scholarly journals Effect of residual nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen on sugar beet production in Finland

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Veikko Brummer ◽  
Erkki Aura
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Preliminary determinations for NO3- and NH4-N in topsoil from nitrogen field experiments are discussed. The amounts of residual nitrogen as well as the dates and depth for sampling are considerd in order to investigate the need of fertilizer-N for continuous sugar beet. Tops ploughed down as manure increased the available soil nitrogen by about 50 kg/ha. In practice nitrogen from fertilizer and farmyard manure given to previous beet crops seems to accumulate in the beet soils of Finland. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in topsoil were low in the spring of 1972 and 1973. NO3-N increased in topsoil during the early summer, and the highest concentrations were found at the beginning of July. Starting from the middle of July the amount of NH4-N began to increase both in topsoil and in subsoil. With increasing amounts of nitrogen in the topsoil the sugar content decreases continuously. Also the α-amio N content of beets correlates with the soil nitrogen. There is experimental evidence that 150 180 kg/ha nitrate nitrogen in topsoil (residual + fertilizer N) in early July gives the best economic result. The effects of fertilizer and accumulated soil nitrogen on the sugar beet quality together with som other experimental data have been statistically analysed. Regression coefficients indicated that both forms of nitrogen affected the suger content, the α-amino N concentration and clear juice purity, in a similar way.

Nitrogen requirements of sugar beet in relation to harvesting date

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. J. Holmes ◽  
J. R. Devine ◽  
F. W. Dunnett
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Oolitic Limestone ◽  
Early Harvest

SummarySeven field experiments were made on the effect of two harvesting dates on the nitrogen requirements of sugar beet. All were on Rauceby series soils overlying oolitic limestone in Lincolnshire.Nitrogen fertilizer increased sugar yield in all experiments, and yield was considerably higher at the mid-December harvest than in early October. On average, the sugar-yield response to nitrogen was greater at the late harvest, and the requirement for nitrogen was about 45 kg/ha higher then than at the early harvest. Sugar content was depressed less at the late harvest than at the early by increasing nitrogen rate.These results suggest that farmers should apply more nitrogen to fields that they plan to harvest late than to early-harvested fields; they also have implications for the conduct and interpretation of nitrogen response experiments on sugar beet.

CHANGES AND SIGNIFICANCE IN NATURAL 15N ABUNDANCE IN RESIDUAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER STUDIES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. KARAMANOS ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Fertilizer Material ◽  
15N Abundance

The systematic decline in δa15N (per mill 15N excess) of plant material with application of fertilizer under field conditions was verified in a growth chamber experiment with soil columns. The δa15N of NO3−-N in the zones of the high NO3−-N accululation was lower than that of the soil-derived NO3−-N but not necessarily lower than the δa15N of the fertilizer material as was the case in previously reported field experiments. Calculation of the fate of the fertilizer N based on the principle of isotopic dilution provided semi-quantitative estimates of the added N found in the plant, the soil, and the leachate.

scholarly journals Apomictic lines of sugar beet: development and studying

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
D. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Background. While working with such cross-pollinated crops as sugar beet, the greatest problem is the fixation of valuable genotypes. Using apomixis to produce breeding material helps to accelerate the breeding process and save the desired combination of genes.Materials and methods. The research objects were 110 accessions of sugar beet from the VIR collection. Field experiments and assessments of the resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, monogermity, and non-bolting were performed according to VIR’s guidelines in 2016–2018 at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR and Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. The sugar level in roots was measured using an optical refractometer.Results. A comprehensive study of sugar beet accessions resulted in the development of apomictic lines with cytoplasmic male sterility, followed by an evaluation of their economically important characters. An extremely rare occurrence of biotypes with the 0-type sterility (less than 0.5%) was observed in the population. The seeds obtained from apomixis-prone lines demonstrated a significant difference during inbreeding from the seeds of fertile inbred genotypes: no inbreeding depression was observed in apomictic lines. Lines combining sterility and monogermity in their genotype were produced. Testing parent accessions and apomictic forms did not reveal significant differences in the sugar content and root yield, so the resulting forms can be efficiently used in future breeding programs.Conclusion. Using apomixis to develop sugar beet lines helped to fixate the sugar content level, biennial plant development cycle, and Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Thus, apomixis is promising for ensuring maternal inheritance and preserving the desired combination of genes in sugar beet, thereby accelerating the breeding process. 

