Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:1. Effect of plant population density

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Vegetative Characters

SUMMARYThe growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) grown at three population densities of 27 000, 55000 and 83000 plants/ha were evaluated in two field trials during the growing season of 1980.The results obtained showed that there was a progressive reduction in the developmentv per plant of vegetative characters, dry-matter accumulation and yield characters as population density increased. The calculated growth rates (net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio) were more or less the same at all population densities. The yields of seeds were 0·39 and 0·51 t/ha for the lowest population density, 0·43 and 0·65 t/ha for the medium population density and 0·58 and 0·75 t/ha for the highest population density for the two trials respectively.It would seem, therefore, that under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions, a population density of at least 80000 plants/ha would be needed to ensure maximum productivity in the sole cropping of pigeon pea.

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics: 5. Effect of planting configuration

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Vegetative Characters

SUMMARYIn two field trials in 1982, the seeds of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) were planted at three configurationsof0·6 x 0·2m;0·4 x 0·3 m and 0·35 x 0·35m(on 14 April and 24 June)giving the same projected population density of 83 000 plants/ha for each configuration, in order to evaluate the best planting configuration for maximum productivity of the crop.In the first trial, the 0·35 x 0·35 m configuration developed the highest magnitude of vegetative characters whilst the 0·4 x 0·3 m configuration had the highest number of seed-bearing pods, although seed yield was similar in all the treatments. In the second trial, the 0·4 x 0·3 m configuration developed the highest magnitude of growth and yield characters and thereby out-yielded the other two configurations.The results show that in the early planting of pigeon pea, population density per se is most important in determining seed yield whereas planting configuration also becomes important in late planting where plant size is reduced as a consequence of the prevailing local conditions.

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:3. Effect of early loss of apical dominance

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Early Loss ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Growth Development

SUMMARYIn a pot experiment and two field trials, the apical portionof the main stem of a dwarf variety of pigeon pea (ev. Cita-1) was removed at 3 or 7 weeks after sowing in order to evaluate the effect of apical bud removal, during the vegetative stage of growth, on the subsequent growth, development and yield of the crop.The early loss of apical dominance led, in all cases, to increased vegetative development, reduced plant height (except in one of the field trials), higher dry-matter accumulation and more pods per plant, with the treatment effect on number of pods being related to the number of branches developed. The yield of seeds was significantly increased by the early loss of apical dominance in the pot experiment and second field trial.The results therefore show that an early loss of apical dominance, as could happen with insect and pest attack, may not be damaging to the vegetative growth and seed yield of pigeon pea under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions.

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics: 4. Effect of sowing depth

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe seeds of a dwarf variety of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) were sown at 2, 4, 6 or 8 cm depths in three field trials in 1981 and 1982, in order to evaluate the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence and the subsequent growth, development and yield of the crop.In all trials, sowing pigeon-pea seeds deeper than 4 cm led to 1–2 days delay in seedling emergence, resulted in only 40–68% seedling emergence, reduced the development of the various growth and yield characters of the plant and significantly reduced seed yield. In two trials, plants from 4 cm sowing performed better than those from 2cm sowing in terms of development of growth and yield characters indicating that shallow sowing of pigeon pea prevents rapid and proper plant establishment.The results therefore indicate that the optimum sowing depth for pigeon pea is 4 cm under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions.

Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:2. Effect of reduced assimilatory capacity

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYIn two field trials in 1980, 33, 67 or 100% of the leaves on pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) plants were removed either at the vegetative stage, the onset of flowering, or at the rapid pod-filling stage, in order to evaluate the effect of reduced assimilatory capacity on the growth and yield characteristics of the crop.Reduction in the assimilatory capacity of the plant led to significant reduction in the vegetative growth, dry-matter accumulation and seed yield of the defoliated plants compared with the undefoliated control such that 33, 67 or 100% defoliation led to 15–55, 40–60 and 75–80% reduction in seed yield respectively, at both trials. Also, defoliation was more damaging to crop performance if carried out from the onset of flowering than at the vegetative stage. Thus, the seed yields of plants defoliated at the onset of flowering and the rapid pod-filling stage were 30–80 and 40–45 % lower than the yield from plants defoliated at the vegetative stage in both trials.

Impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall-harvesting planting on soil water and spring corn growth development in semihumid regions of China

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Average Plant

Rain-harvesting planting can improve crop biomass and enhance precipitation use efficiency in rainfed semiarid areas. In this study, field trials were conducted during summer 2007–2010 to determine the impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall harvesting planting on spring corn growth and development in a typical semihumid dryland farming area of the Loess Plateau in China, which is characterised by spring droughts. Rain-harvesting ridges and planting furrows were mulched with 8% biodegradable film (RCSB), liquid film (RCSL), or not mulched (RCSN), and bare land drilling without mulching served as the control (CF). We found that the rain-harvesting effects of ridges and the evaporation-inhibiting and moisture-conserving effects of mulching materials during the spring corn growing season significantly increased water storage in the 0–100cm soil layer (P<0.05) compared with CF, where mulching was more beneficial than the non-mulching treatments. In the 100–200cm soil layers, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of the treatments on water storage. During 2007–2010, the average plant height increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under RCSB, RCSL, and RCSN relative to CF respectively, whereas the per plant biomass increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under these treatments, and the grain yield increased by 32.3%, 17.5%, and 15.0%. Therefore, in the semihumid dryland farming areas of the Loess Plateau, rain-harvesting planting greatly increased the growth, development, and dry matter accumulation by spring corn, thereby enhancing its biomass yield, whereas the plastic-covered ridges and furrows mulched with biodegradable films substantially increased the yield-enhancing effects.

