The prediction of the body composition of hill sheep from body weight, red cell volume and tritiated water space

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Water Space

SummaryThe use of body weight, red cell volume and tritiated water space in the prediction of the body water, body-fat and soft tissue protein contents of hill sheep was investigated. Sixteen Blackface sheep, ranging in age from 2½ to 6½ years, were used before mating in November when in peak body condition and 21, of similar age distribution, were used in mid-lactation in June when in very poor body condition. Mean fat concentrations in the empty body were 188 and 28 g/kg in November and June, respectively.Body weight alone accounted for 46 and 14% of the variation in body-fat content in November and June, respectively. The inclusion of red cell volume as a second independent variate did not improve the efficiency of the prediction equations. When tritiated water space and body weight were used 77% of the variation in body-fat content was accounted for in both November and June. Separate equations for the November and June groups gave the most accurate estimate of body-fat content, but it was concluded that for most practical purposes a single relationship would be sufficiently accurate. Soft tissue protein content was best described as a simple function of body weight.The application of prediction equations from the literature to the present populations of sheep led to overestimates of body-fat content by up to 100%. It is suggested that prediction equations need to be specific to the experimental conditions operating or to the particular population under study.

Red cell volume and blood volume in beef cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Springell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cell Volumes

Twenty-four steers, comprising British (Herefords and Hereford x Shorthorn crosses), Zebu (Africander), and Zebu cross (British x Brahman or Africander) breeds, were maintained either on pasture or yarded, and fed on diets of a low and a high nutritional value. Blood volumes were determined on five occasions at intervals of 3 months by the 51Cr labelling technique, plasma and red cell volumes being then derived from the venous haematocrit. The blood plasma, and red cell volumes are all very significantly, correlated with, and represent respectively 4.97, 3.27, and 1.70% of, the fasting body weight. To avoid the confounding effect of body weight, the parameters are expressed as "contents", i.e, in terms of volume per kilogram fasting body weight. In the grazing group breed differences were generally absent. This may in part be due to the fact that the Zebu crossbreds belonged mostly to the F2 and partly to the F3 generation. In the yarded group, where F1 crossbreds were compared with British steers, breed differences were more frequent. British steers tended to have higher plasma contents, but lower red cell contents and haematocrits. Nutrition had no effect on plasma contents, but good nutrition was generally associated with higher haematocrits, as well as with elevated blood and red cell contents. Seasonal differences were in evidence, and all parameters generally reached minimal values in winter or spring. The significance of these findings in relation to adaptation to a tropical environment is discussed. The haematocrit does not necessarily reflect changes in the red cell volume. There is also some indication that the water and plasma contents may be related. The possible usefulness of the red cell volume for predicting the body composition is discussed.

Simultaneous Estimation of Plasma Volume, Red Cell Volume and Thiocyanate Space in Unanesthetized Normal and Splenectomized Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee-Chang Huang ◽  
James H. Bondurant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
The Common

A method for simultaneous estimation of plasma volume, red cell volume and thiocyanate space in unanesthetized rats utilizing a polyethylene catheter in the common carotid artery with T-1824, P32-tagged red cells, and NaSCN was perfected and determinations were performed on 77 male albino rats. Determinations of plasma volume using T-1824 or I131-serum albumin in the same animal gave essentially identical results. Total blood volume was calculated as the sum of P32-red cell volume and T-1824-plasma volume and was found to be 5.75 ml/100 gm body weight in normal rats and 5.61 ml/100 gm in splenectomized rats. There was a wide variation in the Fcell values of normal rats but little in splenectomized rats. This difference was highly significant and was attributed to the presence of the spleen. The average thiocyanate space was found to be 33.0 ml and 35.8 ml/100 gm in normal and splenectomized rats, respectively.

Estimation of body fat content from standard body length and body weight on cultured red sea bream

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H ARUE KORA ◽  
M UTSUYOSI TSUCHIMOTO ◽  
K ATSUYA MIYATA ◽  
S HINKO OSATO ◽  
Q IN WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Red Sea Bream ◽  
Body Fat Content

The effect of route of dosing and method of estimation of tritiated water space on the determination of total body water and the prediction of body fat in sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Smith ◽  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

SUMMARYEight mature female sheep were offered a ration which maintained body weight constant during a 20-week period. During the final 10 weeks a comparison was made in each animal of the pattern of equilibration and urinary losses of tritiated water during 8 h after dosing by four different routes. These were intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraruminal and a combination of the intraperitoneal and intraruminal routes. Tritiated water spaces were calculated from (a) the 8-h plasma specific activity and (b) by extrapolation to zero time of the plasma specific activities during the 7 days after injection. At the end of the experiment the fat and water contents of the bodies of the sheep were determined directly.Complete equilibration of tritiated water between plasma and rumen water was not achieved in all animals 8 h after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection but was when the rumen was primed by the combination of intraperitoneal and intraruminal dosing. After intraruminal dosing equilibration was not achieved in any animal within 8 h of dosing.Urinary losses of marker were lower after intraruminal dosing but otherwise averaged 4–5 % of the dose/1 urine. This was equivalent to 0·3–6·7% of the dose for individual sheep.Errors resulting from incomplete equilibration and urinary loss of marker did not influence the efficiency of prediction of total body water from tritiated water space. The multiple correlation coefficient relating body fat with empty body weight and its water content was very high (r = 0·99). Errors introduced into this relationship by the inclusion of gut water in the prediction equations were apparently of a similar magnitude to those resulting from the errors in the estimation of tritiated water space.The extrapolation method for the determination of tritiated water space was shown to have the same accuracy as equilibration techniques under these controlled dietary conditions.

scholarly journals The Blood Volume of Normal Women

Blood ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1205-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. WADSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Measurements of red cell volume and plasma volume in eight normal women confirm that, in relation to body weight, red cell volume is distinctly lower in women than in men and plasma volume only slightly lower. The relationship between body hematocrit and venous hematocrit (0.90) was found not to be significantly different from that of men.

