ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE TO THE STRUCTURE OF FORTRESS OF WAR IN JALAN TOK HAKIM, KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN

The British pillboxes in Kelantan are a monument with undeniable historical value. The British built the defense was intended to defend the area from colonial attacks during World War II. However, the study results found that this pillbox was left alone until this structure had been damaged. Some forts were inundated with water and sand because these buildings were mostly in coastal areas. One of the pillboxes that have suffered structural damage is in Jalan Tok Hakim, Kota Bharu, with coordinates 6 ° 07´46.9 ° N 102 ° 14´04.2 ° E. The methods used in this study, observation, measurement, notes, and drawings, identify the damage that has occurred to the structure of this pillbox.

LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF ‘GURULATIH’ AS A PRACTITIONER OF TRADITIONAL HEALING IN THE SENI SILAT PUSAKA GAYONG MALAYSIA IN KELANTAN ACCORDING TO MAX WEBER'S THEORY

A trainer plays a very important role in imparting silat martial arts knowledge to ensure the validity of the knowledge learned. In addition, trainers are also considered as a symbol of perfection and are accountable in self-defense institutions. Through this study, the researcher has conducted a more in-depth analysis of the leadership of trainers according to Max Weber's theoretical views in operating a martial arts organization, the existence of traditional healing processes in martial arts, identify the type of disease experienced by trainees and to see the effectiveness of treatment towards the patient. In this this study, the researcher utilised the participant-observant method and interviewing respondents consisting of martial arts trainers in Kelantan. As a result, the researcher found that a trainer not only plays a role in teaching martial arts but is also responsible in learning and practicing traditional treatment. This is important in elevating the status of a silat trainer as a respectable and trusted leader.

REDISCOVERING THE DIGITAL SEGMENTATION OF ORGAN DONORS IN MALAYSIA: AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW

Effective insights about market segmentation provide important information for social marketers in formulating a sound marketing plan. This importance could also be observed in the context of the digital segmentation of organ donors in Malaysia. Digital segmentation has become a crucial element in organ donation promotion as fuelled by the rapid shift to the digital world especially social media. In this sense, a sound marketing campaign for organ donation promotion is critically needed due to the low rate of organ donation registrations among Malaysians. Therefore, by focusing on people’s inclination to shift to social media and the importance of organ donation in Malaysia, the current study presents a systematic literature review to examine the potential of digital segmentation regarding organ donation promotion via social media. The current study successfully identified university students as the digital target segment for organ donors in Malaysia. This study also observed a massive opportunity to discover a new market segment due to the rapidly increasing number of digital users and the anticipated higher demand for organ donation in the near future. Additional research could optimise the current study findings to further study the effectiveness of organ donation campaigns. Besides that, stakeholders such as the Ministry of Health Malaysia could benefit from current research findings in formulating a sound organ donation marketing campaign.

DIGITAL PRESERVATION OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF JOGET DANCE MOVEMENT USING MOTION CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY

Culture and heritage play a major role in the Malay community in terms of linguistic, art craft, traditional ceremonies, music, activities, and performing arts. The Malay folk dances are most frequently described as a way of human expression through movement and traditional elements in storytelling, ritual, feeling manifestation, and conveying the Malay manner and customs as pillars of the Malay ethnic. Joget was created based on Branyo, a famous Portuguese folk dance. It is a hybrid of culture between the West and the East, reflecting heavily the Malay identity and characteristics as the core philosophy of choreography in the routine. The new creation of Malay dance has positively impacted Malay cultural activities. It has also threatened the original dance form which is being forgotten further from the philosophy. This paper was executed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Interviews and literature reviews were used to expose the rich diversity of two-element; joget and motion capture technology. Data verification, data compilation, data comparison, and triangulation are used as a form of data analysis. The results of the study found that the practice of motion capture has been massively used in digitising intangible assets for 3D application in the form of gaming, video interactive, education entertainment, and learning animation as a platform of education and training as a preservation and protection strategy. But motion capture technology has the potential to be explored as a medium in discovering a quality of trajectory micro visualization of joget dance movement and analyse the symbols or signs that can benefit to the young generation that provides a local sense of unity and belongingness that can help develop a new interest in enhancing cultural values and appreciation.

THE ART INCULTURATION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART OF JESUS GANJURAN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE SPIRITUALITY OF THE PEOPLE

The connection between art and religion is found in several places. The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Ganjuran, Yogyakarta is proof of the cohesion between art and religion in Indonesia. Inculturation is the process of adapting Catholic teachings with local culture, one of which is with art. This study aims to describe the cultural unquenching that occurred in the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Ganjuran Yogyakarta and its implications on the spirituality of the people. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with phenomenological approaches. The results showed that the inculturation that occurred resulted in a variety of art activities and art artifacts including Javanese liturgy, liturgical gamelan, Javanese architecture such as pendopo (Javanese pavilion), Javanese versions of Jesus and Mary statues and temples. The spirituality of the people is awakened with the concept of Java which is thick in its worship. Liturgical gamelan is one of the integral components in worship that makes a bond as man's sacred activity with God. The contemporary aspect can be seen from the gamelan classical rules that combine with the choir that forms a new aesthetic. It can touch the people in feeling the presence of God through local culture. The cohesiveness of the value of art and religion can stimulate people to experience the same religious and aesthetic experiences in worship.

