Characterization of embryonic oxygen consumption of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Liu ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
A. Lirette ◽  
J. R. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Key Words Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lean Line

Eggs of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content were incubated and oxygen consumption of single embryos was measured on days 14–19 of incubation with an indirect calorimeter. The objectives of this study were to investigate oxygen consumption patterns of the two genetic lines in the late stage of embryonic development (days 14–19) and the relationship between this pattern and body composition of the bird at 8 wk of age. Oxygen consumption for the genetically lean line (LL) was higher (P < 0.05) than that for the genetically fat line (FL) for days 14 and 15 of incubation, while no differences were detectable after day 16 of incubation. The average oxygen consumption over the 6 d of measurement tended to be higher (P = 0.09) for LL than for FL. Furthermore, male embryos had a higher (P < 0.05) O2 consumption rate after day 17 of incubation than female embryos. The average O2 consumption rate over the 6 d of measurement tended to be higher (P = 0.07) for males than for females across genetic lines. At 8 wk of age, FL birds had greater (P < 0.01) body fat content than LL birds. Also, females showed a greater body fat content than males. Statistical analysis indicated that body fat content and body weight at 8-wk of age were correlated with embryonic O2 consumption. However, the correlation between body weight and embryonic O2 consumption was higher than that between body fat content and embryonic O2 consumption, which would be expected since oxygen consumption reflects lean body mass. Key words: Oxygen consumption, embryo, broiler, fat content, indirect calorimetry

Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

scholarly journals Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rozália Kasza ◽  
Tamás Donkó ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Lean Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.

Estimation of body fat content from standard body length and body weight on cultured red sea bream

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H ARUE KORA ◽  
M UTSUYOSI TSUCHIMOTO ◽  
K ATSUYA MIYATA ◽  
S HINKO OSATO ◽  
Q IN WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Red Sea Bream ◽  
Body Fat Content

Mice with experimental colitis show an altered metabolism with decreased metabolic rate

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G165-G172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Melgar ◽  
Mikael Bjursell ◽  
Anna-Karin Gerdin ◽  
Lennart Svensson ◽  
Erik Michaëlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Body Fat Content

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from body weight loss, malnutrition, and several other metabolic alterations affecting their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic changes that may occur during acute and chronic colonic inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Clinical symptoms and inflammatory markers revealed the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response in the DSS-treated mice. Mice with acute inflammation had decreased body weight, respiratory exchange ratios (RER), food intake, and body fat content. Mice with chronic inflammation had decreased nutrient uptake, body fat content, locomotor activity, metabolic rates, and bone mineral density. Despite this, the body weight, food and water intake, lean mass, and RER of these mice returned to values similar to those in healthy controls. Thus, murine experimental colitis is associated with significant metabolic alterations similar to IBD patients. Our data show that the metabolic responses during acute and chronic inflammation are different, although the metabolic rate is reduced in both phases. These observations suggest compensatory metabolic alterations in chronic colitis resulting in a healthy appearance despite gross colon pathology.

scholarly journals High-calcium diet with whey protein attenuates body-weight gain in high-fat-fed C57Bl/6J mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru K. Pilvi ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Minna Huttunen ◽  
Heikki Vapaatalo ◽  
Eero M. Mervaala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Fat Excretion

An inverse relationship between Ca intake and BMI has been found in several studies. It has been suggested that Ca affects adipocyte metabolism via suppressing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2-D3) and decreases fat absorption. We studied the effect of Ca and milk proteins (whey and casein) on body weight in C57Bl/6J mice. Male mice, age 9 weeks, were divided into three groups (ten mice per group) receiving modified high-fat (60 % of energy) diets. Two groups received a high-Ca diet (1·8 % calcium carbonate (CaCO3)), with casein or whey protein (18 % of energy), and one group received a low-Ca diet (0·4 % CaCO3) with casein for 21 weeks. Food intake was measured daily and body weight twice per week. Body fat content (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of all mice and faecal Ca and fat excretion of seven mice/group were measured twice during the study. Final body weight (44·1 (sem 1·1) g) and body fat content (41·6 (sem 0·6) %) were significantly lower (P < 0·05) in the high-Ca whey group than in the low-Ca casein group (48·1 (sem 0·8) g and 44·9 (sem 0·8) %). Body weight and body fat content of the high-Ca casein group did not differ significantly from the low-Ca casein group even though serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels were significantly lower (P < 0·001) in both high-Ca groups than in the low-Ca casein group. Thus changes in serum 1,25(OH)2-D3 do not seem to affect body weight in this animal model. There was a significant difference in fat excretion between the high-Ca whey and low-Ca casein groups (3·9 (sem 0·9) % in the high-Ca whey v. 1·4 (sem 0·2) % in the low-Ca casein group; P < 0·05), which may partly explain the effect on body weight.

