The estimation of energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in working oxen and buffalo

SummaryThe heart rates and corresponding energy expenditure of adult Brahman cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were measured whilst they were standing, walking at speeds of up to 1 m/sec and pulling loads of up to 50 kg for periods of 1–2 h/day. Correlations of heart rate with energy expenditure showed a positive linear relationship within species although a distinct difference was exhibited between species. However, when heart rate and energy expenditure were expressed relative to their respective resting values (RHR and REE respectively), the results for all animals fitted the same line:REE = 2·251 RHR – 0·954 (r = 0·93; n = 49).More importantly, the relative heart rate and actual energy expenditure per unit metabolic body weight (EEW) for all animals fitted a common line:EEW = 24·94 RHR – 16·25 (r = 0·91; n = 49),where EEW is in watts/kg0·75 and RHR = heart rate of the working animal/heart rate at rest. This assessment of the energy expenditure from measurement of heart rate and live weight thus allows a prediction to be made of the energy requirements of working draught cattle under field conditions.

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The effect of treadmill slope on the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in cattle walking on treadmills

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600063292 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 433-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer C. Sneddon

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Regression Line ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Live Weight ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

The Relationship ◽

Working Heart

SummaryTwo steers (Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus) were acclimatized to an ambient temperature of 30 °C before working at this temperature on two treadmills (gradients 0 and 6°) for 2 h (one on each treadmill) whilst carrying a load equivalent to 10% of body weight. The study was then repeated at an ambient temperature of 15 °C. The effect of variation between animals, ambient temperature and rate of energy expenditure were tested on the linear regression model EEw = A PHR + B (where EEw is the energy expenditure (w/kg0·75) and PHR is the percentage increase of working heart rate over resting heart rate).Animal and ambient temperature had no significant effect on the model. The gradient of the regression line was significantly greater (P < 0·01) when the animals were expending energy at the higher rate (about 30 W/kg live weight0·75) than when they were expending energy at the lower rate (about 14 W/kg live weight0·75).

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Comparison of feed intake, digestibility and fattening performance of Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1740-0929.2004.00226.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 549-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rosalina M. LAPITAN ◽

Arnel N. DEL BARRIO ◽

Osamu KATSUBE ◽

Tomomi TOKUDA ◽

Edgar A. ORDEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Fattening Performance

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Differences in plasma Anti Müllerian hormone levels and reproductive parameters between two bovine species: Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.51.5.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 497-506

Author(s):

Jesús A. Berdugo ◽

Ariel M. Tarazona ◽

José de Julián Echeverri ◽

Walter D. Cardona-Maya ◽

Albeiro Lopez-Herrera

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Zebu Cattle ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

Days Open ◽

Bovine Species

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships between reproductive parameters and Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels in two closely related bovine species. AMH levels and the reproductive parameters of 50 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and 50 Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) of the same age and raised in similar conditions were evaluated. Clinical data were obtained from the farm in specialized designed format, and AMH was measured by ELISA. The results show that Zebu cattle had higher AMH levels than water buffaloes (P<0.0001), while water buffaloes exhibited better reproductive parameters: days open to pregnancy (P<0.0001), parity (P<0.0005), age at first calving (P<0.0001), and intercalving period (P<0.0001). Although both species have different reproductive parameters, no correlations were found between AMH and the reproductive parameters evaluated in either species. Finally, pregnant Zebu cattle and water buffalo showed a tendency to have lower AMH levels than non-pregnant counterparts. The results are paradoxical as the species with lower AMH levels exhibited better reproductive parameters, suggesting that the reproductive parameters within the herd do not depend solely on the ovarian reserve of females.

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The energy costs of walking, carrying and pulling loads on flat surfaces by Brahman cattle and swamp buffalo

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610000444x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 29-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

P. R. Lawrence ◽

R. J. Stibbards

Keyword(s):

Energy Cost ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Live Weight ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Flat Surfaces ◽

Extra Energy ◽

Brahman Cattle ◽

Swamp Buffalo ◽

Work Done

ABSTRACTThe extra energy for walking compared with standing still (EW) (J/m per kg live weight) was measured in three Brahman cattle and two water buffalo. Ew was not affected by species or speed within the most comfortable range of speeds (V = 0·6 to 1·0 m/s) but over the whole range tested, Ew = 0·947F + 1·99 (r = 0·66, no. = 61) with average Ew = 2·1 (s.e. 0·06).The extra energy cost of carrying loads while walking (Ec) (J/m per kg carried) was measured using two Brahman cattle, two water buffalo and a pony. Ec was independent of load (up to 70 kg) and speed but was generally lower when loads were placed over the animals' shoulders instead of on their backs. Average values for the cattle, buffaloes and the pony were 2·6, 4·2 and 3·3, respectively.The efficiency of doing work defined as: work done/energy expended was measured in two Brahman cattle and two water buffalo and gave average values of 0·30 and 0·37 respectively for the two species. Efficiency was proportionately about 0·03 higher for animals wearing a collar than when wearing a single yoke but was unaffected by whether the animals wore single or double yokes, by the speed of travel, the size of the load or whether the load was steady or variable.Along with appropriate values for the energetic efficiency of raising body weight when walking uphill, these data are used to derive a factorial equation for estimating the energy expenditure of animals working in the field.

