scholarly journals LOVE AND COURTSHIP IN MID-TWENTIETH-CENTURY ENGLAND

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAIRE LANGHAMER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Gender Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Discursive Constructions

This article contributes to the on-going study of modern affective life by exploring the ways in which love was understood, invoked, and deployed within heterosexual courtships. ‘Love’ itself is approached as a highly mutable and flexible concept whose meanings and uses are contingent upon historical moment, gender, status, and generation. Whilst the article does not claim to offer a comprehensive history of love across the central years of the twentieth century, it suggests that some of the everyday meanings and uses of that emotion can be illuminated through consideration of this particular aspect of social life. Rather than placing discursive constructions centre stage, the article uses life history material to effect an analysis embedded in everyday practices. Courtship itself is understood as a transitional stage between youth and adulthood: a life stage during which the meanings and uses of ‘love’ were implicitly or explicitly confronted, where gender relationships were potentially unstable, and where aspiration and desire could conflict in the making of the self. Courtship therefore constituted an important rite of passage which could provide an opportunity to perform, reject, and refine new roles and responsibilities, whilst negotiating future status and identity. The article explores the power dynamics which underlined romantic encounters, but argues that through their everyday practice young women exercised real, if bounded, agency within this sphere of social life.

Women and Popular Politics in Twentieth-Century South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Healy-Clancy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the history and historiography of women’s engagement in popular politics in twentieth-century South Africa. Over the first half of the century, women’s combination of marginality from male-dominated politics and centrality to social life made them critical to a range of grassroots movements. Feminist scholars have demonstrated how contending visions of nationalism aimed at transforming the state not only through moments of protest, but also by everyday transformations of social institutions. Women became central to both apartheid state-building and antiapartheid politics, often by organizing in ways that shared much with older forms of organization: most strikingly, they continued to mobilize as mothers. While women’s grassroots activism enabled the survival of the antiapartheid movement, an entrenched history of male leadership worked to women’s disadvantage in the democratic transition.

The Social Life of Dances

Valuing Dance ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 89-140
Author(s):  
Susan Leigh Foster
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Wild West Shows ◽  
Studio Instruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Dances ◽  
Private Studio ◽  
Historical Moment

Chapter 3 pursues the thesis that commodity and gift forms of exchange are interconnected and inseparable. It does this through an examination of three case studies: hip-hop, private dance studio instruction, and powwow. The recent histories of these three examples is examined alongside some of their antecedents at the beginning of the twentieth century. Hip-hop is located along a continuum with the early twentieth-century African American social dances that fueled a dance craze taking place in the urban United States. Private studio instruction is traced back to the social and modern dance instruction offered by entrepreneurial teachers who codified and sold those dances. Powwows are connected to the Wild West shows and other exhibitions of Native dances that brought Native peoples into greater contact with one another and with white audiences. Analyzing the development of these dance practices over time enables a more focused inquiry into the values and belief systems that infuse dance in a given historical moment and the ways that these connect to larger systems of shared values. Each example also calls attention to the way that commodification yields values that collude with forms of social and political domination including racialization and racist ideologies, Orientalism and exoticism, and colonial settler logics.

Historical Descriptions and Prescriptions for Adolescence

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Adolescence ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

The use of the term “adolescence” for any period other than the late nineteenth or twentieth century has been much debated. Aries denied that the medieval period had a life phase that could be described with such a term; others have argued that the term carries a particular, very modern meaning even if Augustine did use the term adolescentia. This introduction to a collection of essays on the history of adolescence shows that the life stage was a well recognized and defined one through the Middle Ages and into the modern period. While the modern period did not invent adolescence, it did modify the definition. Constants in acolescence from the thirteenth through the twentieth century are the struggle between adults and youth over entry and exit from adolescence and for control during that period. But much changes over the centuries. Social scientific discussions that aid in our historical analysis are almost entirely based on the male rather than the female experience. While cultural change modifies the male definitions of adolescence, the medieval and twentieth-century definition of female adolescence stays closer to biological than social definitions of puberty.

The Twentieth Century and the Enlightenment as Historical Problem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Social History ◽  
European Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the historical problem of how to gain an understanding of the fundamental traits that were original to the Enlightenment. More specifically, it considers how the Enlightenment arose over the intellectual, political, and social life of eighteenth-century élites, so as to produce a cultural revolution that transformed European society. Franco Venturi interpreted the Enlightenment as the “history of a movement,” a movement of a political nature that was created by self-conscious intellectual minorities. The chapter considers Venturi's proposal to go back to a view of the Enlightenment as a movement and as a fundamental chapter in the new history of intellectuals. In particular, it discusses Venturi's project for a political history of the Enlightenment, his denunciation of scholars engaged in the social history of the Enlightenment, and the emergence of a new cultural history in the 1980s.

scholarly journals TOWARDS A HISTORY OF GLOBAL HUMANITARIANISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1389
Author(s):  
AOIFE O'LEARY MCNEICE
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
British Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Aid Workers ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Of Study

We are currently witnessing the emergence of global humanitarianism as a fully fledged historical field. Eighteenth-century transatlantic abolitionists, nineteenth-century imperial missionaries, twentieth-century aid workers, and twenty-first-century activists inhabit the pages of more and more published books and articles. Global humanitarianism denotes a sphere of action as well as an object of study. Questions as to where or what the global is persist. The books under review all operate within the sphere of Western influence: North America, the British empire, or former colonies. They also have similar protagonists. They are largely populated with practitioners of humanitarianism, rather than the objects of their beneficence. This raises some questions. Where does global humanitarianism take place and who does it encompass? Is global humanitarianism inherently enmeshed with Western expansionism and unequal power dynamics?

