scholarly journals The effects of cropping sequence, fertilization and straw management on the yield stability of winter wheat (1986–2017) in the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment, Rothamsted, UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
J. Macholdt ◽  
H.-P. Piepho ◽  
B. Honermeier ◽  
S. Perryman ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Yield Risk

AbstractThe development of resilient cropping systems with high yield stability is becoming increasingly important due to future climatic and agronomic challenges. Consequently, it is essential to compare the effects of different agronomic management practices, such as cropping sequences and nutrient supply, on the stability of crop yields. Long-term experiments are a valuable resource for investigating these effects, as they provide enough time to accurately estimate stability parameters. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of different cropping sequencing (#1: continuous v. rotational), fertilization (#2: mineral v. organic) and straw management techniques (in the case of continuous wheat; #3: removal v. incorporation) on the yield stability of winter wheat; yield risk (the probability of yield falling below a threshold yield level) and inter-annual yield variability were used as stability indicators of the effects. Long-term yield data from the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment (Rothamsted, UK) were analysed using a mixed model. Overall, the results showed that rotational cropping combined with sufficient mineral N fertilizer, with or without organic manure, ensured stable wheat yields while reducing yield risk. In contrast, higher yield risks and inter-annual yield variabilities were found in continuous wheat sections with less mineral N fertilizer or with organic manure only.

scholarly journals Influence of Previous Crop on Durum Wheat Yield and Yield Stability in a Long-term Experiment

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Stelluti ◽  
Angelo Caliandro ◽  
Anna Maria Stellacci
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Soil Fertility Status of Long-Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nabin Rawal ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Devraj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Available Phosphorus

Balanced nutrient supply is important for the sustainable crop production. We evaluated the effects of nutrient management practices on soil properties and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - rice - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in a long-term experiment established at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were applied as: T1- no nutrients added, T2- N added; T3- N and P added; T4- N and K added; T5- NPK added at recommended rate for all crops. Similarly, T6- only N added in rice and NPK in wheat at recommended rate; T7- half N; T8- half NP of recommended rate for both crops; and T9- farmyard manure (FYM) @10 Mg ha-1 for all crops in rotation. Results of the study revealed that rice and wheat yields were significantly greater under FYM than all other treatments. Treatments that did not receive P (T2, T3, T7, T8) and K (T2, T4) had considerably low wheat yield than treatments that received NPK (T5) and FYM (T9). The FYM lowered soil pH and improved soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) contents than other treatments. Management practices that ensure nutrient supply can increase crop yield and improve soil fertility status.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 42-50

Winter wheat yield and nitrous oxide emissions in response to cowpea-based green manure and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanka P. Kandel ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Brian K. Northup ◽  
Alexandre C. Rocateli
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of cowpea green manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers on yields of winter wheat and soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). The comparisons included cowpea grown solely as green manure where all biomass was terminated at maturity by tillage, summer fallow treatments with 90 kg N ha−1 as urea (90-N), and no fertilization (control) at planting of winter wheat. Fluxes of N2O were measured by closed chamber methods after soil incorporation of cowpea in autumn (October–November) and harvesting of winter wheat in summer (June–August). Growth and yields of winter wheat and N concentrations in grain and straw were also measured. Cowpea produced 9.5 Mg ha−1 shoot biomass with 253 kg N ha−1 at termination. Although soil moisture was favorable for denitrification after soil incorporation of cowpea biomass, low concentrations of soil mineral N restricted emissions of N2O from cowpea treatment. However, increased concentrations of soil mineral N and large rainfall-induced emissions were recorded from the cowpea treatment during summer. Growth of winter wheat, yield, and grain N concentrations were lowest in response to cowpea treatment and highest in 90-N treatment. In conclusion, late terminated cowpea may reduce yield of winter wheat and increase emissions of N2O outside of wheat growing seasons due to poor synchronization of N mineralization from cowpea biomass with N-demand of winter wheat.

Assessing the sustainability of wheat-based cropping systems using APSIM: model parameterisation and evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Moeller ◽  
Mustafa Pala ◽  
Ahmad M. Manschadi ◽  
Holger Meinke ◽  
Joachim Sauerborn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Dynamics ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Use

Assessing the sustainability of crop and soil management practices in wheat-based rotations requires a well-tested model with the demonstrated ability to sensibly predict crop productivity and changes in the soil resource. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) suite of models was parameterised and subsequently used to predict biomass production, yield, crop water and nitrogen (N) use, as well as long-term soil water and organic matter dynamics in wheat/chickpea systems at Tel Hadya, north-western Syria. The model satisfactorily simulated the productivity and water and N use of wheat and chickpea crops grown under different N and/or water supply levels in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 experimental seasons. Analysis of soil-water dynamics showed that the 2-stage soil evaporation model in APSIM’s cascading water-balance module did not sufficiently explain the actual soil drying following crop harvest under conditions where unused water remained in the soil profile. This might have been related to evaporation from soil cracks in the montmorillonitic clay soil, a process not explicitly simulated by APSIM. Soil-water dynamics in wheat–fallow and wheat–chickpea rotations (1987–98) were nevertheless well simulated when the soil water content in 0–0.45 m soil depth was set to ‘air dry’ at the end of the growing season each year. The model satisfactorily simulated the amounts of NO3-N in the soil, whereas it underestimated the amounts of NH4-N. Ammonium fixation might be part of the soil mineral-N dynamics at the study site because montmorillonite is the major clay mineral. This process is not simulated by APSIM’s nitrogen module. APSIM was capable of predicting long-term trends (1985–98) in soil organic matter in wheat–fallow and wheat–chickpea rotations at Tel Hadya as reported in literature. Overall, results showed that the model is generic and mature enough to be extended to this set of environmental conditions and can therefore be applied to assess the sustainability of wheat–chickpea rotations at Tel Hadya.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