The immediate and long-term value of some magnesium fertilizers for sugar beet

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
Plough Layer ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop

SUMMARYNine 5-year field experiments between 1964 and 1971 tested the effect of kainit, kieserite, magnesium and calcium limestone, and farmyard manure on yield and magnesium uptake by sugar beet and on exchangeable soil magnesium. The experiments were in the main sugar beet growing areas on soils that contained little (12–24 ppm) exchangeable magnesium. The fertilizers were applied in the year before the first sugar-beet crop and fresh dressings of some were given to other plots each time sugar beet was grown. Kieserite increased sugar yield equally when applied in the sugarbeet seed bed or three years before the sugar beet. Magnesium limestone was effective only when the soil pH was less than 7·0. FYM greatly increased yield but the increase could not be explained entirely by the magnesium it supplied.On average, applying 100 kg/ha magnesium (as kieserite) to the seed bed increased the magnesium concentration in dried tops and roots by about 0·135 and 0·020% respectively and the total uptake by the crop in August by 9·0 kg/ha. The same treatment applied in the sugar-beet seed bed or 3 or 4 years previously increased exchangeable magnesium in the surface 25 cm of soil by 29·0, 7·6 and 1·8 ppm respectively. Thus much of the fertilizer given to the first sugar-beet crop was lost from the plough layer for the second sugar-beet crop but the yields indicated that some of it was available from depth.On alkaline soils, when exchangeable soil magnesium in the plough layer is 0–25, 26–50 or > 51 ppm, an initial application of 100, 50 or 0 kg/ha respectively of water-soluble magnesium is needed, applied either in the previous autumn or to the sugarbeet seed bed. If the exchangeable soil magnesium before the following or subsequent sugar-beet crop is 0–15, 16–25 or > 26 ppm, a further application of 100, 50 or 0 kg/ha respectively of magnesium should be given.

Field experiments on uptake of nitrogen from leaf sprays by sugar beet

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian N. Thorne ◽  
D. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Difference

When the leaves of sugar-beet crops were sprayed on six occasions in late September and early October with 100 gal./acre of a 3% solution of ammonium nitrate or equivalent urea, in two experiments about 70% of the nitrogen was recovered in the plants in mid-October, compared with 40% recovered from applications of the same amounts of fertilizer to the soil at the same times. In a third experiment the recovery from similar sprayings with urea solution was less than 40%, but very little nitrogen was absorbed from soil dressings, so that the difference between the recoveries from spray and soil applications was nearly the same as in the other experiments.Nitrogen per cent of dry matter in all parts of the plant was increased by the sprays. More than half of the nitrogen absorbed from the sprays was in the leaf laminae, and the remainder was equally divided between petioles (including crowns) and roots. Between 20 and 30% of the nitrogen supplied in spray in the first two experiments was converted to protein in the leaf laminae, and half of this was present as soluble protein precipitable by trichloracetic acid, a fraction that is extracted in the largescale preparation of leaf protein.Spraying slightly increased the dry-matter yield of the tops, but not of the roots. It reduced the sugar content of the roots by about 1% of fresh weight. In one experiment it had no effect on sugar yield; in the others it caused losses of 2 and 5 cwt./acre.The recovery of nitrogen in the tops from a single low-volume spraying (12½ or 25 gal./acre) with nearly saturated urea solution was about the same as from repeated high-volume sprays supplying the same total amount of nitrogen, but in the roots it was higher from the single than from the repeated sprays.

scholarly journals The Effect of Farmyard Manure and Mineral Fertilizers on Sugar Beet Beetroot and Top Yield and Soil Chemical Parameters

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Kateřina Křížová ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Soil Chemical Parameters

In order to recommend the dose of fertilization for sugar beet under currently unstable weather conditions, we analysed beetroot and top yields, sugar content (SC), and the effect of fertilization on soil chemistry over a three-year period (2016–2018). All three years were characterized by different weather conditions. The year 2016 was very warm and very dry. The year 2017 was warm with normal precipitation. The year 2018 was extraordinary warm and very dry. We compared the following ten fertilization treatments: unfertilized control, farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fertilizers NPK1–4, and FYM + NPK1–4. The applications of FYM, NPK, and FYM + NPK resulted in significantly higher yields of beetroots and tops as compared with the control, while no significant differences were recorded among FYM, NPK, and FYM + NPK treatments. The SC was not affected by the fertilization. The application of NPK resulted in a lower pH value, while the highest values were recorded for the control and FYM treatments. The application of FYM + NPK increased the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the soil, the total content of nitrogen (Ntot), and P and K concentrations. According to the results of the linear-plateau model, the recommended dose of N is 112 kg ha−1, corresponding to a beetroot yield of 66 t ha−1.