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CompoCow: a predictive model to estimate variations in body composition and the energy requirements of cull cows during finishing

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960800779x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 251-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. GARCIA ◽

J. AGABRIEL

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Body Condition ◽

Live Weight ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Frame Size ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Cull Cows ◽

Condition Score

SUMMARYCull cows account for a large part of beef consumption in France and are a significant proportion of farm income for dairy (0·10) and beef systems (up to 0·30). On-farm observations highlight considerable variations in cull cow phenotypes in terms of age, frame size, health, physiological status and body condition. Consequently, an important issue for producers of cull cows is the management of feed supply during the finishing period to obtain a satisfactory condition score and conformation prior to slaughter.New feeding recommendations for cull cows should consider live weight and live weight gain, age, frame size and body condition score (BCS) to estimate the energy requirements. A predictive model, called CompoCow, was developed for this purpose. The present paper describes the CompoCow model by summarizing developments from previous modelling approaches and outlining the assumptions and equations used in the model. CompoCow combines a growth model for the cow during its productive period (3–8 years old) and a model for the finishing period (in days) and was parameterized for Charolais, Limousine and Holstein breeds. Sensitivity analysis highlighted that the outputs of the model were mainly sensitive to initial body weight and expected body weight gain of the animal. The proportion of lipid in live weight gain was related to body weight, BCS and frame size of the animal. The model also accounts for the higher proportion of lipid in live weight gain in Holstein than in Charolais cows. The model was applied to data from Charolais cows. It showed that the proportion of variability explained by CompoCow for energy requirements was higher than the proportion obtained with previous INRA recommendations, 0·78 and 0·67, respectively. CompoCow does not rely on mechanistic relationships, but it appears robust as it accounts correctly for the effects of age and BCS on the requirements.

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Total energy expenditure in 4- to 6-yr-old children

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.5.e706 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (5) ◽

pp. E706-E711 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. I. Goran ◽

W. H. Carpenter ◽

E. T. Poehlman

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Young Children ◽

Total Energy ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Interindividual Variation

There is a sparsity of data on energy expenditure in young children. We therefore examined the components of daily energy expenditure in a group of 30 children (16 boys, 14 girls; age 4–6 yr) characterized for body weight, height, heart rate, and body composition from bioelectrical resistance. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 14 days under free living conditions by doubly labeled water, resting energy expenditure (REE) from indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was estimated from the difference between TEE and REE. Mean TEE was 1,379 +/- 290 kcal/day, which was 475 +/- 202 kcal/day lower than energy intake recommendations for this age group. Activity-related energy expenditure was estimated to be 267 +/- 203 kcal/day. TEE was most significantly related to fat-free mass (FFM; r = 0.86; P < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.83; P < 0.001), and REE (r = 0.80; P < 0.001). When TEE was adjusted for FFM, a significant correlation with heart rate was observed (partial r = 0.54; P = 0.002). Collectively, 86% of interindividual variation in TEE was accounted for by FFM, heart rate, and REE. We conclude that, in young 4- to 6-yr-old children, 1) TEE is approximately 25% lower than current recommendations for energy intake and 2) combined measurement of FFM, heart rate, and REE explain 86% of interindividual variation in TEE, thus providing a possible alternative method to estimate TEE in young children.

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Comparison of fattening performance in Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) fed on high roughage diet

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1740-0929.2007.00500.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 76-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rosalina M. LAPITAN ◽

Arnel N. DEL BARRIO ◽

Osamu KATSUBE ◽

Tomomi BAN-TOKUDA ◽

Edgar A. ORDEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Buffalo ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Fattening Performance

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Energy expenditure in early infancy

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19890062 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 621-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Peter. S. W. Davies ◽

G. Ewing ◽

A. Lucas

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Total Energy ◽

Total Energy Expenditure ◽

Early Infancy ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Term Infants ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Disease States

The measurement of energy expenditure has wide applications in clinical and scientific studies. Ethical and practical problems, however, have limited the acquisition of information on total energy expenditure in infancy. The doubly-labelled-water technique, recently validated for use in infants, has now been used to measure, non-invasively, total energy expenditure in a cohort of forty-one normal, full-term infants at or close to 1·5, 3 and 6 months of age. Mean total energy expenditure was 270, 280 and 330 kJ/kg per d at these ages. Centiles for total energy expenditure in early infancy are presented; it is suggested such data are most appropriately expressed as kJ/√ (kg body-weight per d). These findings will be of importance in the re-evaluation of energy requirements in infancy and in the study of lesions in energy metabolism in disease states at this age.

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Effect of ambient temperature and urea supplementation on the intake and digestion of alkali-treated straw by Brahman cattle and swamp buffaloes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600072178 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. A. Pearson ◽

R. F. Archibald

Keyword(s):

Respiration Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Swamp Buffaloes ◽

Brahman Cattle ◽

Two Temperatures ◽

Effects Of Temperature

SUMMARYFour adult swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and four adult Brahman cattle (Bos indicus), maintained in climate rooms, were provided ad libitum with a pelleted NaOH-treated barley straw ration (10·7 g N/kg dry matter) supplemented with sulphur, minerals and vitamins and 0, 14·5 or 22 g urea/kg. The animals were given each diet when housed at 32 °C and, in addition, were given the urea unsupplemented diet at 22 °C. All animals received all treatments for periods of 21 days, measurements being made during the last 8 days, after the animals had been given single doses of two nonabsorbable markers (Cr-fibre and Co-EDTA). Intake, digestibility and gastro-intestinal passage rate were low on the unsupplemented N-deficient (10·7 g N/kg dry matter) diet at both temperatures. Urea supplementation to provide diets of 17·3 and 20·7 g N/kg dry matter was associated with increased intake and digestibility of the feed and increased rate of passage of digesta through the gut.Despite differences in respiration rate and plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations at the two temperatures, no effects of temperature on intakes and digestion of the unsupplemented diet were seen. Differences between species were seen in respiration rate at 32 °C and plasma T4, which were higher, and mean retention time of Cr in the gut at 22 °C and water intakes, which were lower, in Brahman cattle than in buffaloes. There were no significant species differences in response to dietary urea supplementation.

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