Effects on Nutritive Value for Growing Pigs of Pelleting Diets Containing Low Glucosinolate Rapeseed Meals

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Many pigs are given their diets in cubed or pelleted form and the process of pelleting has been shown to increase nutritive value. The reasons for increases in nutritive value following pelleting of a diet are uncertain but reductions in crude fibre and improved apparent digestibility of gross energy and dry matter (D.M.) may be involved (Lawrence, 1971, 1976, 1979). As rapeseed meal (RSM) is higher in crude fibre and, in general, of lower digestible energy value than soya-bean meal (SBM), it was thought possible that the beneficial effect of pelleting could be greater in RSM than in SBM diets.

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

Growth, tissue deposition and metabolism studies in growing pigs given low glucosinolate rapeseed meal diets containing different amounts of copper and polyethylene glycol

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Growth Experiments

SummaryIn three factorial growth experiments and a metabolism experiment pigs of approximately 25 kg initial live weight were given on a restricted scale of feeding simple diets, based on barley, a vitamin and mineral supplement and either soya-bean meal (SBM) or a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (cv. Tower; TRSM). Variations in these two basic diets were produced by adding different quantities of tannic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and copper (Cu).Diets based on soya-bean meal were used in the first experiment. There were no significant interactions. Tannic acid added at 3·75 and 7·50 g/kg air-dry matter was without significant effect on performance compared with no tannic acid addition, but PEG at 17 g/kg air-dry matter significantly improved growth rate compared with no PEG addition to the diet (P < 0·05). In the second experiment TRSM-based diets were used. There were no significant interactions and no significant effects on performance from adding 0, 8·5 and 17·0 g PEG/kg air-dry matter. Increasing Cu from 17 to 54 mg/kg air-dry diet significantly improved growth rate (P < 0·05). In the third experiment TRSM and SBM based diets, of similar digestible energy (DE), crude protein and lysine content, and containing either 19 or 202 mg Cu/kg air-dry matter, were used. Pigs were slaughtered at 87·5 kg live weight and hand joints dissected. Pigs given the TRSM diet containing 19 mg Cu/kg grew significantly more slowly than pigs given the three other diets between which there were no significant differences. There were no other significant interactions and no significant differences between Cu concentrations for the growth, carcass and efficiency of conversion results. Compared with TRSM diets, SBM diets at similar slaughter weights gave significantly greater carcass weights, killingout proportions and backfat thicknesses. Also the efficiencies with which dietary protein and DE were used to promote units of carcass growth were significantly better for the SBM diets, but there were no significant differences in the estimated weights of lean in carcasses.In the metabolism experiments the effects of adding PEG to diets similar to those used in the growth experiments were examined. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen and the nitrogen retentions were significantly greater for the SBM diets than for the TRSM diets. The addition of PEG to the SBM and TRSM diets significantly decreased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy, and significantly increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the SBM diet but not in the TRSM diet.

scholarly journals The effect of formaldehyde treatment before ensiling on the digestion of wilted grass silage by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
R. T. Evans ◽  
D. E. Beever
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. Wilted perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. cv. Endura) was ensiled without additive or after addition of a mixture of equal volumes of formic acid (850 g/kg) and formalin (380 g formaldehyde/kg) applied at a rate of 35 g formaldehyde/kg herbage crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25). The digestion of the two silages and the effect of supplemental N as urea or urea plus soya-bean meal on the digestion of the treated silage was studied using sheep fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum.2. The additive markedly reduced carbohydrate fermentation and protein degradation in the silo.3. There were no significant differences between diets in rumen pH, dilution rate, volatile fatty acid production and the molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, rumen ammonia levels and the apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE) and cellulose in the stomach were significantly depressed (P< 0.05) by the additive. It also reduced (P< 0.05) the extent to which the N of the silage was degraded in the rumen and, with the treated silage, more microbial N was synthesized in the rumen than food N degraded, resulting in a net gain of N between mouth and duodenum, as compared to a net loss with the untreated silage.4. Supplementation of the treated silage with urea or urea plus soya-bean meal significantly increased (P< 0.05) the amount of food N degraded in the rumen and rumen ammonia levels but had no effect on the apparent digestibility of OM, GE and cellulose in the stomach or on the amount of microbial N reaching the duodenum.5. The quantity of microbial amino acids entering the small intestine and the apparent digestibility of amino acids in the small intestine were similar for all four diets. However, the quantity of food amino acids reaching the small intestine was significantly higher with the three diets containing the treated silage and consequently the apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was substantially higher with these diets than with the untreated silage.

