Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:3. Effect of early loss of apical dominance

SUMMARYIn a pot experiment and two field trials, the apical portionof the main stem of a dwarf variety of pigeon pea (ev. Cita-1) was removed at 3 or 7 weeks after sowing in order to evaluate the effect of apical bud removal, during the vegetative stage of growth, on the subsequent growth, development and yield of the crop.The early loss of apical dominance led, in all cases, to increased vegetative development, reduced plant height (except in one of the field trials), higher dry-matter accumulation and more pods per plant, with the treatment effect on number of pods being related to the number of branches developed. The yield of seeds was significantly increased by the early loss of apical dominance in the pot experiment and second field trial.The results therefore show that an early loss of apical dominance, as could happen with insect and pest attack, may not be damaging to the vegetative growth and seed yield of pigeon pea under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions.

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Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:1. Effect of plant population density

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600041101 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Population Density ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Population Densities ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Growth Development ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Vegetative Characters

SUMMARYThe growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) grown at three population densities of 27 000, 55000 and 83000 plants/ha were evaluated in two field trials during the growing season of 1980.The results obtained showed that there was a progressive reduction in the developmentv per plant of vegetative characters, dry-matter accumulation and yield characters as population density increased. The calculated growth rates (net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio) were more or less the same at all population densities. The yields of seeds were 0·39 and 0·51 t/ha for the lowest population density, 0·43 and 0·65 t/ha for the medium population density and 0·58 and 0·75 t/ha for the highest population density for the two trials respectively.It would seem, therefore, that under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions, a population density of at least 80000 plants/ha would be needed to ensure maximum productivity in the sole cropping of pigeon pea.

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Compensatory growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) following pod removal at different stages of reproductive growth

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600039526 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 487-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Pod Development ◽

Subsequent Flowering

SUMMARYAll the pods on pigeon-pea plants were removed after 1, 2 or 3 weeks of flowering in a pot experiment and in one field trial, in order to evaluate the compensatory ability of the crop under humid tropical conditions.Pod removal after 1 or 2 weeks of flowering led to an immediate significantly higher vegetative development and dry-matter accumulation compared with the control. Subsequent flowering led to greater pod production and pod yield than the control with seed yield increased by 21 and 50%, respectively, in the pot experiment while pod removal after 1 week of flowering increased seed yield by 15% in the field. The removal of pods after 3 weeks of flowering was detrimental to subsequent pod development and seed yield which was decreased by 56 and 34% in the pot and field experiments, respectively.It would seem that the loss of pods produced soon after flowering starts, before active pod filling begins, can be tolerated by pigeon peas, whereas the loss of fully elongated and actively filling pods would significantly reduce seed yield in the crop.

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Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics: 4. Effect of sowing depth

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600037771 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 435-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Establishment ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Pea Seeds ◽

Growth Development ◽

Better Than

SUMMARYThe seeds of a dwarf variety of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) were sown at 2, 4, 6 or 8 cm depths in three field trials in 1981 and 1982, in order to evaluate the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence and the subsequent growth, development and yield of the crop.In all trials, sowing pigeon-pea seeds deeper than 4 cm led to 1–2 days delay in seedling emergence, resulted in only 40–68% seedling emergence, reduced the development of the various growth and yield characters of the plant and significantly reduced seed yield. In two trials, plants from 4 cm sowing performed better than those from 2cm sowing in terms of development of growth and yield characters indicating that shallow sowing of pigeon pea prevents rapid and proper plant establishment.The results therefore indicate that the optimum sowing depth for pigeon pea is 4 cm under the prevailing lowland humid tropical conditions.

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Effect of Apical Debudding on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700014484 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. O. Olasantan

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Trials ◽

Main Stem ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Apical Bud ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Insect Attack

SUMMARYField trials on okra over three seasons showed that the removal of the apical bud on the main stem at 3 or 4 weeks did not affect marketable fruit yield but that yield was reduced by about 39% when debudding was done at 5, 6 or 7 weeks. Apical debudding led to increased vegetative development, enhanced dry matter accumulation and reduced plant height. Removing the apical bud at weeks 3, 4 or 5 delayed the first harvest by 8, 15 or 18 days, respectively, compared to the undebudded control plants. It appears that okra can tolerate considerable apical damage during the vegetative stage, as can happen with insect attack, without serious loss of yield.

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Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics:2. Effect of reduced assimilatory capacity

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600041113 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Filling Stage ◽

Growth Development ◽

Seed Yields

SUMMARYIn two field trials in 1980, 33, 67 or 100% of the leaves on pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) plants were removed either at the vegetative stage, the onset of flowering, or at the rapid pod-filling stage, in order to evaluate the effect of reduced assimilatory capacity on the growth and yield characteristics of the crop.Reduction in the assimilatory capacity of the plant led to significant reduction in the vegetative growth, dry-matter accumulation and seed yield of the defoliated plants compared with the undefoliated control such that 33, 67 or 100% defoliation led to 15–55, 40–60 and 75–80% reduction in seed yield respectively, at both trials. Also, defoliation was more damaging to crop performance if carried out from the onset of flowering than at the vegetative stage. Thus, the seed yields of plants defoliated at the onset of flowering and the rapid pod-filling stage were 30–80 and 40–45 % lower than the yield from plants defoliated at the vegetative stage in both trials.

