Nitrogen requirements of sugar beet in relation to harvesting date

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. J. Holmes ◽  
J. R. Devine ◽  
F. W. Dunnett
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Oolitic Limestone ◽  
Early Harvest

SummarySeven field experiments were made on the effect of two harvesting dates on the nitrogen requirements of sugar beet. All were on Rauceby series soils overlying oolitic limestone in Lincolnshire.Nitrogen fertilizer increased sugar yield in all experiments, and yield was considerably higher at the mid-December harvest than in early October. On average, the sugar-yield response to nitrogen was greater at the late harvest, and the requirement for nitrogen was about 45 kg/ha higher then than at the early harvest. Sugar content was depressed less at the late harvest than at the early by increasing nitrogen rate.These results suggest that farmers should apply more nitrogen to fields that they plan to harvest late than to early-harvested fields; they also have implications for the conduct and interpretation of nitrogen response experiments on sugar beet.

Nitrogen requirement of sugar beet

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. J. Holmes ◽  
J. R. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Very High ◽  
Made In

SummarySeventy-four field experiments on the nitrogen requirement of sugar beet were made in eastern England in. 1966 to 1974. Considerable differences in sugar yield response to nitrogen were found between the six soil types used, and these differences were found (on five of the six soils) to be related to sugar yield. Nitrogen response was large on chalk and limestone soils in Lincolnshire, intermediate on East Anglian boulder clays and least on East Anglian chalk and light drift soils. On the lighter soils (limestones, East Anglian chalks and light drifts) nitrogen response was greater with high summer rainfall than with low. Fenland silt soils were very high yielding, but nitrogen response was moderate.Optimum nitrogen rates differed between soils, in the range 100 kg/ha on East Anglian chalks and light drifts to 180–200 kg/ha on Lincolnshire chalks and limestones.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: II. Nutrient concentration and uptake

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYThe concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium was measured in the dry matter of sugar beet from four field experiments (1966–9). All combinations of four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–1·8 cwt/acre), four plant populations (8800–54000 plants/acre) and irrigation were tested, which gave a wide range of plant size and yield. Nutrient concentration and uptake by the crop were also greatly affected by the treatments.Nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation increased uptake of nitrogen by the crop but increasing the plant population had little effect on uptake and decreased the concentration of nitrogen. Sugar yield was related to the total nitrogen concentration in tops and roots and to uptake. There were optimal values of nitrogen concentration for maximal sugar yield, but the optima were greatly affected by plant population. Leaf colour was a good guide to nitrogen concentration.Phosphorus concentration was affected little by the treatments but cation concentrations were greatly affected. In general, uptake of all the elements was increased by all treatments – the exception was sodium, which decreased as the plant population increased but this was balanced to somo extent by increased potassium uptake.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plough Layer

SUMMARYDuring 1973–8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May–June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment.

The effect of time of sowing and harvesting on growth, yield and nitrogen fertilizer requirement of sugar beet

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
D. J. Webb ◽  
E. M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement

SummaryFour field experiments (1968–71) investigated the effect of changing the length of the growing period on the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of sugar beet. The crop was sown on three occasions (March–May), harvested on three occasions (September–December) and given four amounts of fertilizer (0–225 kg N/ha). Plant samples were analysed at several stages of growth (1969–71) in an attempt to predict the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed for maximum sugar yield and also at the end of the season to determine the nitrogen uptake. Increasing the length of the growing period increased sugar yield greatly but the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed for maximum sugar yield was unchanged. The crop given the largest dressing of nitrogen and with the longest growing period contained most total nitrogen, but in every experiment, giving more than 75 kg N/ha neither increased nor decreased the sugar yield significantly. As a result of the small variations in nitrogen requirement, the plant analyses during the growing season were of little value in predicting the needs of the crop.

Nitrogen requirement of sugar beet in relation to irrigation

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. J. Holmes ◽  
J. D. Whitear
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SummaryThree field experiments were carried out on sandy loam soil at Levington, Suffolk, on the effect of irrigation on nitrogen requirements of sugar beet. Four nitrogen rates (0, 67, 134, 201 kg/ha) were examined with and without irrigation. Nitrogen increased sugar yield each year, as did irrigation in 1969 and 1970, but not in 1968 when the soil moisture deficit was small. There was a significant nitrogen x irrigation interaction in 1970 only, but on average there was a greater response to nitrogen with irrigation than without it.These results and other published data suggest that on sandy soils in eastern England moisture deficit can restrict nitrogen response, and that the economic optimum nitrogen rate is appreciably higher with irrigation than without it.

