Effect of soil moisture on nodulation of cowpea and hyacinth bean

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Habish ◽  
A. A. Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Hyacinth Bean

SummaryPot experiments in which cowpea and hyacinth bean were grown at 15–45% soil moisture showed that nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant growth were poor at 15%. The weights of nodules and plants were lower in January (winter) than in June (summer). In June cowpea was more tolerant of dry conditions giving good nodulation at 25–35% whereas hyacinth bean required 35–45%.Under field conditions the number and dry weight of nodules were affected by the irrigation interval whereas plant growth was affected by the amount of water applied. Applying 75 mm depth of water every 7 days gave the best combination of nodulation and plant growth.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE AROUND NODULES ON NITROGEN FIXATION BY WELL WATERED SOYBEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. HUME ◽  
J. G. CRISWELL ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Water Potentials

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown at various soil moisture levels around nodules so effects on nitrogen fixation could be studied. Plants were grown in a growth room in 35-cm diam pots. Pots contained two layers of loam–sand mixture separated by a layer of coarse silica, intended to restrict capillary movement of soil moisture from the bottom to the top soil layer. At the beginning of seed development, pots received 200 ml water on the surface, 200 ml in the bottom layer through plastic tubes or 100 ml each way. Plants with good root development in the bottom soil layer maintained leaf water potentials greater than − 6 bars, while soil moisture around nodules varied from 4 to 20%. In three individual experiments, in which only plants with leaf water potentials greater than − 6 bars were considered, there was no relationship between soil moisture around nodules and mg N2[C2H2] fixed/g nodule dry weight × h. When results of two experiments with similar fixation means were combined, there was a barely significant (R2 =.19*) quadratic relationship, with very dry soil or soil near field capacity around nodules decreasing fixation slightly. Percent moisture in soil around nodules did not affect nodule moisture content, indicating that nodule moisture status was maintained if plants received adequate moisture from below the nodule zone.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ammonium Nitrate Ratio and Support Types on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Field Conditions

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Issukindarsyah Issukindarsyah ◽  
◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
DidikIndradewa Indradewa ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Uptake

The study’s objective was to determine the effect of the NO3-: NH4+ratio and types of support on NPK uptake and pepper plant growth in field conditions. The study used a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the type of support, being the deadwood and living supports in the form of Gliricidia sp. and Ceiba pentandra. The second factor was the ratio of N fertilizer forms, which were 100% NO3-, 100% NH4+, 50% NO3-:50% NH4+, 75% NO3-:25% NH4+ and 25% NO3-:75% NH4+. The results have demonstrated that the uptake of N, P, and K, as well as the plant growth, were not affected by the interaction of the N fertilizer form ratio with the types of support. In field conditions, the black pepper prefers the N fertilizer in the form of 50% NO3-:50% NH4+. The pepper plants that were given N fertilizer in a combination of 50% NO3-:50% NH4+ have demonstrated an N, P, and K uptake, and morphology and plant dry weight were higher than the ratio of other forms of N fertilizers.

Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arrendell ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

Nitrogen fixation by Stereocaulon paschale under field conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Huss-Danell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Fixation Activity ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen fixation (C2H2 reduction) by the lichen Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Fr. was studied in the field in northern Sweden. Field studies were carried out in a very dry dwarf-shrub-type pine forest with S. paschale as the only nitrogen-fixing lichen species. During May–September 1973 and 1974 nitrogen fixation was measured on 28 occasions at irregular intervals, and a total of about 1200 lichen samples were studied. The mean nitrogen-fixation activity during May–September was 0.85 and 1.04 μg N g−1 dry weight h−1 for 1973 and 1974 respectively. The water content of the thallus was the most important factor influencing the nitrogen-fixation activity. Studies on gain and loss of thallus water served as a basis for calculating the number of hours when nitrogen fixation occurred. In the area investigated, with S. paschale covering 14% of the ground, the species was calculated to contribute 0.1 g nitrogen fixed per square metre during May–September 1974.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Spathiphyllum spp. as a plant-microbial fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Kei Jung Kwon ◽  
Bong Ju Park
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Volumetric Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Plant Plant