Detection of QTL for body weight and body fat content in mice using genetic markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brockmann ◽  
D. Timtchenko ◽  
P. Das ◽  
U. Renne ◽  
G. Freyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content

Short-term treatment with metformin decreases serum leptin concentration without affecting body weight and body fat content in normal-weight healthy men

Metabolism ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fruehwald-Schultes ◽  
Kerstin M. Oltmanns ◽  
Barbara Toschek ◽  
Stefan Sopke ◽  
Werner Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Body Fat Content

Relationship between body fat and shivering in air at 15 C

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrington Daniels ◽  
Paul T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Interval Scale ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Rule Out

Thirty-one men of widely varying body fat content were exposed to air at 15.2 C for 2 hr. Rectal and skin temperatures and metabolic rates were measured at 10, 40, and 80 min and at the end of the 2 hr. Shivering was rated on a five-interval scale. Under these conditions thick subcutaneous fat provided insulation as indicated by lower skin temperatures, less shivering, and lower oxygen consumption in the fatter men. The findings rule out simple relationships between measured temperatures and shivering, leading to other possibilities and approaches to the study of shivering. Submitted on October 3, 1960

The prediction of the body composition of hill sheep from body weight, red cell volume and tritiated water space

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Red Cell Volume ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Water Space

SummaryThe use of body weight, red cell volume and tritiated water space in the prediction of the body water, body-fat and soft tissue protein contents of hill sheep was investigated. Sixteen Blackface sheep, ranging in age from 2½ to 6½ years, were used before mating in November when in peak body condition and 21, of similar age distribution, were used in mid-lactation in June when in very poor body condition. Mean fat concentrations in the empty body were 188 and 28 g/kg in November and June, respectively.Body weight alone accounted for 46 and 14% of the variation in body-fat content in November and June, respectively. The inclusion of red cell volume as a second independent variate did not improve the efficiency of the prediction equations. When tritiated water space and body weight were used 77% of the variation in body-fat content was accounted for in both November and June. Separate equations for the November and June groups gave the most accurate estimate of body-fat content, but it was concluded that for most practical purposes a single relationship would be sufficiently accurate. Soft tissue protein content was best described as a simple function of body weight.The application of prediction equations from the literature to the present populations of sheep led to overestimates of body-fat content by up to 100%. It is suggested that prediction equations need to be specific to the experimental conditions operating or to the particular population under study.

Leptin is related to body fat content in male distance runners

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. E938-E940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
R. V. Considine ◽  
R. G. Israel ◽  
T. L. Mahar ◽  
M. R. McCammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Body Fat Content

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, has been reported to be related to body fat in humans (Considine et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 334: 292, 1996). However, little is known about the physiology of this putative satiety signal in humans. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether leptin is related to body fat content in relatively lean endurance-trained adults. In addition, the effect of acute exercise on circulating leptin concentration was studied. Thirteen male runners, whose mean age, height, weight, %fat, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were 32.2 +/- 2.5 yr, 176.2 +/- 1.6 cm, 71.9 +/- 6.9 kg, 9.7 +/- 0.9%, and 62.9 +/- 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively, were studied. Blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast and again immediately after the completion of a 20-mile run at 70% VO2max under controlled environmental conditions. Serum leptin was closely related to fat mass (r = 0.92) in the runners. Acute exercise had no detectable effect on serum leptin levels (PRE = 2.19 +/- 0.32 ng/ml, POST = 2.14 +/- 0.36 ng/ml). These data indicate that, even at a biological extreme of body fat, circulating leptin concentration is closely related to fat content. Furthermore, the data suggest that, in trained individuals with low leptin concentrations, acute exhaustive exercise has no immediate effect on circulating leptin concentration.

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