Effect of previous cropping and manuring on the nitrogen fertilizer needed by sugar beet

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
P. J. Last
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement

SUMMARYSix field experiments made between 1960 and 1968 determined the effect of previo cropping and manuring on the nitrogen requirement of sugar beet. Three were at Silsoe in Bedfordshire on soils developed over Lower Greensand and Gault Clay and three were at Broom's Barn (Suffolk) on Calcareous Drift soils over chalk. Each experiment lasted 2 years, a preparatory crop followed by sugar beet.Spring barley and potatoes were treatment crops in all the experiments and winter wheat, a ryegrass ley and barley undersown with trefoil were included in the Suffolk experiments. Nil, 0·6 or 1·2 cwt N/acre was tested on the sugar beet in the first three experiments and 0, 0·5, 1·0 or 1·5 cwt N/acre in later ones.All the experiments showed that previous cropping influenced the nitrogen requirement of the sugar beet. There was a linear relationship (r = – 0·86) between the amount of fertilizer nitrogen given minus that removed by the preparatory crop, and the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer needed by the sugar beet for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet grown after barley or potatoes (each given 0·5 cwt N/acre) needed on average 1·0 cwt N/acre at both Broom's Barn and Silsoe for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet after winter wheat or a ryegrass ley also needed 1·0 cwt N/acre at Broom's Barn. When the previous potato crop was given 1·5 cwt N/acre, 0·5 cwt/acre sufficed for maximum yield of sugar at both centres; also after ploughed-in trefoil, sugar beet needed only 0·5 cwt N/acre.

Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Suzana Kristek ◽  
Andrija Kristek ◽  
Dragana Kocevski ◽  
Antonija K. Jankovi ◽  
Dražen Juriši
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

scholarly journals Effect of residual nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen on sugar beet production in Finland

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Veikko Brummer ◽  
Erkki Aura
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Preliminary determinations for NO3- and NH4-N in topsoil from nitrogen field experiments are discussed. The amounts of residual nitrogen as well as the dates and depth for sampling are considerd in order to investigate the need of fertilizer-N for continuous sugar beet. Tops ploughed down as manure increased the available soil nitrogen by about 50 kg/ha. In practice nitrogen from fertilizer and farmyard manure given to previous beet crops seems to accumulate in the beet soils of Finland. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in topsoil were low in the spring of 1972 and 1973. NO3-N increased in topsoil during the early summer, and the highest concentrations were found at the beginning of July. Starting from the middle of July the amount of NH4-N began to increase both in topsoil and in subsoil. With increasing amounts of nitrogen in the topsoil the sugar content decreases continuously. Also the α-amio N content of beets correlates with the soil nitrogen. There is experimental evidence that 150 180 kg/ha nitrate nitrogen in topsoil (residual + fertilizer N) in early July gives the best economic result. The effects of fertilizer and accumulated soil nitrogen on the sugar beet quality together with som other experimental data have been statistically analysed. Regression coefficients indicated that both forms of nitrogen affected the suger content, the α-amino N concentration and clear juice purity, in a similar way.

Effects of shading and of seasonal differences in weather on the growth, sugar content and sugar yield of sugar-beet crops

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. WATSON ◽  
TERUHISA MOTOMATSU ◽  
K. LOACH ◽  
G. F. J. MILFORD
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Seasonal Differences

Effect of tillage on nitrogen response in corn (Zea mays L.) after established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. S. Aflakpui ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
M. R. Hall ◽  
G. W. Anderson ◽  
C. J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
No Till ◽  
Second Year

The effect of tillage and added nitrogen fertilizer on first- and second-year corn after an established alfalfa stand was investigated in field studies near Woodstock, Ontario, Five rates of nitrogen fertilizer, ranging from 0 to 160 kg ha−1, were evaluated to determine their influence on corn growth and yield in both no-till and conventional tillage systems in the first and second years of corn following alfalfa. In the first year of corn after alfalfa, grain yield and harvest index were significantly lower with no-till than with conventional tillage only in 1988. First-year grain yields were independent of nitrogen fertilizer rates in both 1988 and 1989. There was no tillage by nitrogen rate interaction in either year indicating that additional nitrogen fertilizer was not required to achieve optimum corn yields with no-till relative to conventional tillage. Yields of second-year corn increased with nitrogen rate in both 1989 and 1990. Tillage systems had no apparent influence on nitrogen availability to corn grown after an established alfalfa stand. Key words: Tillage, alfalfa, nitrogen

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