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of an ornamental plant, Spathiphyllum spp., as a plant-microbial fuel cell (Plant MFC) to produce voltage and current. This study also evaluated the effect of the Plant MFC on water use efficiency and plant growth. The experiment used four experimental groups: used MFC without plant (Soil MFC), used MFC with plant (Plant MFC), unused MFC without plant (Soil Pot), and unused MFC with plant (Plant Pot). Plant MFC generated higher voltage and current levels than Soil MFC. The average voltage of Plant MFC and Soil MFC was 0.475 V and 0.375 V, respectively, and the average current was 0.110 mA and 0.030 mA, respectively. Plant MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. produced a constant voltage output, with a deviation of 0.027 V during the four-month indoor experiment. The difference between the maximum and minimum voltage during the day was as small as 0.015 V, which supports the utility of Plant MFC as a stable power source. Volumetric soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthesis rate, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of Plant MFC and Plant Pot were measured. There was no significant difference in any values, and volumetric soil moisture and plant growth were not affected by the utilization of Plant MFC. Thus, a Plant-MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. can play the same ornamental role as conventional plants and at the same time be used as a sustainable bioelectricity source.

CARBOFURAN EFFECTS ON ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGUMES IN RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH, NITROGEN FIXATION, AND SOIL NEMATODES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELANGER ◽  
J. E. WINCH ◽  
J. L. TOWNSHEND
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Stand

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of carbofuran on the establishment and subsequent yields of sod-seeded legumes. The effects of carbofuran on plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in non-sterilized and sterilized soil were evaluated in growth cabinet experiments. In the field experiments carbofuran, applied immediately after seeding, had a positive effect on plant stand and seedling dry matter production of birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata L.) in the weeks following seeding. In the first production years of these field trials, there was a trend for the total and legume yields to be higher in the carbofuran plots than where carbofuran was not used. In either growth cabinet experiment, however, shoot growth was not affected by carbofuran but a reduction in the number of plants in the non-sterilized and carbofuran pots occurred. A toxic effect of carbofuran on seedlings may have been involved. No correlation between soil nematode numbers and plant stand or dry matter production was found in either field or growth cabinet experiments. In the growth cabinet experiments, carbofuran did not affect the number of nodules but improved nitrogen fixation in sterilized pots of exp. B. Carbofuran increased the dry weight of individual nodules in the sterilized pots of exp. A but a decrease was observed in exp. B. These effects of carbofuran on the dry weight of individual nodules and specific nodule activity were also observed in the nematode-free environment created by sterilization. In view of these responses in sterile soil, it was suggested that the effect of carbofuran was not as a nematicide but rather a positive physiological effect on the plant component of the plant-rhizobium system.Key words: Carbofuran, establishment, legumes, nitrogen fixation, nematodes

Studies in the nodulation of Kenya white clover (Trifolium semipilosum) under field conditions in south-east Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
RM Jones ◽  
RA Date
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Serological Identification ◽  
Seed Application ◽  
Inoculum Strain

The nodulation of Kenya white clover (Trifolium semipilosum) was examined under field conditions to evaluate reported establishment problems attributed to poor nodulation. Two isolates of Rhizobium identified as strain CB782 were obtained from nodules of T. semipilosum located in separate field sowings each of which was considered an establishment failure but which had recovered to healthy stands at the time of sampling. The two isolates were compared with a laboratory maintained culture of CB782 for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Both isolates and the original strain were equally effective in N-fixation and all three increased plant dry weight, per cent plants with effective (pink) nodules and amount of nitrogen fixed compared with an uninoculated control. Increasing the level of seed application of inoculum up to the normal rate increased effective nodulation, but excess inoculum levels resulted only in greater numbers of smaller effective (pink) nodules without any increase in nodule dry weight. High inoculum levels decreased the number of white and green nodules compared with the control. Over 50 per cent effective nodulation was obtained with less than 50 Rhizobium seed-1 at sowing. Serological identification and effectiveness tests of strains in nodules confirmed that most white and green nodules on T. semipilosum resulted from infection by naturally occurring white clover rhizobia. These were ineffective in nitrogen fixation with T. semipilosum but fully effective on T. repens. Serological typing of nodules also indicated that normal levels of inoculation resulted in more than 80 per cent of nodules being formed by the specific inoculum strain. We conclude that field sowings of T. semipilosum can be effectively nodulated by the specific inoculum strain CB782 which is both effective and persistent under south-east Queensland conditions. We suggest that most reported nitrogen deficiency symptoms of establishing T. semipilosum are due to infection by Rugose Leaf Curl Virus.

