Lime loss rates from arable and grassland soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. CHAMBERS ◽  
T. W. D. GARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loss Rates

Lime loss rates were determined for 11 agricultural soils across England (1987–92) under arable cropping (six sites) and grassland management (five sites), receiving commercial rates of fertilizer inputs. Lime additions in the range 0–1500 kg ha−1 CaCO3 (250 kg ha−1 CaCO3 increments) were made annually to the sites. Soil pH (water and 0·01 m CaCl2) and exchangeable calcium concentrations were measured annually. The annual lime loss rates were calculated as the amount of lime needed to maintain the initial site pH or exchangeable Ca concentrations.Lime loss rates based on soil water pH varied between 40 and 1270 kg ha−1 CaCO3, on the basis of CaCl2 pH between 0 and 1370 kg ha−1 CaCO3, and exchangeable Ca between 0 and 1540 kg ha−1 CaCO3. There was a positive relationship between the lime loss rate (based on water pH) and initial soil pH value (r=0·75; P<0·01), and a negative relationship with soil organic matter content (r=0·63; P<0·05) was based on soil pH, organic matter content and nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Lime loss rates were approximately double those predicted by previous models developed in the 1970s, reflecting the greater quantities of inorganic N fertilizer now being applied to agricultural land.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Some remarks about shifting cultivation in Netherlands New Guinea.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
J.J. Reynders
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Top Soil

Analyses of limestone soils under shifting cultivation, involving the growing of sweet potatoes and laros (Colocasia escalenta) for 6-8 months and a natural regeneration period of 15-20 years followed by burning of the secondary forest, showed this system to be sound. The organic-matter content of the A1 horizon shows little variation during cultivation and regeneration, and the acidity of the top soil is directly related to exchangeable-Ca levels. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Structure and Distribution of Macrobenthos Community in Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Putri Latifa Arumsari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Water Ph

This research aimed to explore the community structure of macrobenthos in Code River, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted during December 2019-January 2020 in Code River, Yogyakarta. Data was taken 4 times in 6 stations. Macrobenthos was taken using a Surber net with a size of 30 x 30 cm and sampling at 5 spots in each station. Data analysis consisted of density, diversity index, dominance index, and evenness index. Water quality data consisted of water temperature, flow velocity, water depth, water pH, dissolved oxygen, and organic matter. The results showed that the density of macrobenthos ranged from 54-172 ind/m2. Our results showed that Code River has moderate diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Sulcospira testudinaria is the most dominant species in Code River. The evenness index showed high except at station 2 which was categorized as moderate. Code River has pretty good water quality, but stations 3, 4, and 5 which are located in the city area, it has a high organic matter content.

Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Donald D. Tyler ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

scholarly journals Comparative Chemical Characterisation of Soils at Cypripedium Calceolus Sites in Latvia

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Dace Kļaviņa ◽  
Anita Osvalde
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cypripedium Calceolus

Abstract The main aim of the study was to evaluate the soil chemical characteristics of Cypripedium calceolus sites in Latvia for understanding of the species ecology, and its conservation problems and possibilities. Soil for 27 C. calceolus sites in Latvia was analysed during 2007-2015. The concentration of plant available essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), soil pH, electrical conductivity and concentration of organic matter were determined. Nutrient concentration of C. calceolus leaf samples from six sites were determined. The results demonstrated high heterogeneity in soil chemical composition with high variation for Ca, Mg, and Mn. The results suggest some relationship between soil organic matter content and size of the orchid population. Soil pH and Ca concentration did not affect the size and vitality of C. calceolus populations in Latvia. There was no significant correlation between nutrient concentration in soil and C. calceolus leaves suggesting strong impact of other soil-related factors in determining the availability of nutrients. In general, the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in C. calceolus leaves were adequate or slightly decreased for successful orchid growth. The study showed deficiency of S, Cu, and B in the vast majority of leaf samples. C. calceolus sites in Latvia occur mainly on organic soils or mineral soils with high content of organic matter. There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.21) observed only between total number of ramets of C. calceolus in site and Ca concentration in the soil, suggesting that soil properties are not a main factor affecting species abundance in the site.

scholarly journals Influence of different stands of sal (Shorea robusta C. F. Gaertn.) forest of Bangladesh on soil health

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Bayeazid Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exchangeable K

The study was conducted in Dukhula sadar and Gasabari forest range under Madhupur Sal Forest of Bangladesh to determine the soil nutrient composition and isolation of fungi with varying stands. Three stands viz. pure sal, plantation and mixed were considered as treatment of the study. A quadrate sample plot of 10×10 m2 size was measured to collect soil samples for both chemical analysis and fungi isolation. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, total N, available P, exchangeable K, available S, fungal abundance and colony character (cm) were determined to achieve the objective of the study. The results revealed that soil pH and electrical conductivity were highest (6.61 and 21.10?S/cm) in mixed stand and lowest (6.38 and 10.75?S/cm) in pure stand. Organic matter content and total N were highest (2.24 and 0.145%) in plantation stand and lowest (1.65 and 0.112%) in mixed and pure stand, respectively. Available P, exchangeable K and available S were highest (3.65, 98.66 and 17.53ppm) in pure stand and lowest (1.97, 79.49 and 10.25ppm) in plantation stand. In addition, four fungal genera Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Pythium and Verticillium were identified in the study area soils. The highest fungal population (entire genus except Verticillium) (colony number/g soil) was found in mixed stand while it was found lowest in pure (Sclerotium ) and plantation stand (Rhizoctonia and Pythium ). There was no significant variation in colony diameter of the fungi among the treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that better soil health was maintained in natural forest rather than plantation forest.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 17-25, April 2015

scholarly journals Soil pH and Nutrient Characteristics of Newly-added Cultivated Land in Heyang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

In order to understand the soil pH and main nutrient characteristics of newly added cultivated land in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and 160 soil samples were collected in 2016, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Heyang County were studied The suitability distribution of the indicators, using stepwise regression and path analysis methods, analyzes the direct relationship between soil pH and soil nutrients, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the newly added cultivated land. The results showed that the soil pH in Heyang County varied from 8.42 to 9.67, the soil organic matter content varied from 3.46 to 17.93 g/kg, the soil total nitrogen content varied from 0.13 to 5.61 g/kg, and the soil available phosphorus changed The range is 1.73 ~ 63.06 mg/kg, and the soil available potassium range is 46.50 ~ 523.74. The newly added soil has a certain nutrient basis, but it should be further adjusted and improved during the cultivation process. The direct positive effect on soil pH value is mainly soil organic matter, and the direct negative effect is mainly soil available phosphorus. By adjusting the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the pH value of the soil can be effectively improved, so that the newly cultivated soil is suitable for the growth of local crops.

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