The Yoruba Toll System: its operation and abolition

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin Falola
Keyword(s):  
Military Power ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Gradual Approach

The Yoruba toll system has not been studied, in spite of its important place in Yoruba economy and politics. This essay fills the gap by examining toll collection among the Yoruba-speaking states of south-western Nigeria. It is divided into two parts, the first on the practice of toll collection during the pre-colonial era and the second on the changes introduced by the colonial administration. For the pre-colonial, it emphasizes the dominant aspects of the system, most notably the significance of toll revenue in relation to other sources of income; the control of toll gates by chiefs in order to appropriate the revenues; the character and privileges of collectors; and the features of collection at the toll gates, especially the duties imposed and their implications for trade.The second part explains the steps taken by the new colonial administration to regulate toll collection after 1893, notably by the reduction of customs houses and the printing of tariffs. These reforms failed to solve the problems of corruption by toll clerks and evasions and smuggling by traders, or allay the fear that the imposition of tolls constituted an obstacle to modern commerce. Consequently, the colonial administration decided to abolish the system, and was able to achieve this between 1904 and 1908. Both reforms and abolition were possible because of the gradual approach adopted, the administrative and military power available to the administration, and its ability to generate alternative sources of revenue to maintain itself and pay the chiefs. There can be no doubt that abolition was a major step towards the constitution of the colonial economy.

The Land-Bank System in the American Colonies

1953 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Large Degree ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
The Times ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Land Bank ◽  
Reserve System

One need not be very conversant with modern money, credit, and banking to find in them a kinship with the land banks of the Colonial era. In a manner suggestive of our Federal Reserve System, the Colonial land banks exerted a wide influence over the economic life of the times. Indeed, the functions of the land-bank system embraced every phase of the Colonial economy. Its history to a large degree comprises the history of currency, money values, inflation, credit, public finance, and economic development in eighteenth-century America.

The Development of the Theatre in French-speaking West Africa

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-180
Author(s):  
Unionmwan Edebiri
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
West African ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
French Colonial

French-speaking African drama owed much of its growth in the colonial era to French initiative and support. From 1933 to the late 40s, French-speaking African drama was virtually synonymous with the end-of-year theatrical presentations at the William Ponty School in Gorée, Senegal. Not only did the French colonial administration encourage the students to tour the capitals of French West African colonies with their plays during the holidays but it also sponsored a William Ponty School troupe to the International Exhibition in Paris in 1937, where it performed Sokamé and Les prétendants rivaux.

Impact of the ban on postlarvae collection on the livelihoods of fry collectors in Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Market Prices ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
By Catch

Abstract Collecting wild shrimp fry is an important livelihood for thousands of poor households in the coastal zone of Bangladesh, although this is a distress-driven occupation. People catch fry because there are few alternative sources of income in coastal areas. Many of the poorest fry catchers are trapped in a cycle of debt with fry traders who buy the fry from them at sub-market prices. Fry collecting is associated with high levels of by-catch and the Government attempted to ban the practice in 2002. However, a continuing demand for wild fry, a lack of enforcement resources, pressure from wild fry traders and the limited alternative livelihoods for fry catchers mean that this fishing practice is likely to continue. The effect of the ban is to criminalise the poorest segment of the coastal community and expose them to toll collection from local enforcement agencies. The solution lies not in regulating the capture of wild fry but in providing alternative livelihood opportunities and social support mechanisms for fry catchers, improving the quality of hatchery fry to reduce the demand for wild fry, and targeting regulatory measures to destructive types of gear (including the 'behundi' net) and sensitive areas.

