Genetic and environmental causes of variation in birth weight of Black Bengal goats

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Moulick ◽  
O. Syrstad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Partial Correlation Coefficient

SUMMARYAn investigation on the different environmental and genetic causes of variation in the birth weight of Black Bengal goats was conducted at the Central Livestock Research-cum-Breeding Station, Haringhata, India. The data consisted of 1375 birth weight records of kids from 284 does and 20 bucks during the period from 1955 to 1961. The goats were maintained under standard farm management throughout the period.Year had significant effect on birth weight, while the effect of season was insignificant. The interaction was, however, significant. Male kids were significantly heavier at birth than the females. Age of dam and litter size also caused significant variation in birth weight of kids.From paternal half-sib analysis the heritability of birth weight was estimated to be 0·01. Full sib and maternal half sib analyses estimated the maternal environment common to litter mates to account for 60 % of the variance, out of which 25 % were due to permanent differences between dams. The remaining 39 % were attributed to individual environment, including most of the non-additive genetic variance. The heritability of maternal environment was estimated to be 0·2.The partial correlation coefficient between birth weight of kids and post-kidding body weight of their dam, independent of litter size and age of dam, was 0·175. Thus, body size of dam, as indicated by post kidding body weight, did not reveal much information about maternal environment.

SOME PRENATAL EFFECTS ON BIRTH SIZE IN LINCOLN AND SOUTHDOWN LAMBS PRODUCED BY RECIPROCAL OVUM TRANSFERS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. KARIHALOO ◽  
W. COMBS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Prenatal Effects

Effects at birth due to maternal environment, breed of lamb, litter size and sex of lamb on body weight and cannon bone length and width were studied in lambs born naturally and as a result of reciprocal ova transfer between Lincoln and Southdown ewes. Maternal environment, breed of lamb and litter size had a significant effect (P < 0.01) of 0.63, 0.59 and 0.61 kg, respectively, on birth weight. Effects due to sex of lamb on birth weight were small and not significant. Southdown lambs carried by Lincoln dams were 0.80 kg (25%) heavier at birth than those carried in their natural environment, but Lincoln lambs carried by Lincoln dams were only 0.50 kg (10%) heavier at birth than those carried by Southdown dams. Breed of lamb had a highly significant effect (P < 0.001) on cannon bone length, but effects due to all other factors were small and not significant. On cannon bone width only the effect of litter size was significant (P < 0.05).

PSXII-28 Effects of the nutritional plane before and after breeding on performance of different hair sheep breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
Farida Belkasmi ◽  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Luana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Female hair sheep, 27 Dorper (DOR), 41 Katahdin (KAT), and 39 St. Croix (STC), were used to determine influences of nutritional planes before and after breeding on performance. There were 35 multiparous and 72 primiparous sheep, the latter 2.8±0.20 yr of age. Wheat straw [4% crude protein; dry matter (DM) basis] was consumed ad libitum and supplemented with approximately 0.25% initial body weight (BW) of soybean meal (SBM; Low) or a 1:3 mixture of SBM and rolled corn at 1% BW (High; DM). The supplementation period was 162 d, and with breeding of animals in 2 groups sequentially the pre-breeding period was 84 and 97 d and that after breeding began was 78 and 65 d. Wheat straw DM intake (1.75, 1.30, 1.57, 1.15, 1.80, and 1.38% BW; SEM=0.112), average daily gain (-46, 42, -44, 70, -47, and 51 g; SEM=7.3), and change in body condition score (-0.61, 0.36, -0.53, 0.27, -0.39, and -0.18 for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.058) were influenced (P &lt; 0.05) by supplement treatment. Birth rate (66.7, 93.5, 84.6, 95.5, 82.8, and 100.0; SEM=9.83) and individual lamb birth weight (4.50, 4.61, 4.28, 3.98, 3.73, and 3.88 kg; SEM=0.201) were not affected by supplement treatment (P = 0.063 and 0.787, respectively), although litter size (0.92, 1.21, 1.17, 1.86, 1.12, and 1.82; SEM=0.221) and total litter birth weight (5.84, 5.74, 5.92, 7.52, 5.04, and 6.78 kg for DOR-Low, DOR-High, KAT-Low, KAT-High, STC-Low, and STC-High, respectively; SEM=0.529) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for High than for Low. In conclusion, although there was some compensation in wheat straw intake for the different levels of supplementation, SBM given alone rather than with cereal grain adversely affected body weight and condition and reproductive performance, the latter primarily through litter size but also via a trend for an effect on birth rate.

scholarly journals Accumulation of mutations affecting body weight in inbred mouse lines

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Caballero ◽  
Peter D. Keightley ◽  
William G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Divergence Estimates ◽  
Mouse Lines

SummaryThe variation from spontaneous mutations for 6-week body weight in the mouse was estimated by selection from a cross of two inbred sublines, C57BL/6 and C57BL/10, separated about 50 years previously from the same inbred line. Selection was practised high and low for 12 generations from theF2, followed by one generation of relaxation. The lines diverged by approximately 1·7 g or 0·7 sd. The additive genetic variance was estimated in theF2by restricted maximum likelihood and from the selection response, and from this variance the mutational heritabilityhM2was estimated using the number of generations since divergence. Estimates ofhM2range from 0·08 to 0·10% depending on the method of analysis. These estimates are similar to those found for other species, but lower than other estimates for the mouse. It is concluded that substantial natural and, perhaps, artificial selection operated during the maintenance of the sublines.

scholarly journals The limits to artificial selection for body weight in the mouse: IV. Sources of new genetic variance—irradiation and outcrossing