Competition, Growth Rate, and CO2Fixation in Triazine-Susceptible and -Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Ahrens ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Triazine-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) biotypes of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL.) were grown in the field under competitive conditions at varying initial proportions of S and R plants. R plants were less competitive than S plants as measured by accumulation of total above-ground dry weight and seed dry weight. S and R plants were also grown in the field under non-competitive conditions at 100, 40, and 10% light. Growth rate at 10% light did not differ between S and R plants. At the two higher light intensities, dry-matter accumulation 11 weeks after seeding was about 40% less in the R plants. At 100% light, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were lower in the R plants by about 3.5 and 19%, respectively. The light- and CO2-saturated rates of CO2fixation in intact leaves of glasshouse-grown R plants were 20% less than those in S plants. An apparent 10 and 20% greater number of chlorophyll molecules per photosystem II reaction center in R plants (as compared with S plants) grown in the field at 40 and 100% light, respectively, did not explain differences between the S and R biotypes in photo synthetic capacity. The S and R plants did not differ in specific leaf weight or chlorophyll content on a leaf-area basis. Lower growth rate of R plants may be responsible for inferior competitive ability of R biotypes and could be the result of an impaired photosynthetic capacity.

Effect of wheat seeding rate on wild oat competition

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Radford ◽  
BJ Wilson ◽  
O Cartledge ◽  
FB Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
A Site

A series of field trials was sown on black earth soils on the Darling Downs, Queensland, with five wheat seeding rates x five levels of wild oat infestation. The lowest seeding rate required to produce optimum grain yield at a site was higher in wild oat infested plots than in weed-free plots. Increase in seeding rate reduced the dry weight of wild oats at maturity and increased the dry weight of wheat at maturity until wheat population density exceeded 150 plants m-2. Increase in seeding rate also reduced wild oat seed production, especially at low wild oat population densities.

The field pea crop in S.W. Australia. I. Patterns of growth, biomass production and photosynthetic performance in genotypes of contrasting morphology

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
EL Armstrong ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Co2 Exchange Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation

Biological yield and photosynthetic performance of six field pea genotypes of contrasting foliar morphology and growth habit were studied in a water-limited field environment at Wongan Hills, Western Australia. Dundale and Wirrega were tall, indeterminate, scrambling and conventionally leaved; Dinkum, L82 and L80 (semi-leafless) and Progreta (tare-leaved) were semi-dwarf and more erect. Green area index (green leaf area per unit of ground area), green area duration (time integral of green area), crop growth rate (rate of dry matter accumulation per unit ground area) during early spring, net photosynthetic rate (CO2 exchange rate per unit green area or unit green weight) and net assimilation rate (rate of dry matter accumulation per unit green area) all influenced crop productivity. Shoot and root biomass was highest in Wirrega, due mainly to superior green area index, extended green area duration and maintenance of high growth rate during pod fill. Inverse relationships amongst genotypes were evident between green area index and net assimilation rate, and between green area index and CO2 exchange rate of green area. Total net photosynthesis of the tendrils of semi-leafless types was similar to that of leaflets of conventional types, due mainly to larger biomass of tendrils compensating for poor photosynthetic rates. The poor growth of semi-leafless and tare-leaved types was attributed to lower vigour, green area, ground cover and photosynthate production. Future selection of such types for water-limited environments should concentrate on increasing shoot height, node number per plant, stipule and tendril size and photosynthetic efficiency of green area.

Compensatory growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) following pod removal at different stages of reproductive growth

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Subsequent Flowering

SUMMARYAll the pods on pigeon-pea plants were removed after 1, 2 or 3 weeks of flowering in a pot experiment and in one field trial, in order to evaluate the compensatory ability of the crop under humid tropical conditions.Pod removal after 1 or 2 weeks of flowering led to an immediate significantly higher vegetative development and dry-matter accumulation compared with the control. Subsequent flowering led to greater pod production and pod yield than the control with seed yield increased by 21 and 50%, respectively, in the pot experiment while pod removal after 1 week of flowering increased seed yield by 15% in the field. The removal of pods after 3 weeks of flowering was detrimental to subsequent pod development and seed yield which was decreased by 56 and 34% in the pot and field experiments, respectively.It would seem that the loss of pods produced soon after flowering starts, before active pod filling begins, can be tolerated by pigeon peas, whereas the loss of fully elongated and actively filling pods would significantly reduce seed yield in the crop.

Growth, development and yield as affected by planting pattern and weed management in field pea and baby corn intercropping system

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moirangthem Thoithoi Devi ◽  
V. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Growth Development

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of rabi 2011-13 at Dr. Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to find out the effect of planting pattern and weed management practices on growth, development and yield of field pea and baby corn in field pea (Pant P-13) + baby corn (Surya) intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design keeping four planting patterns as main plot and four weed management practices as sub plot with three replications. Most of the growth parameters viz. number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation (g/plant), crop growth rate and relative growth rate of field pea were comparatively higher under sole planting of field pea as compared to intercropping systems. Sole planting of field pea recorded significantly higher grain (2264 and 1434 kg ha-1) and straw yields (3263 and 2540 kg ha-1) during 2011-12 and 2012-2013 than yield obtained as a component crop in paired planting of maize (30/60 cm) + field pea (2:2) and planting of maize + field pea (1:1). Baby corn yield was similar in sole, paired (2:2) and 1:1 planting but significantly higher stover yield of baby corn (3576 kg ha-1 and 3533 kg ha-1, during 2011-12 and 2012-2013 respectively) was obtained from sole crop than other planting methods during both the years. Hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, pre emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg ha-1 and post emergence application of imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 30 days after sowing improved all the growth and yield parameters of field pea and baby corn than weedy check.

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