Hunters, Poachers and Gamekeepers: Towards A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Steinhart
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Economy

This paper sets out to examine the interactions between African and white hunters in colonial Kenya in an effort to understand the nature of the confrontation between the competing cultural traditions of hunting under colonial conditions. It examines the major tradition of African hunting in eastern Kenya among African residents of Kwale, Kitui and Meru districts from oral and archival materials, arguing that the place of subsistence hunting in the economy of African farmers has been systematically denigrated in the colonial literature. Next, the various representatives of the European hunting tradition in Kenya are surveyed: sportsmen, travellers, settlers, and professionals. A preliminary assessment is made of their impact on game and the growing need for conservation. The history of the game and national park departments, which administered the hunting laws and were charged with the preservation of wildlife, is next described. The records of the colonial Game Department provide a key source for the reconstruction of the attempts to control African poaching and regulate European hunting in the interests of the preservation of game and the control of the colonial economy. At the end of the colonial era, with the emergence of a new sensibility to conservation, Kenya's gamekeepers engaged in a major, successful anti-poaching campaign in eastern Kenya's Tsavo Park. This was the climactic confrontation between the two cultures in their contest for control over Kenya's wildlife resources.

The Quality of Liquor in Nigeria During the Colonial Era

Itinerario ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Heap
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
Important Constituent

The Nigerian liquor trade provoked fierce debate: was it advancing development or fashioning an economy based on the unproductive consumption of alcohol? The liquor trade was caught between two prevailing colonial perspectives on African economic development: the Darwinian-based principle that Western civilisation had a duty to protect Africans from all bad external influences, and the civilise-through-trade concept seeking to modernise Africans by exploiting colonies to their fullest potential. Humanitarian concerns and economic interests were entangled. Positive views of the liquor trade claimed its necessity in developing the Nigerian economy. Some admitted that the trade formed a necessary evil, but did not fail to emphasise its role as a transitional currency, promoter of cash-crops-forexport, and a desirable commodity among those with money to spend. Merchants saw commerce as a great civilising agent, with the liquor trade as its most important constituent. On the other hand, liquor trade critics used the temperance equation to further their cause: drinking alcohol was bad, abstinence was good. Arguing that the imposition of ‘a Rum and Gin Civilization’ would be ‘a hydra that devours the natives’, halting useful commerce and hindering economic development, they agitated for Prohibition and a complete restructuring of the colonial economy along alcoholfree lines.

scholarly journals The Transition of The Central Port of Colonial Era : From Old Bataviato Tanjung Priok Port

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzan Baihaqi ◽  
Zakiya Darojat
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
High Sedimentation ◽  
Old City ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Dutch East Indies

This paper discusses the ports and government policy particularly in the transition of the central port of colonial period of the old port of Batavia to the port of Tanjung Priok Year 1887-1930. The aim of this research is to understand the colonial response to the development of international shipping world, which impact on the colonial economy. Here, the position of the Dutch East Indies must dare to take the policy to change the trading center is no longer in the Port near the old city but must move to the east of Batavia namely Tanjung Priok.The method used in this research is qualitative. While the data collection is done through literature research and documentation. This data analysis technique based on heuristic techniques, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research conducted, it is found that the removal of port from the old town of Batavia to Tanjung Priok which allegedly the Dutch East Indies economic actors will not grow because of the rarity of people living around the harbor. The facts in the field of Tanjung Priok developed into the largest international port in the territory of the Indies Netherlands.The results show that the development of the harbor east of Batavia is at the center of the old city portographic port of Batavia which has high sedimentation of large ships unable to dock to the port. The Tanjung Priok central port is growing on the basis of a colonial annual report of the vast number of outposts with 20 other countries that have their homecoming in the Port.