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cross

1. Two methods are examined of introducing new genetic variance into a line of mice selected for high 6-week weight which, at its limit, displayed no additive genetic variance.2. The first method—irradiation—gave largely negative results. Any further gain under selection that was achieved could not be clearly distinguished from a possible environmental trend.3. The second method—outcrossing to an unselected strain and then selecting from the cross—resulted in a clear gain over the original limit, but nine generations were required even to recover the original limit.4. Various methods of transcending selection limits are evaluated in terms of their application to livestock improvement.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BOBOT LAHIR DENGAN PENAMPILAN ANAK BABI SAMPAI DISAPIH

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Marfiane M. Nangoy ◽  
M. T. Lapian ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J. E. M. Soputan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Keywords Birth Weight ◽  
Observation Results

THE EFFECT OF BIRTH WEIGHT WITH THE APPEARANCE OF THE PIGLETS UNTIL WEANING. The purpose of this research is to determine the corellation of birth weight with the appearance of the piglets until weaning. This research used the method of observation. Results or data obtained in this research, piglets from each parent is divided into 3 categories: high, medium, low. Retrieval of data held on a new born piglets, piglets aged 1 week until the time of weaning. Parameters observed in this research is the birth weight of piglets per head, body weight gain, the weight of piglets, and mortality (MRTA) piglets before weaned (%). Data were analyzed and presented descriptively, which is describing and explaining the general picture of direct observation. Based on the results of this research we concluded that litter size piglets, determines how high the birth weight, weaning weight, body weight gain, and mortality. The greater the birth weight more likely to obtain a high weaning weight as in this research the highest birth weight is 1.64 kg after weaning reached 7.54 kg. Keywords: Birth Weight, Piglets, Weaning

scholarly journals Niğde İlinde Yetiştirilen Akkaraman Irkı Koyunların Bazı Döl Verim Özellikleri ve Kuzuların Büyüme Performansı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Ayhan Ceyhan ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu ◽  
Mustafa Duman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Birth Type ◽  
Lambing Rate

In this study, growth performance of Akkaraman lambs and some fertility parameters of Akkaraman sheep raised in semi extensive farm conditions were investigated. A total of 6300 heads Akkaraman ewes (6000 ewes and 300 rams) housed in 34 farms located in central villages of Niğde province were evaluated between 2012 and 2016. The data of birth weight of 30161 lambs, body weight of 29517 lambs aged 90 days old and some fertility parameters of 30000 heads ewes were used. The average lambing rate of ewes was found 90.1%. The twining rate of ewes was 20.8%; the average litter size was 1.12 lambs. Birth weights of Akkaraman sheep lambs was 4.23 kg, average 90th day live weights were 23.05 kg. Effects of year, birth type, dam age, and sex were found statistically significant on birth and 90-day live weights of the Akkaraman lambs. As a result, it was concluded that the fertility of Akkaraman sheep and growth characteristics of lambs raised by public under semi-extensive conditions could be improved and the economic situation of sheep farms could be better by the implementation such improvement project.

scholarly journals Estimation of variance components for bodyweight of grasscutters using expectation maximization algorithm of restricted maximum likelihood

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
I. Udeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Expectation Maximization ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Of Variance ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to estimate the variance components and heritability of bodyweight of grasscutters at 4, 6 and 8 months of age using EM algorithm of REML procedures. The data used for the study were obtained from the bodyweight records of 20 grasscutters from four families at 4, 6 and 8 months of age. The heritability of bodyweight of grasscutters at 4, 6 and 8 months of age were 0.14, 0.10 and 0.12 respectively. This implies that about 10 – 14 % of the phenotypic variability of body weight in this grasscutter population was accounted by additive genetic variance while environmental and gene combination variance made a larger contribution. The implication is that selection of grasscutters in this population should not be based on the information on the animals alone but also information fromits relatives.

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Gestation Time

Life cycle characteristics of northern Peromyscus maniculatus borealis were examined in the laboratory in order to identify specific adaptations to strongly seasonal environmental conditions. Although northern P. m. borealis are demographically K selected, body weight (19.2 g), gestation time (26.3 days for postpartum litters), litter size (5.0), birth weight (1.87 g), age at weaning (21.4 days), weight at weaning (9.26 g), growth rates (0.35 g/day), and energy requirements for lactation (181% increase attributable to five offspring) are all similar to those of other subspecies of P. maniculatus. General demographic conditions do not appear to have been important in the evolution of the life cycle characteristics of P. maniculatus.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characteristics Of Indigenous Sheep Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pervage ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MAI Talukder ◽  
MN Hasan ◽  
MAMY Khandoker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Better Than

This experiment was undertaken to know the phenotypic characteristics of native sheep. The study was conducted to investigate morphometric characters of sheep in three different field sites (Naogaon, Noakhali and Tangail) and Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) nucleus flock through close observation, measuring and record keeping. Characteristics of body weight, body length, heart girth, wither height, fore leg length, hind leg length, head length, ear length, ear width, horn length etc were collected from mature sheep. The results indicate that the average litter size, birth weight, weaning weight and body weight gain were comparatively higher in sheep of BLRI nucleus flock than those of other three regions. The average numbers of service/conception, post partum heat period (days), age at first heat (days), age at first lambing (days), lambing interval (days) were 1.30, 34.13, 266.50, 432.72, 192.17 respectively in BLRI nucleus flock which were comparatively better than the other three regions. The average litter size, birth weight (kg), weaning weight (kg) and body weight gain (g) in nucleus flock were 1.80, 1.19, 6.74 and 60.70 consequently. The overall performance of the sheep of BLRI nucleus flock were comparatively better than the others which may be due to the result of selective breeding, improve feeding, housing, health management etc. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9906 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 1-6

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document