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Impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall-harvesting planting on soil water and spring corn growth development in semihumid regions of China

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiaolong Ren ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Xiaoli Liu ◽

Shahzad Ali ◽

Xiaoli Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Loess Plateau ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Storage ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Dryland Farming ◽

Growth Development ◽

Average Plant

Rain-harvesting planting can improve crop biomass and enhance precipitation use efficiency in rainfed semiarid areas. In this study, field trials were conducted during summer 2007–2010 to determine the impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall harvesting planting on spring corn growth and development in a typical semihumid dryland farming area of the Loess Plateau in China, which is characterised by spring droughts. Rain-harvesting ridges and planting furrows were mulched with 8% biodegradable film (RCSB), liquid film (RCSL), or not mulched (RCSN), and bare land drilling without mulching served as the control (CF). We found that the rain-harvesting effects of ridges and the evaporation-inhibiting and moisture-conserving effects of mulching materials during the spring corn growing season significantly increased water storage in the 0–100cm soil layer (P<0.05) compared with CF, where mulching was more beneficial than the non-mulching treatments. In the 100–200cm soil layers, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of the treatments on water storage. During 2007–2010, the average plant height increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under RCSB, RCSL, and RCSN relative to CF respectively, whereas the per plant biomass increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under these treatments, and the grain yield increased by 32.3%, 17.5%, and 15.0%. Therefore, in the semihumid dryland farming areas of the Loess Plateau, rain-harvesting planting greatly increased the growth, development, and dry matter accumulation by spring corn, thereby enhancing its biomass yield, whereas the plastic-covered ridges and furrows mulched with biodegradable films substantially increased the yield-enhancing effects.

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Growth, development and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in the lowland tropics: 5. Effect of planting configuration

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600037783 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 101 (2) ◽

pp. 441-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Plant Size ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Growth Development ◽

Vegetative Characters

SUMMARYIn two field trials in 1982, the seeds of pigeon pea (cv. Cita-1) were planted at three configurationsof0·6 x 0·2m;0·4 x 0·3 m and 0·35 x 0·35m(on 14 April and 24 June)giving the same projected population density of 83 000 plants/ha for each configuration, in order to evaluate the best planting configuration for maximum productivity of the crop.In the first trial, the 0·35 x 0·35 m configuration developed the highest magnitude of vegetative characters whilst the 0·4 x 0·3 m configuration had the highest number of seed-bearing pods, although seed yield was similar in all the treatments. In the second trial, the 0·4 x 0·3 m configuration developed the highest magnitude of growth and yield characters and thereby out-yielded the other two configurations.The results show that in the early planting of pigeon pea, population density per se is most important in determining seed yield whereas planting configuration also becomes important in late planting where plant size is reduced as a consequence of the prevailing local conditions.

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Studies on the effects of foliar spray of nutrients on the performance of cow peas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600066168 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 375-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Field Trials ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Late Season

SUMMARYIn three field trials, three varieties of cow pea (Prima, Ife Brown and Vita-5) grown as mono-crops or interplanted with maize (in one trial) were sprayed with a combination of PKS or NPKS in solutions containing 100, 100, 100 and 41 mg/1 of N, P, K and S respectively at the onset of flowering or 2 weeks later, in order to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of mineral nutrients on the performance of the crop.Early season sprayings of NPKS and PKS increased vegetative development and dry-matter accumulation in both mono- and mixed-croppings of Prima and Vita-5, but had little effect on Ife Brown. Seed yield was increased by 80–225 kg/ha in Prima and 160–218 kg/ha in Vita-5. In all cases of enhanced growth and yield, spraying at flowering was more beneficial than spraying 2 weeks later whilst NPKS evoked greater responses than PKS.In two late-season trials, all treatment combinations enhanced vegetative development and dry-matter accumulation in Ife Brown and Vita-5. Seed yield of Ife Brown was increased by 206 kg/ha in the first late season and by 550 kg/ha in the second late season whilst that of Vita-5 was increased by 226 kg/ha in the first late season, during which it was planted. In the first late season of Ife Brown, late spraying was more beneficial than early spraying, whilst plants sprayed with PKS out-yielded those sprayed with NPKS. On the other hand, in the second late season, Ife Brown responded more to early spraying than late spraying and NPKS was more beneficial than PKS: Vita-5 grown in the first late season responded similarly.In all cases of enhanced seed yield during the seasons, the pathway of response was through increased pod production and/or retention on the plants. The results therefore suggest that foliar spray of nutrients during the post-flowering period enhance seed yield in cow pea by ensuring prompt delivery of mineral nutrients to the site of photosynthesis at a time when nutrient depletion in the leaves and reduced efficiency of mineral nutrient uptake by the roots limit the supply of photosynthates to developing reproductive organs.

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The response of two soya-bean varieties to the loss of apical dominance at the vegetative stage of growth

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600039459 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 409-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. O. Tayo

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Apical Dominance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Apical Portion ◽

Beneficial Response

SUMMARYIn three pot experiments and one field trial, the apical portion of the main stem of two soya-bean varieties (cv. Hampton and cv. Bossier) were removed at 3 weeks or 5 weeks after sowing in order to evaluate the response of the plants to the loss of apical dominance.The results showed that early loss of apical dominance in Hampton (an indeterminate variety) led to increased vegetative development but shorter plants, higher dry-matter accumulation and increased seed yield through the production of more and/or heavier pods. On the other hand, apical debudding of Bossier (a determinate variety) during the vegetative stage evoked no significant beneficial response and in the case of field debudding at 3 weeks after sowing, plant height was decreased and seed yield was significantly reduced.The response of soya bean to the loss of apical dominance therefore seems to be a function of the stage of vegetative development when the loss occurs as well as the growth habit of the variety.

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