Influence of Soil Moisture on Tolerance of Corn to Cyanazine

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Tolerance of corn (Zea maysL.) to cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] was compared when grown in Conover sandy loam soil. Reductions in seedling dry weight were obtained under both low and high soil moisture following preemergence and postemergence applications of cyanazine allowed to contact both plants and soil. During periods of active plant growth high soil moisture is favorable for rapid root uptake of cyanazine which causes injury to corn.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering of Salvia nemorosa ‘Ostfrieland' in Response to Reduced Irrigation1

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Amanda Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Reduced irrigation (RI) can conserve water and control plant growth; however, the timing of RI applications can impact plant growth and flowering. The goal of this research was to quantify growth of Salvia nemorosa L. ‘Ostfrieland' (East Friesland) in response to RI. A soil-moisture sensor automated irrigation system was used to apply four irrigation treatments: RI and well-watered (WW) controls (20% and 38% substrate water content) and two combination treatments to apply RI for either the first two weeks (20% followed by 38%, RIWW ) or final four weeks (38% followed by 20%, WWRI ) of the six-week study. Flower number, height, compactness, and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) were not different across treatments. Average flower stem length was greater for the WW and RIWW treatments than for the RI treatment. Shoot dry weight was less for the RI treatment compared to the WW and RIWW treatments, respectively]. Cumulative irrigation volume was lowest for the RI treatment and highest for the RIWW treatment. Visually, plants in the RIWW treatment had an open, floppy habit that would likely negatively impact sales in a retail setting. Plants in the RI treatment were smaller, but visually appealing. Index words: soil moisture sensor, plant production, herbaceous perennial, container plants. Species used in this study: ‘Ostfrieland' salvia (Salvia nemorosa L.).

scholarly journals Paenibacillus strains with nitrogen fixation and multiple beneficial properties for promoting plant growth

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Liu ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Yongbin Li ◽  
Guohua Guan ◽  
Sanfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Fe Protein ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Nitrogenase Activities

Paenibacillus is a large genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. The genus Paenibacillus currently comprises more than 150 named species, approximately 20 of which have nitrogen-fixation ability. The N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains have potential uses as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, 179 bacterial strains were isolated by using nitrogen-free medium after heating at 85 °C for 10 min from 69 soil samples collected from different plant rhizospheres in different areas. Of the 179 bacterial strains, 25 Paenibacillus strains had nifH gene encoding Fe protein of nitrogenase and showed nitrogenase activities. Of the 25 N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains, 22 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). 21 strains out of the 25 N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains inhibited at least one of the 6 plant pathogens Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium graminearum, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gossypii and Alternaria longipes. 18 strains inhibited 5 plant pathogens and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-13b could inhibit the growth of all of the 6 plant pathogens. According to the nitrogenase activities, antibacterial capacities and IAA production, we chose eight strains to inoculate wheat, cucumber and tomato. Our results showed that the 5 strains Paenibacillus sp. JS-4, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-10, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-14, Paenibacillus sp. BJ-4 and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-15 significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced the dry weight of plants. Hence, the five strains have the greater potential to be used as good candidates for biofertilizer to facilitate sustainable development of agriculture.

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