GENESIS AND WAYS OF EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKH POETRY (from ancient times to the twentieth century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
B. Smanov ◽  
◽  
E. Abdimomynov ◽  
Sh. Kuttybaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation and development of Kazakh poetry in antiquity and the Middle Ages with a deep study of the genesis of Saks, Huns and ancient Turkic epochs. In addition, the manifestation of the idea of freedom, freedom in the work of Zhyrau and its representatives, born during the formation of the Kazakh Khanate, is thoroughly studied. Also the deep analysis of creativity of poets of sorrowful times of the XIX century, who came on a historical stage after zhyrau poetry and left the indelible trace in development of verbal art, carrying out the historical mission is given. Special attention is paid to the valuable opinions of our scientists who studied the works of poets who called on their society and the younger generation to fight for independence and the value of freedom at a time when Kazakh poetry was going through various stages of development in the evolution of its formation and development. As a result, the opinion of researchers who studied the history of Kazakh poetry, which was supplemented, updated and developed in artistic, ideological, structural, stylistic directions in accordance with the needs of social life of each epoch, is scientifically substantiated that Kazakh poetry originated in antiquity, and then in Kultegin and Tonikok.

Upper Social Strata Women in Nursing in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhal Özaydin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gregorian Calendar ◽  
English Translations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education In Turkey

The development of nursing education in Turkey was influenced by the twentieth-century political changes that encouraged the involvement of women in social life in Turkey. This study examines this development, beginning in the early twentieth century, including the role of relations between nurses in Turkey and the United States in advancing nursing education. The work is based on Ottoman archival sources, publications of the Ottoman-Turkish Red Crescent, and research on the history of nursing education in Turkey. The names of the institutions mentioned in documents and published works are in English, with the original Turkish names in parentheses. The dates in the Ottoman calendar (reckoned from the Hegira, Muslim era) and Roman calendar (adapted from the Gregorian calendar) that were used by Ottoman officials in their correspondence have been converted to the Western Christian calendar. English translations of Turkish references are in parentheses.

A Machine for Feeling: Ping's Posthuman Affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Alys Moody
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Affective Quality ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
Archival Quality ◽  
Historical Moment

Beckett's famous claim that his writing seeks to ‘work on the nerves of the audience, not the intellect’ points to the centrality of affect in his work. But while his writing's affective quality is widely acknowledged by readers of his work, its refusal of intellect has made it difficult to take fully into account in scholarly work on Beckett. Taking Beckett's 1967 short prose text Ping as a case study, this essay is an attempt to take the affective qualities of Beckett's writing seriously and to consider the implications of his affectively dense writing for his texts’ relationship to history. I argue that Ping's affect emerges from the rhythms of its prose, producing a highly ‘speakable’ text in which affect precedes interpretation. In Ping, however, this affective rhythmic patterning is portrayed as mechanical, the product of the machinic ‘ping’ that punctuates the text and the text's own mechanical rhythms, demanding the active involvement of the reader. The essay concludes by arguing that Ping's mechanised affect is a specifically historical feeling. Arising from a specifically twentieth-century anxiety about technology's tendency to evacuate ‘natural’ emotion in favour of inhuman affect, it participates in a tradition of affectively resonant but curiously blank or indifferent performances of cyborg embodiment. Read in this historical light, Ping's implication of the reader in the production of its mechanised affect grants it, from our contemporary perspective, an archival quality. At the same time, it asks us to broaden the way in which we understand the Beckettian text's relationship to history, pointing to the existence of a more complex and recursive relationship between literature, its historical moment, and our contemporary moment of reading. Such a post-archival historicism sees texts as generated by but not bound to their historical moments of composition, and understands the moment of reception as an integral, if shifting, part of the text's history.

Hard Objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Ned Hercock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Discrete Series ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
John Ruskin ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
The World ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of

This essay examines the objects in George Oppen's Discrete Series (1934). It considers their primary property to be their hardness – many of them have distinctively uniform and impenetrable surfaces. This hardness and uniformity is contrasted with 19th century organicism (Gerard Manley Hopkins and John Ruskin). Taking my cue from Kirsten Blythe Painter I show how in their work with hard objects these poems participate within a wider cultural and philosophical turn towards hardness in the early twentieth century (Marcel Duchamp, Adolf Loos, Ludwig Wittgenstein and others). I describe the thinking these poems do with regard to industrialization and to human experience of a resolutely object world – I argue that the presentation of these objects bears witness to the production history of the type of objects which in this era are becoming preponderant in parts of the world. Finally, I suggest that the objects’ impenetrability offers a kind of anti-aesthetic relief: perception without conception. If ‘philosophy recognizes the Concept in everything’ it is still possible, these poems show, to experience resistance to this imperious process of conceptualization. Within thinking objects (poems) these are objects which do not think.

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