Judicial Intervention in Selected Colonial Boundary Disputes in South West Nigeria: Surveying the Provenance and Effects of Procedural Errors

Utafiti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Dolapo Zacchaeus Olupayimo
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Judicial Intervention ◽  
South West ◽  
Boundary Disputes ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Family Survival

Boundary disputes form an integral part of regular disputes commonly found across the world. There is no doubt that such disputes have occurred in both pre-colonial and colonial Nigerian societies, and more generally in both agrarian and nomadic economies around the African continent where land has been central to culture, political and family survival. Arguably, when these conflicts took place in pre-colonial polities of South-West Nigeria, they were settled. However, when the British colonial administration attempted to adjudicate in this kind of disagreement, they committed a number of procedural errors. This essay examines selected cases adjudicated by the colonial administrators who doubled as judicial officers during the colonial period with specific focus on these procedural issues. In some cases protocols were respected; but there were also cases where the procedures were relaxed in the interest of British colonial economy. It is argued here that where the procedures were followed, there was a fair resolution; whereas when procedures were relaxed, issues still remain unresolved very many years after.

Early Colonial Health Developments in Mauritius

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kader A. Parahoo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Large Sections ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

The historical development of Mauritius and in particular the early developments in health care are crucial to an understanding of the contemporary health system. The introduction of major epidemic diseases through the movements of French soldiers to and from India and the immigration of indentured laborers from India account for the high mortality and morbidity rates in the 18th and 19th centuries and later. The colonial economy created and -fortified the dependence on a single cash crop and on imported food. It also contributed toward the impoverization of large sections of the Mauritian population. The colonial era is also responsible for initiating a three tier system of health care.

scholarly journals THE TOWN DEVELOPMENT IN TELUK ANSON DURING BRITISH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION, 1874-1957

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Tuan Waheda Tuan Chik ◽  
Khairi Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Town

This study is about the emergence and development of the town of Teluk Anson or is now known by the name of Teluk Intan located in the Lower Perak district from 1874 to 1957 during the British colonial administration. Urban development was booming during the British administration due to colonial economic and political activities. This has led to several areas of economic activity in Perak emerging and expanding to a city while establishing a western-oriented urban concept. In terms of development, it had a positive impact on the urban development and socio-economic of society in Teluk Anson. Therefore, the study was fully carried out by using qualitative methods through document analysis approaches such as the Perak Secretariat and Perak Annual Report obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia. The use of secondary sources such as books and writings of studies on the economics and history of the town during the British colonial era was also used to reinforce the findings. The findings show that a number of economic activities had contributed to the development and transformation of the Teluk Anson urban landscape such as trading activities at the main wharf and commercial agriculture. This indirectly contributed to the development of the Teluk Anson urbanization network. Overall, the British administration policy in the state of Perak has driven the emergence and development of the Teluk Anson town and this was driven by the trade at the wharf and commercial agriculture. Thus, the Teluk Anson town was one of the major cities of trade during the British colonial era.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF TELUK ANSON TOWN IN THE STATE OF PERAK, MALAYSIA, 1882 - 1957

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Dr.Khairi Ariffin ◽  
Dr.Ganesan Shanmugavelu ◽  
Dr.Mohd.Hairy Ibrahim ◽  
Dr.Ishak Saat ◽  
Mohd.Kamal Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
The City

The writing of this study is about the town of Teluk Anson in the state of Perak, Malaysia, during the British colonial era. The opening of the Teluk Anson town has been a factor in the development of economic activities in Teluk Anson especially with the existence of the Teluk Anson port which is the focus of merchant ships from within and outside Perak. The availability of road and rail links has made Teluk Anson the focus of the arrival of various communities to contribute to the economic boom in Teluk Anson. This study uses a qualitative method that emphasizes on the analysis of primary and secondary documents obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and public universities in Malaysia. The findings of the study indicate that the rapid progress and development of the Teluk Anson town under the British colonial administration has driven the Teluk Anson urbanization process by providing various infrastructure facilities for the Teluk Anson community. The construction of a medium of communication through roads, railways, and the opening of a port made Teluk Anson an important economic destination for European investors and local traders. In conclusion, the city of Teluk Anson is a very important city in developing economic activities and one of the centers of British colonial administration in the state of Perak. KEYWORDS : Teluk Anson, Municipilaty, British Colonial, Port, Infrastructure

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