Taui Bay on Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island is a significant milestone in archaeological research in the North-East of Russia.

IV.—Notes On Some Coastal Features in Co. Waterford

1907 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
F. R. Cowper Reed
Keyword(s):  
Solid Rock ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
High Water ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Slight Rise ◽  
Coastal Features ◽  
Sea Cliff ◽  
Previous Occasion

On previous occasion (Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. IV, 1907, pp. 17–20) an account was given by the author of lornagnt Strand in the estuary of the River Suir; and the nature anddevelopment of the drift deposits further up the river may now be described.On the north side of Knockavelish Head (which bounds Fornaght Strand on the north), the coastfrom Ballyglan is bordered by low sand dunes for a distance of about a mile and a half, and thereis no cliff or exposure of any solid rock, the old sea margin being apparently situated now some way inland behind an area of more or less marshy laud at the back of the dunes. Traces of the former sea-cliff can, however, be recognised here and there by a sudden slight rise in the ground. A wide flat expanse of sand and mud, known as Woodstown Strand, is uncovered at low tide along this stretch of coast, extending out fully a mile from high-water mark, but so far no trace of the submerged forest of Fornaght has been here discovered.

Sinterability and Expansion Property of Ceramsite Made with Lead-Zinc Mine Tailings

2014 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Jin Lou Huang ◽  
Hong Tao Peng ◽  
Jing Lu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Expansion Property ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine

Lead-zinc mine tailings were used to produce ceramsite by sintering method to reduce their environmental impact. The properties of tailings from Beishan Lead-zinc mine located at the north-west of Guangxi Province in southern China have been studied. The sinterability and expansion property of the main raw materials was studied during the controlled trial burn tests. The results show that lead-zinc mine tailings are not suitable for making ceramsite alone, and should be added with the clay material. The sintering temperature has a significant influence on expansion property. The optimum firing temperature to make ceramsite is from 1140 °C to 1150 °C according to the apparent density index, and the heavy metals are properly stabilized in ceramsite. It is a viable approach for making ceramsite with lead-zinc mine tailings and clay.

The North-West Frontier of Attica

1926 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Complete System ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Natural Boundary ◽  
Mountain Ridge ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sea Coast

Of all the states in ancient Greece, Attica seems to have had the most interesting and complete system of land defences. A chain of important fortresses, of most of which there are still considerable remains, follows the line of the Kithairon–Parnes range: Eleutherai, Oinoe, Panakton, Phyle, Dekeleia, Aphidna and Rhamnous. It may appear at first that this series of strongholds was designed expressly to mark off Athenian territory, but whilst incidentally and in large measure they served this end, in origin they were intended rather to defend the various roads from Attica into Boeotia. A fresh examination of these forts and their relation to the Attic frontier may be of some service and interest.The natural boundary of Attica on the N.W. is the mountain ridge which begins on the Halkyonian sea-coast behind Aigosthena and continues almost due eastward to the Straits of Euboea, reaching the sea at Cape Kalamos. It is not surprising, therefore, to learn that the early tradition made the Megarid and Attica into a single kingdom. Plato, describing an idealised primitive Attica, gives as the boundaries the Isthmus and the heights of Kithairon and Parnes extending down to the sea, with Oropos on the right and the Asopos on the left.

V.—The Leadhills-Wanlockhead Lead and Zinc Deposits

1956 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Crustal Layer ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Caledonian Orogeny ◽  
Zinc Deposits

SynopsisThe Leadhills–Wanlockhead mining field is situated within a synclinorial belt of greywackes, bounded to the north and south by anticlinoria in which lower stratigraphical elements are exposed. The universal strike is N.E.–S.W. The southern margin of the northern anticlinorium is delimited by a strike thrust fault, inclined to the north-west. The shear zone caused by this thrust is considered to be the principal structural feature governing the localization of the ore deposits.The complex N.E.–S.W. folding and faulting, imposed during the Caledonian orogeny, is crossed by a series of intersecting joints, whose average strike is N.N.W. The majority of the mineral veins also trend N.N.W. The formation of these discordant structural features under Caledonian stress is demonstrated by the presence of N.N.W. trending Caledonian dykes.Sinistrai movement along the joint pattern, ascribed to a reorientation of the “Caledonian” stress towards an “Hercynian” direction, resulted in the formation of open spaces on the more north-westerly trending members of the joint system in the greywacke belt. This feature is considered to be the secondary structural control responsible for the localization of the ore deposits.Fifty-seven minerals were identified from the deposits. Fifteen of these minerals had not been previously recorded from the locality, including (1) a new chromian mineral; (2) a new variety, chromian leadhillite; (3) a mineral previously recorded only as an artificial product, lead hydroxyapatite; (4) phœnicochroite, not previously confirmed in the British Isles.Two periods of mineralization were distinguished. The first consisted of quartz veins with which are associated small amounts of gold, pyrite and muscovite, tentatively assigned to the Caledonian orogeny, and the second comprised the lead-zinc mineralization. The paragenetic relationships of the primary minerals of the lead-zinc mineralization indicate two generations of sulphides; the second generation is accounted for by reprecipitation of elements derived from the replacement of the first generation by late stage quartz. A study of the distribution of elements through the paragenesis suggests that some elements were derived from other than a magmatic source, and that contamination has probably played a considerable rôle in the control of the character of the gangue minerals.Evidence that the mineralizing solutions had a deep-seated origin is provided by the mineral zones and the geochemical character of the deposit. Emplacement of the minerals took place at a temperature of the order of 143°−281° C, and a depth of the order of 2000–4000 feet below the surface.The Leadhills–Wanlockhead deposits are related to other lead-zinc deposits in Britain. On the basis of geochemical assemblage and the relation to igneous activity, it is concluded that the deposits were probably derived from the top of the tholeiitic crustal layer and the base of the granitic crustal layer, and were genetically associated with the Hercynian orogeny.

scholarly journals An account of two rainbows, seen at the same time, at Alverstoke, Hants, July 9, 1792

1793 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Coast

On the evening of the 9th of July, 1792, between seven and eight o'clock, at Alverstoke, near Gosport, on the sea coast of Hampshire, there came up, in the south-east, a cloud with a thunder-shower; while the sun shone bright, low in the hori­zon to the north-west. In this shower two primary rainbows appeared, AB and AC, (Tab. I.) not concentric, but touching each other at A, in the south part of the horizon; with a secondary bow to each, DE and DF (the last very faint, but discernible), which touched likewise, at D. Both the primary were very vivid for a considerable time, and at different times nearly equally so; but the bow AB was most permanent, was a larger segment of a circle, and at last, after the other had vanished, became almost a semicircle; the sun being near setting. It was a perfect calm, and the sea was as smooth as glass.

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