Crop yield and N2O emission affected by long-term organic manure substitution fertilizer under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 732 ◽  
pp. 139321
Author(s):  
Fenglian Lv ◽  
Jiashan Song ◽  
Donna Giltrap ◽  
Yongtao Feng ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Summer Maize

Biological and chemical assays to estimate nitrogen supplying power of soils with contrasting management histories

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Curtin ◽  
F. M. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Mineralisation ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Mineralisation Potential ◽  
N Fertility

Nitrogen (N) mineralised from soil organic matter can be an important source of N for crop uptake, particularly following cultivation of pastures. Difficulty in predicting the contribution of mineralisation continues to be a serious obstacle to implementating best management practices for fertiliser N. We evaluated biological tests (i.e. net N mineralised in a 28-day aerobic incubation and anaerobically mineralisable N, AMN) and chemical tests (ammonium-N hydrolysis in hot 2 m KCl) as predictors of N supply to a glasshouse-grown oat (Avena sativa L.) crop. The oat plants were grown to maturity without added N on 30 soils representing a range of management histories, including soils collected from long-term pastures and intensive arable cropping sites. The majority (average 83%) of the N accumulated in grain and straw was mineralised N. Plant N derived from mineralisation (PNDM), estimated by subtracting soil mineral N at sowing from N uptake, was generally higher for long-term pasture soils (mean 82 mg/kg, n = 9) than for long-term arable soils (mean 48 mg/kg, n = 9). The 2 measures of N mineralisation were not closely related [R2 = 0.11 (0.37*** when one outlying observation was omitted)], indicating that aerobic and anaerobic assays can give quite different N fertility rankings. Aerobically mineralisable N was the best predictor of PNDM (R2 = 0.79***). The ratio of CO2-C evolved to net N mineralised in the aerobic incubation was highly variable (e.g. mean of 13.6 for pasture soils v. 7.5 for long-term arable soils), likely due to differences in N immobilisation. The correlations of AMN (R2 = 0.32**) and hot KCl N (R2 = 0.24**) with PNDM were not much better than that between total soil N and PNDM (R2 = 0.16*), suggesting that these tests would not provide reliable estimates of N mineralisation potential in soils with diverse management histories.

scholarly journals Effect of Preplant Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing, and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Bushong ◽  
D. Brian Arnall ◽  
William R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer

Preplant irrigation can impact fertilizer management in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of preplant irrigation, N fertilizer application timing, and different N, P, and K fertilizer treatments on grain yield and WUE. Several significant two-way interactions and main effects of all three factors evaluated were observed over four growing seasons for grain yield and WUE. These effects could be described by differences in rainfall and soil moisture content among years. Overall, grain yield and WUE were optimized, if irrigation or adequate soil moisture were available prior to planting. For rain-fed treatments, the timing of N fertilizer application was not as important and could be applied before planting or topdressed without much difference in yield. The application of P fertilizer proved to be beneficial on average years but was not needed in years where above average soil moisture was present. There was no added benefit to applying K fertilizer. In conclusion, N and P fertilizer management practices may need to be altered yearly based on changes in soil moisture from irrigation and/or rainfall.

Optimal time and placement of nitrogen fertilizer with direct and conventionally seeded winter wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Increased Risk

Direct seeding of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has rapidly become an accepted practice in the Chinook region of the southwestern Canadian prairies. Continuously cropped Chernozemic soils are frequently N deficient. To determine best N fertilizer management practices, we examined conventional versus direct seeding to establish winter wheat and to determine the effects of banded and seed-placed N fertilizer treatments in the fall versus broadcast N in the s pring. The research was conducted using two experiments. The first experiment compared band placement of N fertilizer in soil that was conventionally cultivated and seeded, to direct seeding with seed placement of fertilizer using 10% and 50% seedbed utilizations. The second experiment determined optimal time of N application (i.e., fall/spring split vs. spring only) for direct seeded winter wheat. Direct seeding proved to be successful for germination and emergence of winter wheat and was either as good as or superior to conventionally tilled and seeded treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was successfully applied in the fall without increased risk of winterkill and application at the time of seeding was generally equal or superior to spring broadcast N. Based on these results, producers could either apply all N fertilizer at the time of seeding or use a split application strategy by applying a portion of N in the fall, and in the spring apply the remaining N required, based on soil test N and spring soil moist re conditions. Key Words: Winter wheat, ammonium nitrate, urea, nitrogen fertilizer placement, direct seeding, conventional seeding

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