Mice with experimental colitis show an altered metabolism with decreased metabolic rate

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G165-G172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Melgar ◽  
Mikael Bjursell ◽  
Anna-Karin Gerdin ◽  
Lennart Svensson ◽  
Erik Michaëlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Body Fat Content

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from body weight loss, malnutrition, and several other metabolic alterations affecting their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic changes that may occur during acute and chronic colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers revealed the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response in the DSS-treated mice. Mice with acute inflammation had decreased body weight, respiratory exchange ratios (RER), food intake, and body fat content. Mice with chronic inflammation had decreased nutrient uptake, body fat content, locomotor activity, metabolic rates, and bone mineral density. Despite this, the body weight, food and water intake, lean mass, and RER of these mice returned to values similar to those in healthy controls. Thus, murine experimental colitis is associated with significant metabolic alterations similar to IBD patients. Our data show that the metabolic responses during acute and chronic inflammation are different, although the metabolic rate is reduced in both phases. These observations suggest compensatory metabolic alterations in chronic colitis resulting in a healthy appearance despite gross colon pathology.

scholarly journals High-calcium diet with whey protein attenuates body-weight gain in high-fat-fed C57Bl/6J mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru K. Pilvi ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Minna Huttunen ◽  
Heikki Vapaatalo ◽  
Eero M. Mervaala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Fat Excretion

An inverse relationship between Ca intake and BMI has been found in several studies. It has been suggested that Ca affects adipocyte metabolism via suppressing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2-D3) and decreases fat absorption. We studied the effect of Ca and milk proteins (whey and casein) on body weight in C57Bl/6J mice. Male mice, age 9 weeks, were divided into three groups (ten mice per group) receiving modified high-fat (60 % of energy) diets. Two groups received a high-Ca diet (1·8 % calcium carbonate (CaCO3)), with casein or whey protein (18 % of energy), and one group received a low-Ca diet (0·4 % CaCO3) with casein for 21 weeks. Food intake was measured daily and body weight twice per week. Body fat content (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of all mice and faecal Ca and fat excretion of seven mice/group were measured twice during the study. Final body weight (44·1 (sem 1·1) g) and body fat content (41·6 (sem 0·6) %) were significantly lower (P < 0·05) in the high-Ca whey group than in the low-Ca casein group (48·1 (sem 0·8) g and 44·9 (sem 0·8) %). Body weight and body fat content of the high-Ca casein group did not differ significantly from the low-Ca casein group even though serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels were significantly lower (P < 0·001) in both high-Ca groups than in the low-Ca casein group. Thus changes in serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 do not seem to affect body weight in this animal model. There was a significant difference in fat excretion between the high-Ca whey and low-Ca casein groups (3·9 (sem 0·9) % in the high-Ca whey v. 1·4 (sem 0·2) % in the low-Ca casein group; P < 0·05), which may partly explain the effect on body weight.

Detection of QTL for body weight and body fat content in mice using genetic markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brockmann ◽  
D. Timtchenko ◽  
P. Das ◽  
U. Renne ◽  
G. Freyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content

Short-term treatment with metformin decreases serum leptin concentration without affecting body weight and body fat content in normal-weight healthy men

Metabolism ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fruehwald-Schultes ◽  
Kerstin M. Oltmanns ◽  
Barbara Toschek ◽  
Stefan Sopke ◽  
Werner Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Body Fat Content

Characterization of embryonic oxygen consumption of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
J. R. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Key Words Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lean Line

Eggs of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content were incubated and oxygen consumption of single embryos was measured on days 14–19 of incubation with an indirect calorimeter. The objectives of this study were to investigate oxygen consumption patterns of the two genetic lines in the late stage of embryonic development (days 14–19) and the relationship between this pattern and body composition of the bird at 8 wk of age. Oxygen consumption for the genetically lean line (LL) was higher (P < 0.05) than that for the genetically fat line (FL) for days 14 and 15 of incubation, while no differences were detectable after day 16 of incubation. The average oxygen consumption over the 6 d of measurement tended to be higher (P = 0.09) for LL than for FL. Furthermore, male embryos had a higher (P < 0.05) O2 consumption rate after day 17 of incubation than female embryos. The average O2 consumption rate over the 6 d of measurement tended to be higher (P = 0.07) for males than for females across genetic lines. At 8 wk of age, FL birds had greater (P < 0.01) body fat content than LL birds. Also, females showed a greater body fat content than males. Statistical analysis indicated that body fat content and body weight at 8-wk of age were correlated with embryonic O2 consumption. However, the correlation between body weight and embryonic O2 consumption was higher than that between body fat content and embryonic O2 consumption, which would be expected since oxygen consumption reflects lean body mass. Key words: Oxygen consumption, embryo, broiler, fat content, indirect calorimetry

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