The effect of plant density, date of apical bud removal and leaf removal on the growth and yield of single-harvest Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera D.C.): I. Whole plant and axillary bud growth

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fisher ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Bud Growth

SummaryThree field experiments are described in which the effect of plant density and date of stopping (removal of the apical bud) on the development of yield in several Brussels sprout cultivars was studied. In a fourth experiment, the effect of a leaf removal treatment was designed to assess the possible remobilization of dry matter to the buds from senescing leaves.A total plant dry weight of 1·2 kg/m2 was achieved with a hybrid cultivar at commercial densities. Although the crop growth rate was low in midsummer, growth continued until mid-October. Bud dry weight yield was curvilinearly related to plant density with 2 plants/m2 giving the highest yields of 0·35 kg/m2 in stopped crops in November. Rapid bud growth did not begin until September but the increase in bud dry weight continued into December and January. Early stopping increased bud dry weight yield and the ratio of bud weight to total shoot weight. In November, bud dry weight accounted for 25–40% of the total shoot dry weight for most treatments.In the leaf removal experiment, estimated net photosynthetic rate of the crop was greater than the bud growth rate up to the end of the experiment and there was no significant effect of removing leaves just prior to natural senescence on bud dry weight.The production and partition of dry matter is discussed in comparison with other vegetative crops. It is found that the proportion of total dry weight partitioned to the useful parts in Brussels sprouts is comparatively low. Factors controlling the date at which rapid bud growth begins are discussed. It is concluded that the dry matter in the axillary buds is derived from photosynthesis occurring at the time of bud growth and that the remobilization of dry matter from other plant parts is not of great importance.

Effects of sowing date, plant density and year on growth and yield of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata subvar. gemmifera)

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Abuzeid ◽  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Late Sowing

SummaryIn field experiments in 1983–85 in Northumberland, UK, early sowings achieved a leaf area index (LAI) of 3·5, capable of intercepting 90–95% total incident solar radiation, earlier than late sowings. As there was a close relationship between total dry weight, bud dry weight and amount of intercepted solar radiation, early sowings invariably outyielded later ones. The efficiency of energy conversion of radiation was 1·28, 2·05 and 2·11 g/MJ for total dry weight and 0·97, 0·83 and 0·67 g/MJ for bud dry weight in 1983, 1984 and 1985, respectively. Harvest index ranged from ca. 25% in 1985 to 40% in 1984.Increasing plant density from 2·22 to 6·66 plants/m2 advanced and increased maximum LAI and total and bud dry weight per m2 but had an adverse effect on distribution of dry matter. Maximum total dry weights were achieved at or slightly after maximum LAI. The onset of rapid bud growth coincided with maximum total standing dry weight and was advanced by early sowing but largely unaffected by plant density.Early-sown crops produced more buds than late-sown ones because of a longer growing season. Plant density had a large effect on the number of buds per m2, which was almost directly proportional as the number of buds per plant was not severely affected. However, individual bud size was restricted as a result of competition for assimilates. Approximately 80% of buds finally recorded had been produced before significant bud growth had occurred.Total bud fresh yields averaged over all sowing dates reached 17 t/ha in 1983 and 31 t/ha in 1984. The lower yield in 1983 was the result of late sowing caused by unfavourable weather. Early sowings significantly outyielded late ones because of earlier onset of rapid bud growth which gave a longer growing period. The effect of plant density on total sprout yield was less pronounced than that of sowing date but effects on yield per plant were large.Yields of buds in the freezing grade (20–30 mm) increased rapidly between late September and early to mid-November in both 1983 and 1984 and reached 7·5 and 8·8 t/ha, respectively. The difference between freezing-grade yields in the two years (1·3 t/ha) was much less than the difference between total yields (14 t/ha). Late sowing in 1983 restricted bud growth resulting in a higher proportion in the freezing grade. Plant density had a greater effect on freezing-grade yield than on total yield. Low planting densities gave high yields of small buds at early harvests but denser planting gave higher yields at later harvests. Generally, increases in bud fresh weight over the harvest period were greater than those in bud dry weight because of water uptake. The average dry matter content of buds declined by 2–5 % from October to January.The experiments confirmed that manipulation of sowing date and planting density is an effective way of spreading harvest date throughout the season in order to achieve an orderly sequence of crops for the fresh market and for processing.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT AS AFFECT BY PLANTING METHOD AND PLANT POPULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
AL-Hilfy & Al-Muger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Planting Method