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
T. Kiener
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

scholarly journals Phosphorus studies in pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Ketaren ◽  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
E. Belinda Dettmann ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Two experiments were conducted (1) to determine the effects of phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) on the digestibility and availability of P in soya-bean meal for growing pigs and (2) to compare growth v. digestibility variables for assessing the availability of P. In the first experiment the effect of phytase on P availability was assessed in a growth assay using a slope–ratio design of treatments. Two different levels of either monosodium phosphate (MSP) or soya-bean meal were added to a basal sugar–soya-bean-meal diet (2·5 g P/kg) to give two levels of P (g/kg): 3·25 and 4·0 for each source. An additional five diets were supplemented with phytase. The ten diets were offered ad lib. for 35 d to female pigs initially weighing 20 kg live weight. In addition, the relative effectiveness of different variables for assessing P availability were compared: bone bending moment, ash in various bones, and ash and P in the empty body. The addition of phytase increased growth rate (g/d) (741 v. 835; P < 0·05), lowered the food conversion ratio (2·37 v. 2·16; P < 0·01), and increased protein deposition (g/d) (108 v. 123; P < 0·05), protein retention (kg/kg) (0·33 v. 0·36; P < 0·05), energy retention (MJ gross energy/MJ digestible energy) (0·36 v. 0·38; P < 0·05) and the availability of P in soya-bean meal from 0·11 to 0·69 when bone bending moment was the criterion of availability. All other criteria for assessing availability were unsuitable. In the second experiment the availability of (P) in soya-bean meal was assessed in a digestibility experiment with grower pigs using diets 1–5 as for Expt 1 arranged in a slope–ratio design of treatments. In addition, the effects of phytase supplementation on the apparent digestibility of P, dry matter, crude protein (N × 6·25) and energy were determined. The diets were offered at three times maintenance energy requirements to male pigs initially weighing approximately 30 kg live weight and total collection of faeces was conducted over a 10 d period. The availability of P in the soya-bean meal was 0·66 using digestible P intake as the criterion of response. The apparent digestibility of P in soya-bean meal was 0·42. Phytase supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of soya-bean meal P to 0·69 (P < 0·01) but had no effect on the faecal digestibility of dry matter or crude protein. Overall these experiments indicate that (1) estimates of P digestibility and availability were unlikely to be interchangeable and (2) phytase was effective in releasing much of the bound P in soya-bean meal.

Double-low rapeseed meal for pigs: ileal apparent digestibility of amino acids in diets containing various proportions of rapeseed meal, fish meal and soya-bean meal