THE ARTS AND HISTORICAL REMAINS IN THE CAVE TEMPLES IN IPOH, MALAYSIA

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the arts and historical remains in the cave temples of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Ipoh is well known for its numerous limestone cave temples. Based on the fieldwork survey from 2016 to 2020, Ipoh has 50 cave temples. Before the survey, the number of cave temples in Ipoh was unknown. These cave temples can be divided into three types based on their physical appearances. The paper discusses the arts and historical remains kept in selected cave temples that were established before World War II. The arts discussed in this paper can be divided into visual and literary arts, such as mural, drawing, statue and poetry. The majority of the historical remains taken are archival and epigraphical materials. The epigraphical materials are carved in bronze bells, wooden tablets, brass censers, stone inscriptions, and other materials. This paper aims to highlight the diversity of the arts and historical remains in Nusantara.

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA INSTITUTE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Internet addiction among teenagers is an important issue discussed around the world. Almost all experts cite this issue as part of the main problems the country faces. While teenagers are the main group involved in this issue. This study uses quantitative methods as the main design. This survey study involved respondents consisting of 614 trainee teachers selected according to IPG zones throughout Malaysia. A descriptive statistical approach was used to obtain the level of internet addiction. While the inferential statistical method is used to see the relationship between the variables that have been set. The questionnaire instrument was adapted from An Internet Addiction Scale by Kimberly (1998) which was modified to coincide with the study conducted. The analysis was conducted using SPSS and analyzed descriptively to explain the findings of the study. The findings of this study as a whole found that internet addiction among students at IPG is at a moderate level where it is still under control and can be managed well without interfering with their daily lives. It is hoped that this study can provide good input to all parties to formulate actions for the well-being of society by forming a new generation that is concerned about the selection and use of information resources on the internet effectively.

ANALISIS KEROSAKAN KUBU PEPERANGAN TINGGALAN BRITISH PADA ZAMAN PEPERANGAN DUNIA KE II DI KAMPUNG GER, BACHOK, KELANTAN

Kubu merupakan sebuah tempat perlindungan atau pertahanan yang dibina khusus bagi mempertahankan sesuatu kawasan daripada serangan pihak musuh. Pihak tentera akan mencari tempat perlindungan atau berkubu untuk mempertahankan kawasan atau petempatan daripada serangan musuh dari pelbagai arah seperti serangan udara dan serangan darat dengan membina sendiri samada dengan menggali lubang, membuat dinding besi, dinding pasir atau konkrit bergantung kepada tujuan dan jangkamasa penggunaannya. Kubu peperangan juga memainkan peranan penting dalam strategi pertahanan statik bagi setiap pasukan ketenteraan untuk mematahkan serangan musuh. Walaubagaimanapun, pada hari ini kubu peperangan yang terdapat di Kampung Ger, Bachok yang berkoordinat N6.001235 ° E102.429801 ° telah mengalami beberapa kerosakan yang lama kelamaan akan menyebabkan berlakunya kemusnahan. Penyelidikan yang menggunakan kaedah yang bersistematik seperti catatan, pemerhatian, dan pengambilan gambar telah mengenalpasti jenis-jenis kerosakan yang telah dialami oleh monumen ini. Melalui analisis XRF juga dapat membuktikan bahawa kandungan mineral yang terdapat dalam binaan kubu ini juga telah mempengaruhi kerosakan.

READING UNDERSTANDING OF PRAYER WORSHIP AMONG MALAY MUSLIM NUSANTARA COMMUNITY: PROPOSED MODULE

Awareness Malay Muslim community in worship today is greatly increased. Education in the mosque for the public in the city as well as in the villages and hamlets is more advanced and extensive, covering all areas such as ‘aqidah, fiqh, morality, and so on. But in studying the basic sciences, the Malay Muslim culture still tied to the correct reading only, where they emphasize reading, implementing (fi'li), and keep the traditions, without focusing on the question of which maximum understanding and the self-values of such worship. The recitation of ibadah such as the recitation of prayers, supplications, and others is very much demanded to appreciate its meaning because it is one of the ‘obligatory ibadah in Islam. Understanding this reading is an important factor in obtaining the value of khusyu 'in worship. Then this article will focus on forms of worship into Malay Islamic culture that demands changes for the better and positive impact on the lives of individuals, families. society in a country. The author took a field research method to assess the needs of the community and the form of modules that need to be absorbed to them in understanding the daily worship conducted. The study showed that they are very excited with the proposed module and the results of the sample implementation test greatly affect the reading comprehension 'worship and can achieve the value of khusyu 'in performing worship.

ROUTE DETERMINATION OF HISTORICAL ROADS BY LOCATION OF PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENTS: NORTH OF LAKE EBER

Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural heritage in Turkey. These settlements are important for understanding the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the people who had lived in the past. As a matter of fact, these ancient settlements (mounds) and their locations to each other are taken as a basis in understanding the prehistoric routes. In this study, a route is identified beginning from the settlements in the north of a lake called Eber Gölü, which is located in the western part of Turkey. In this project, the study methods of Ancient History, Archaeology and Geodesy, and Photogrammetry Engineering are used. According to that, first old settlements are identified, three-dimensional maps of these settlements are created and dating is carried on based on the ceramics (sherds) that are found on the settlements. All of this data is then overlapped. Successive settlements are observed in the east-west direction in the north of Lake Eber. These settlements reach a large mound called Üçhöyük in the westernmost part. In the east, it extends in different directions. Findings dating back to the 5th millennium BC (Chalcolithic Age) were found in these mounds. It is understood that the ceramics among these finds reflect a common tradition. This also supports the connection between these settlements. It is also possible to see some of these settlements from other settlements by the naked eye. Thus, it can be thought that the settlements in the north of the aforesaid lake have been in contact with each other since the prehistoric period. It can also be said that this relationship started in the Chalcolithic Age, continued during the Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, Hellenistic Period, and Roman Period, because it is determined that the findings (especially sherds) belonging to these periods are very similar.