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field, Dept. of Field Crop , Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad during the yeans of 2010 and 2011 to study growth and yield of peanut as affected by planting methods and plant population. A factorial arrangement in RCBD design with four replications were used , with two factors, the first one: three planting methods (planting on East, West and Twin rows) and the second factor: four spacing between plants (15, 25, 35 and 45) cm. The results showed that the planting method on east produced highest dry weight (117.51, 100.64) g.plant-1, growth rate (625.10, 532.40) mg.plant-1.day-1 , seed yield per plant (25.16, 32.25)g.plant-1, protein percent (26.01, 26.20)% for both seasons respectively. Moreover planting method on twin row  gave highest pod yield (4180, 3842) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.00, 46.20)% for both seasons respectively. The highest plant density 15 cm between plants gave highest pods yield (3960 3031 kg.ha-1, seed yield (2328.7, 1761.0) kg. ha-1, oil percentage (46.50, 46.28)%  for both seasons, respectively. The lowest plant density 45 cm between plants gave highest dry weight (124.07, 114.07) g.plant-1, growth rate (659.90, 603.50) mg. plant-1.day-1, seed yield per plant (36.05, 31.07)g. plant-1, protein percentage (26.40, 26.20)% for both seasons, respectively. The planting method on twin row with the high plant density 15 cm gave highest seed yield (2894.1, 2542.0) kg.ha-1, while the planting method on west and the low plant density 45 cm gave the lowest seeds yield (1051.3, 912.0) kg.ha-1 for both seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals 301 c and n fluxes in brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea VAR. gemmifera) during bud growth

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473d-473
Author(s):  
Remmie Booij ◽  
Bert Meurs
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
C And N

The harvest season for Brussels sprouts runs mainly from September to March. During this period the daylength is relatively short and the light intensity is low. Bud growth occurs, when photosynthesis is low. The question is, whether actual photosynthetic rate or rcdistrubution of earlier fixed photosynthates is the main source for bud growth. The aim of the present experiment was first to determine the gain of C and N and the distribution of these plant constituents within the plant, and second the role of the apical bud. Partitioning of dry matter over the plant parts and the allocation along the stem were determined. Contents of C, N, NO3 and soluble sugars in the dry matter were ascertained, and the total amounts of these components could be determined. From this analysis fluxes were calculated and the role of redistribution was investigated. Redistribution of soluble sugars and N from leaves before shedding contributed substantially to bud growth. The apical bud did not affect total dry matter production, but if removed, more dry matter became available for bud growth in the top region of the plant, resulting in a higher total bud yield.

Effects of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Oil Palm

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. V. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYCrop growth rate of oil palm increases with leaf area index (LAI) to about 40 tons/ha./yr at the highest LAIs obtained. Net assimilation rate and dry matter production per palm decrease with increasing LAI, but the amount of dry matter per palm incorporated in vegetative tissues is unaffected by density. As a result the optimal LAI for oil yield is considerably below the critical LAI for maximum crop growth rate.

Effects of paclobutrazol and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of maize

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. IREMIREN ◽  
P. O. ADEWUMI ◽  
S. O. ADULOJU ◽  
A. A. IBITOYE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Leaf N

In two field experiments conducted in 1991 and 1992 at Akure, Nigeria, 0–12 and 0–24 ml/l of the plant growth regulator, paclobutrazol, and 0, 75 and 150 kg N/ha were applied to maize in factorial combinations. Substantial vegetative growth occurred with increasing N rates in 1991 and this accelerated 50% silking date. Paclobutrazol influenced maize growth at this stage only in 1992 when 12 and 24 ml/l depressed plant height and increased both stem girth and leaf number/plant.Higher paclobutrazol application rates decreased plant height at maturity in both years while, in 1991, 150 kg N/ha enhanced it, and also stem girth and shoot dry matter yield. In 1991, both ear and grain dry weight yield/m2 increased with higher N rates while in 1992 4–24 ml/l paclobutrazol enhanced ear dry yield/m2 compared with untreated maize.Both chlorophyll a and b in the ear leaf increased with higher rates of paclobutrazol and N fertilizer, except in 1992 when high leaf N tended to mask the effect of paclobutrazol. N fertilizer in 1991 enhanced the contents of N and Ca in the ear leaf while depressing P, compared with untreated maize.

Growth rates of three cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under varying population densities

