Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897–1945

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Igbafe
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
British Occupation ◽  
Strong Expression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time

Slavery and pawning were closely related though different institutions in precolonial Benin society. In many areas of Nigeria and indeed West Africa, colonial rule signified the end of the slave trade but domestic slavery was left undisturbed for quite a long time. The earliest of the slave dealing ordinances merely contained clauses in favour of manumission. In Benin, however, for quite peculiar reasons, the British attack on slavery came with the first entry of British troops into the area. First, emancipation was used to facilitate British occupation. Later, the drive for manumission was a strong expression of the British commitment to a principle which grew out of the ad hoc adoption of measures favouring emancipation.In the attack on slavery and pawning in Benin, the native courts were heavily relied upon as well as the use of ordinances and proclamations. The abolition of slavery and pawning created a welter of problems on the social, economic and political planes.This paper examines these problems and how they were handled by the British administration in Benin. Changes in the society which were the byproducts of emancipation as well as factors which made emancipation possible are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Benkei for Every Age: Musashibō Benkei as Palimpsest

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-103
Author(s):  
Christopher Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Climate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Literary Characters

This article traces the history of Benkei production—the production of texts concerning Musashibō Benkei—to show that the image of Benkei is not stable, but rather has been adapted and modified repeatedly since the fourteenth century according to the social, economic, political, and cultural climate, as well as the narrative needs, of various eras. Each new instance of Benkei production does not erase or overwrite the previous instances, but rather adds another layer to the cultural construct “Benkei.” This article is not intended to be a comprehensive overview of Benkei works, nor is it particularly an attempt to unearth obscure Benkei works. Instead, the article shows how literature and literary characters can be adapted and transformed over a long time frame. It addresses relatively well-known texts, but examines them in the context of a history of Benkei texts that reveal a shifting, changing image of Benkei responsive to historicized cultural environments.

In Principio Erat Verbum

2022 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Cristina Vaz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Biopsychosocial Perspective

This chapter discusses the origins of the various models used as a basis for health communication through a literature review. Models seek to represent reality and are dynamic constructs that evolve as the world's own needs and discoveries are made. Particularly in health, a territory for a long time dominated by the biomedical model and a passive view of its recipients, the models have brought a breath of fresh air to the true human dimension. Among the various models that have been defended based on a biopsychosocial perspective, the cognitive, behavioral, emotional components of the human being are reflected, as well as their context and environment in which they move, namely the social, economic, cultural, political, and other dimensions. It is also the determinants of health that influence the whole and that make the interpersonal relationship in health richer and representative of the complex human dimension seen in a holistic way.

Maritime Families

1999 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Social Affairs

This chapter contains a detailed record of seven Liverpool-based families and their involvement in the city’s historical maritime economy. The report focuses on the social and economic lives of the Cropper, Earle, Crosbie-Oates, Danson, Stubbs, Mather and Laird families, and uses the family’s business and social affairs to provide an insight into slave trade; abolition; maritime law; shipping trade; the palm oil trade with West Africa; and emigration to Ireland and America. Resources featured include letters; minutes taken; estate deeds and family papers; business papers; newspaper clippings; accounts; diary extracts and travel journals; scrapbooks; and printed pamphlets.

Niumi: A Nineteenth-Century Mandingo Kingdom

Africa ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Small River ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphBy the middle of the nineteenth century Niumi, a small Mandingo kingdom at the mouth of the Gambia river in West Africa, was on the verge of profound social changes. Until almost the end of the century it was swept by secular and religious warfare, important segments of its population were displaced, many members of its ruling clans were killed or driven into exile, and the state itself was divided to be later reconstituted under European colonial rule. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the social-political organization of Niumi in the 1850s before the traditional political system which had existed for over two centuries was destroyed. Niumi was one of fourteen small river kingdoms, ruled by Mandingo, some more clearly defined and centralized than others, together comprising one of the major areas of Mandingo settlement in West Africa. Although Niumi enjoyed a favoured economic position among these Mandingo states of the Senegambia its institutions were typical of Mandingo organization in the area and its history has proceeded along lines similar to the rest.

scholarly journals Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Yushau Sodiq
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
Commercial Expansion ◽  
Economic Expediency

Without doubt, Gomez has made a great contribution to the understandingof Islam in Bundu. Although a few works have been published onIslam in West Africa, Gomez’s work is a valuable addition. The authorbegins by locating Bundu on the map of West Africa and explaining thescope of his research and the sources upon which he relies. Gomez attributesthe success of Bundu as a state to its pragmatic policies, which, healleges, were predetermined by its founders. By pragmatism he means:a policy in which the pursuit of commercial and agriculturaladvantage supersedes all other considerations, to the extent thatalliances and rivalries with both neighboring polities andEuropean powers are determined by economic expediency, andare subject to rapid and frequent realignment. (p. 2)Compliance with this policy implies that the foreign and domesticaffairs are not based on advancing the claims of Islam, but rather on promotingpeaceful coexistence among all groups, be they Muslim or non-Muslim, in Bundu.This book is designed for general readers. The author discusses majorissues in Bundu and Senegambia before the imposition of colonial rule andadministration. He analyzes critically the significant roles played by Almaamis(the imams) Malik Sy, Buba Malik, Maka Jiba, Amadi Gai, BokarSaada, and Mamadu Lamine and provides a clear explanation of the Bundustate’s gradual development from the sixteenth century until 1902. He alsoshows the French administration’s insidious politics of divide and rule in St.Louis, Bakel, and Senegal, which was designed to weaken Bundu by instigatingconflict between one imam and another and to control the trade inthis area (pp. 95-97). Throughout his analysis, Gomez reiterates cautiouslyhis thesis that Bundu’s leaders were never interested in advancing Islam orestablishing a strong Islamic state. Rather, they were “essentially concernedwith preservation and commercial expansion of the state” (p. 99).Toward the end of the book, he deals more with the leadership ofBokar Saada, who reigned for a long time despite the lack of popular support. Bokar Saada was a leader forced on Bundu by French administrators ...

scholarly journals The plight of the Tharu Kamaiyas in Nepal: A review of the social, economic and political facets

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 22-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time

The PDF of this file is 3,160 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to [email protected]. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v9i0.1134Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.9 2005 p.22-46

ISLAM PADA MASA KESULTANAN BANTEN

ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Maftuh Maftuh
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Islamic Militancy ◽  
Religious Understanding

For many observers, Banten is well known as an area where the population has a strict religious understanding onislamic law. Colonial officials and experts in Islamic studies such as Snouck Hurgronje and GF Pijper, testified that compared to other Muslims across Java , Muslim in Banten and Cirebon were stricter in practicing Islam . The phenomenon of the social life of the religious community in Banten is necessarily formed within a very long time span. This paper traces the root of the formation of public religious understanding ojMuslim in Banten. Using a socio-historical approach, this paper then leads to the conclusion that the sultan of Banten issued policies that had a greater emphasis to the adherence to the Shari'a rather than Sufism. Religious orientation on the fiqh-oriented can explain the Islamic militancy Banten community, as witnessed by the colonial officials, and even still can be seen up to this present moment.Key words: Jslamization, Sultanate, Banten

Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve King
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

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