The effect of farmyard manure on the fertilizer requirement of sugar beet

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Commercial Farms

SUMMARYThirty-eight experiments were made on commercial farms to determine the fertilizer requirement of sugar beet grown with farmyard manure (F.Y.M.). They were in two groups; the first (1961–3), with uniformly applied F.Y.M., tested the value of additional fertilizer—nitrogen, phosphate and potash, with and without agricultural salt (crude sodium chloride). The second (1964–7) tested the value of fertilizer N and agricultural salt with and without F.Y.M.The average economic optimum dressings of fertilizers with F.Y.M. were 0·6 cwt/acre N, 0·3 cwt/acre P2O5, 0·5 cwt/acre K2O, with agricultural salt which largely replaced the need for potash. Chemical analyses of samples of F.Y.M. used in the second group of experiments gave no reliable guide to the requirement of additional nitrogen or sodium. With adequate P2O5 and K2O, the F.Y.M. increased sugar yield at all except one site, on average equivalent to the increase from 0·3 cwt/acre N. Agricultural salt increased yield economically at most sites except on the silts round the Humber and the Wash. No clear relationship was found between soil analysis for sodium and sugar yield response to agricultural salt, but where the exchangeable soil sodium was less than 25 ppm Na, a response was likely.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of silicon-containing preparations as fertilizers for sugar beet

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04041
Author(s):  
A Kulikova ◽  
V Isaichev ◽  
E Yashin ◽  
G Saidyasheva
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Amorphous Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The paper presents the results of trials of silicon-containing preparations ADK (amorphous silicon dioxide) and Risilika (pyrolysate of rice husks and straw) as fertilizers for sugar beet in field experiments. The experimental design included seven options: 1. Control; 2nd , 3rd and 4th options with the application of ADK into the soil at doses of 100, 250, 500 kg / ha; 5th ,6th and 7th options - Risilika in appropriate doses. Both preparations had a positive effect on the nutrient regime of the soil (the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon), yield and quality of sugar beet roots. The yield of roots when using ADK as a fertilizer increased by 3.32-6.52 t/ha (14-27%), Risilika - by 1.92-4.75 t/ha (8-19%). The yield increases as a result of raising preparation doses. At the same time, the increase in sugar content provided an additional yield of more than 1 ton of sugar per hectare.

Grain yield and crop N offtake in response to residual fertilizer N in long-term field experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petersen ◽  
I. K. Thomsen ◽  
L. Mattsson ◽  
E. M. Hansen ◽  
B. T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N ◽  
Term Field

Breeding and usage of sugar beet cultivars and hybrids resistant to sugar beet nematode Heterodera schachtii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pylypenko ◽  
K. Kalatur
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice

Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, 1871 is one of the most economically important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide. It is also widespread in most sugar beet growing regions in Ukraine causing serious yield reduction and decreasing sugar content of sugar beet in infested fi elds. An advanced parasitic strategy of H. schachtii is employed to support nematode growth, reproduction and harmfulness. In intensive agriculture systems the nematode control measures heavily rely on nematicides and good agricultural practice (crop rota- tion in the fi rst place). But alternative strategies based on nematode resistant sugar beet cultivars and hybrids are required as none of nematicides approved for the open fi eld application are registered in Ukraine. Here we review the achievements and problems of breeding process for H. schachtii resistance and provide the results of national traditional breeding program. Since the beginning of 1980s fi ve sugar beet cultivars (Verchnyatskyi 103, Yaltuschkivska 30, Bilotcerkivska 45, BTs-40 and Yuvileynyi) and seventeen lines partly resistant or toler- ant to H. schachtii have been obtained throughout targeted crossing and progenies assessment in the infested fi elds. The further directions for better utilization of genetic sources for nematode resistance presented in na- tional gene bank collection are emphasized. There is a need for more accurate identifi cation of resistance genes, broader application of reliable molecular markers (suitable for marker-assisted selection of nematode resistant plants in the breeding process) and methods for genetic transformation of plants. Crop cash value and national production capacity should drive the cooperation in this fi eld. Knowledge as well as germplasm exchange are thereby welcomed that can benefi t breeding progress at national and international level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document