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Cassava Varieties

SummaryThe effect of variety and spacing on growth, development and yield of cassava and the relationship between growth, development and yield in three cassava varieties were investigated during the 1971 and 1972 growing seasons. Msitu Zanzibar outyielded Aipin Valenca and these two varieties in turn outyielded Amani 4026/16. The varietial effect was associated with differences in the rate of bulking. Increase in plant density led to an increase in the yield of tubers per hectare, the mean increase with increasing plant density being greater in Aipin Valenca than in either Amani 4026/16 or Msitu Zanzibar. Increase in plant density from 12000 to 18000 plants/ha led to a decrease in root tuber yield in Amani 4026/16. The calculated optimum density for maximum yield was 6·7, 6·4 and 5·6 plants/m2 respectively for Msitu Zanzibar, Aipin Valenca and Amani 4026/16. The spacing effect on tuber yield was associated with differences in the rate of bulking. Aipin Valenca was usually taller than the other varieties and, in general, increase in plant density increased the height of the plants.Final total dry matter/m2 was greater in Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16 and, with the exception of the last variety, total dry matter/m2 increased with increasing plant density. Total dry matter produced per plant was greater in Msitu Zanzibar than in Aipin Valenca and these two varieties had greater dry weight per plant than Amani 4026/16. In the three cassava varieties, the dry weight per plant increased with decreasing plant density.A greater proportion of the total dry matter was diverted into the root tubers of Aipin Valenca and Msitu Zanzibar than in Amani 4026/16. Generally, increase in plant density decreased the proportion of total dry matter diverted into the root tubers. Mean crop growth rate increased with increasing plant density while mean net assimilation rate and relative growth rate decreased with increasing plant density. Amani 4026/16 and Aipin Valenca had a greater mean crop growth rate and a greater net assimilation rate than Msitu Zanzibar. Mean relative growth rate was greater in the latter than in the former two varieties.Leaf area index and leaf area duration were greater in Msitu Zanzibar than in the other two varieties and these tended to increase with increasing plant density.There was a close and positive relationship between rate of bulking and root tuber yield and the lack of a positive relationship between leaf area duration and tuber yield is discussed.

Effect of plant population on growth and yield of soya bean(Glycine max)

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Matter Production

SummaryIn soya beans (var. 3H55F4/149/1) grown in Tanzania, the total dry matter per plant, pod weight/stem weight, shelling percentage, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, percentage number of nodes with pods, number of filled pods per plant, number of branches per plant, and grain weight from side branches decreased with increase in plant density from 74 to 111, 222, and 444 thousand plants per hectare. Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, which in turn increased with increasing plant density. Relative growth rate, however, decreased with rising population. Over the range of the densities studied grain yield was positively related to number of side branches but negatively related to dry-matter production, leaf area duration and percentage of light intercepted. The proportion of dry matter accumulated in the pods and side branches decreased with increase in population, whereas the proportion accumulated in the main stem increased. Light seems to be the major factor controlling grain yield in this variety of soya bean, low light intensity under the plant leading to a reduction in the number of side branches, number of pods per plant and number of nodes with pods.

scholarly journals Effects of sowing time on growth and yield performance of six high yielding varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
AMM Golam Adam ◽  
Nargis Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of six high yielding varieties of wheat viz., BARI Gom-23, BARI Gom-24, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-28 in four sowing time. BARI Gom-24 sown on November 29 produced tallest plant after the age of 45 days with significant variations. Results also indicated that November 15 sown BARI Gom-25 resulted the highest number of tillers, leaves and total dry matter per plant throughout the growth ages with a few exceptions where dry matter produced at the age of 60, 75 and 90 days were significantly higher. Yield parameters viz., number of grains per plant, dry weight of spike, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant, yield per hectare and harvest index were recorded maximum from BARI Gom-25. On the other hand, seeds sown on November 15 produced significantly higher value in all yield contributing characters except number of effective tillers and number of grains per spike. In case of combined treatments, November 15 sown wheat showed similar trend in majority of yield parameters of BARI Gom-25 where, dry weight of spike, 1000- grain weight, yield per plant and yield per hectare were significantly higher than rest of the treatments. Out of six varieties, BARI Gom-25 was the best performed variety. November 15 sown wheat had remarkable effects on yield attributes and yield of most of the varieties but beyond this time yield of wheat reduced significantly.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

Growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata sub var. gemmifera)

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson ◽  
A. E. Abuzeid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Size Profile ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Subtending Leaves

SUMMARYIn 1984 and 1985, the growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts plants was studied at Cockle Park, Northumberland, UK. Bud growth commenced in late September or early October and continued at all nodes until the final harvest in December. Total bud yield increased at a broadly constant rate until late November but at a decreasing rate thereafter. Plants produced c. 100 nodes with buds ≥ 5 mm diameter. The largest buds were c. 40 mm diameter and 25 g fresh weight. Bud size increased from the base of the stem upwards to between the 20th and 40th nodes and then decreased towards the apex. Nodes 20–40 (20% of the total) produced c. 40–45% of total bud yield. The size profile of leaves along the stem followed a similar pattern to the buds and the largest buds were in the axils of the largest leaves. There were close relationships between bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and volume and log10 bud fresh weight and log10 bud size (r2 ≥ 0·995). The density of buds was c. 0·8 and bud fresh weight doubled for each 5 mm increase in bud diameter.Current photosynthesis of the leaf canopy was apparently the major source of assimilates for bud growth. A C14 tracing experiment suggested that growth of individual buds was mainly supported by their subtending leaves. There was no evidence of re-translocation of dry matter from dying leaves or the stems to buds or of substantial production of dry matter by the buds themselves. Rates of bud photosynthesis were only about 10% of the rate of leaves. The continued increase in bud fresh weight and size at the lowest nodes when leaves were senescing rapidly and after they had abscissed was probably mainly the result of water uptake rather than dry matter accumulation.

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