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge ◽  
A. G. Low ◽  
J. J. Matte
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Main Trial ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative nutritional value of rapeseed meal (var. Tandem) in comparison with soya-bean meal and fish meal, seven barley-based diets were formulated to provide 13·1 MJ digestible energy and 8·8 g total lysine per kg. They contained soya-bean meal (S), rapeseed meal (R) or fish meal (F) alone, or equal proportions (on a total nitrogen basis) of soya and rapeseed, soya and fish meal, rapeseed and fish meal or soya, rapeseed and fish meal. The study involved 14 pigs growing from 40 to 90 kg, each fitted with a T cannula in the terminal ileum. Dietary treatments were applied during 7-day periods according to a 7 × 7 Latin-square design, replicated twice. The pigs were fed at 12-h intervals. Ileal digesta were collected during two 12-h periods from each pig after adaptation to each diet. Nutrient apparent digestibilities were measured using chromium III oxide as a marker; for diets S, R and F, respectively, values were: dry matter, 0·58, 0·51 and 0·66 (s.e. 0·014); N, 0·72, 0·67 and 0·73 (s.e. 0·011); lysine, 0·79, 0·72 and 0·83 (s.e. 0·010), with a similar relationship between diets for most other amino acids. In general, values for diets containing combinations of the protein supplements were intermediate between those for diets containing the respective single supplements. Following the main trial, seven pigs were given a semi-purified diet containing rapeseed meal as the only protein source; this gave amino acid digestibility values similar to or slightly higher than diet R. Diet R, which contained 375 g rapeseed meal per kg, presented no palatability problem. Rapeseed meal of the quality used in this trial could contribute a substantial proportion of the protein supplement for growing pigs. Its value should be enhanced by formulating diets according to the ileal digestibility of the limiting amino acids.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of wet distillers' solubles for pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cyclic Change ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Digestibility and nitrogen (N) metabolism were studied to evaluate the nutritive value of wet barley distillers’ solubles (DSB) from an integrated starch-ethanol process for pigs. Eight castrated male pigs (live weight 72-103 kg) were used in a 8 x 3 cyclic change-over design, where the diets were arranged factorially 2x2. The corresponding factors were the protein source (DSB or soya bean meal (SBM)) and the protein level (131 or 162 g crude protein (CP)/kg dry matter (DM)). Faeces and urine were collected in total. The four diets comprised barley, barley starch, minerals and vitamins with either DSB or SBM as the main source of protein. The digestibility of CP(p

Evaluation of the nutritive value of single-cell protein (Pruteen) for lactating dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Teller ◽  
J.-M. Godeau
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with four lactating cows in a latin-square design. The rations were composed mainly of maize silage plus concentrates, supplemented with urea, Pruteen, or soya-bean meal supplying 25% of total dietary N. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured, and milk production recorded.Dry-matter digestibility, intake of metabolizable energy (ME) and ME concentration in dietary dry matter were not significantly altered when Pruteen was substituted for soya-bean meal. However, mean nitrogen digestibility for all the treatments was significantly lower than expected from published relationships.The substitution of Pruteen for soya-bean meal did not significantly affect the nitrogen balance of the animals or milk production, but the latter tended to be higher than that recorded with urea.The responses to the different N supplements are discussed in relation to the feeding systems of the Agricultural Research Council and the French Protéines Digestibles dans l'lntestin Grêle, and are compared with predictions made from statistical relationships developed in our laboratory.

Effect of type of basal diet and rate of inclusion on the evaluation of protein concentrates with rabbits

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Villamide ◽  
Maria J. Fraga ◽  
C. de Blas
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTOne hundred and eight New Zealand × Californian growing rabbits (nine per diet) were used to determine the nutritive value (digestible energy (DE), digestible protein (DCP) and digestible acid-detergent fibre (DADF)) of five protein concentrates. In assay 1, the effect of the type of basal diet (BD) (7·6 or 10·0 MJ DE per kg dry matter (DM) for BD1 and BD2 respectively) and the substitution level (150, 300 and 450 g/kg) on nutritive value of soya-bean meal was studied. According to the results of assay 1, one basal diet (BD2) and one substitution level (300 g/kg for sunflower 380, gluten meal and extruded soya-bean meal or 500 g/kg for sunflower 320) were selected in assay 2 to determine their nutritive value.The effect of the basal diet and the substitution level on the nutritive value of soya-bean meal was evident only for the values calculated from BD1 and the lowest level of inclusion. The data obtained by difference at the highest level of inclusion and by extrapolating the linear equations were very similar (16·32 v. 16·35 MJ DE and 387·62 v. 388.58 g DCP per kg DM for BD2), but the standard errors were lower (0·52 v. 0·72 for DE and 6.76 v. 8.95 for DCP) in the former. The DE values obtained for sunflower meal 320 and 380, extruded soya-bean and gluten meal were 10·29, 14·37, 18·58 and 20·57 MJ/kg DM respectively; protein digestibilities were high (with coefficients from 0·80 to 0·90) except in the case of sunflower-320 (0·73). A stepwise regression analysis was made to predict the nutritive value from chemical composition including values from literature. For prediction of DE, the variables selected were: crude fibre, ether extract and ash, obtaining a determination coefficient of 0·935. The protein digestibility was independent of variables employed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document