Effects of mycorrhizae and phosphorus on growth and nutrient uptake of millet, cowpea and sorghum on a West African soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BAGAYOKO ◽  
E. GEORGE ◽  
V. RÖMHELD ◽  
A. BUERKERT
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
West African ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Despite numerous reports on the positive effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) on plant growth in temperate soils, surprisingly little data exist on the importance of VAM for crop growth on acid sandy soils of West Africa. A pot experiment conducted with local genotypes of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with and without phosphorus (P) application in a sterilized sandy soil from a farmer's field in Niger showed large growth-enhancing effects of VAM. Phosphorus application led to 18- and 24-fold increases in pearl millet root and shoot dry matter independently of VAM, whereas the shoot and root dry matter of sorghum and cowpea depended largely on the interaction between P application and VAM. With P, VAM increased total uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn by 2·5- to 6-fold in sorghum and cowpea. On severely P deficient West African soils P application can lead to large increases in early root growth, a prerequisite for early mycorrhizal infection and a subsequent significant contribution of VAM to enhanced plant growth and nutrient uptake.

scholarly journals DRY MATTER DECOMPOSITION OF COVER CROPS IN A NO-TILLAGE COTTON SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO LUÍS DA SILVA FILHO ◽  
ANA LUÍZA DIAS COELHO BORIN ◽  
ALEXANDRE CUNHA DE BARCELLOS FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Linear Regression Models

ABSTRACT No-tillage cotton systems require soil coverage with cover crop residue for a longer time due to the late cycle of cotton. However, decomposition rates may vary between cover crops, and the adjustment of models to describe it is critical to no-tillage cotton management. Two non-linear regression models, exponential (EM) and Michaelis-Menten (MM), were adjusted to dry matter decomposition of cover crops in a cotton no-tillage system, in Brazil. Three field trials were performed in 2012 for the cover crops Urochloa ruziziensis (brachiaria), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), and Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Samples of cover crop were collected at 20, 50, 70, 110, 140, and 170 days after sowing upland cotton to measure dry matter decomposition. MM showed better adjustment than EM for all cover crops. The estimations of half-life parameters were different between the cover crops, suggesting that each cover crop has its own rate of decomposition. For pearl millet, brachiaria, and pigeon pea, the half-life estimation by exponential model was over the MM in 9, 12, and 12 days.

scholarly journals Seed Endophytic Bacteria of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Promote Seedling Development and Defend Against a Fungal Phytopathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Kumar ◽  
Anand Verma ◽  
Gaurav Pal ◽  
Anubha ◽  
James F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Pantoea Stewartii

Seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) are primary symbionts that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. The present study reports the isolation of seven culturable SEB including Kosakonia cowanii (KAS1), Bacillus subtilis (KAS2), Bacillus tequilensis (KAS3), Pantoea stewartii (KAS4), Paenibacillus dendritiformis (KAS5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KAS6), and Bacillus velezensis (KAS7) in pearl millet seeds. All the isolates were characterized for their plant growth promoting activities. Most of the SEB also inhibited the growth of tested fungal phytopathogens in dual plate culture. Removal of these SEB from seeds compromised the growth and development of seedlings, however, re-inoculation with the SEB (Kosakonia cowanii, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) restored the growth and development of seedlings significantly. Fluorescence microscopy showed inter and intracellular colonization of SEB in root parenchyma and root hair cells. Lipopeptides were extracted from all three Bacillus spp. which showed strong antifungal activity against tested fungal pathogens. Antifungal lipopeptide genes were also screened in Bacillus spp. After lipopeptide treatment, live-dead staining with fluorescence microscopy along with bright-field and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed structural deformation and cell death in Fusarium mycelia and spores. Furthermore, the development of pores in the membrane and leakages of protoplasmic substances from cells and ultimately death of hyphae and spores were also confirmed. In microcosm assays, treatment of seeds with Bacillus subtilis or application of its lipopeptide alone significantly protected seedlings from Fusarium sp. infection.

scholarly journals Agronomic traits, ensilability and nutritive value of five pearl millet cultivars grown in a Brazilian semi-arid region

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. DOS SANTOS ◽  
A. L. A. NEVES ◽  
L. G. R. PEREIRA ◽  
L. E. SOLLENBERGER ◽  
J. A. S. RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) could play an important role as a feed source for ruminants in arid and semi-arid zones of the world owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The current paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of five Brazilian pearl millet cultivars (IPA Bulk1BF, BRS 1501, CMS-03, CMS-01 and BN-2) in a typical Brazilian northeastern semi-arid climate. Forage was harvested at the dough stage of grain maturity (growth stage 86 according to the BBCH scale) and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês male lambs. The cultivars CMS-01, CMS-03 and BN-2 out-performed the others in terms of dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yield/ha. At DM partitioning among plant tissues, the cultivar IPA Bulk1BF had a greater DM associated with panicles and one of the greatest concentrations of organic matter, lactic acid and in vitro dry matter digestibility among the five cultivars. The cultivar BRS 1501 had greater butyric acid concentration as well as one of the highest pH values. Silage produced from BN-2 not only contained greater acetic acid concentration, but also showed one of the greatest total volatile fatty acid concentrations. There were no differences in feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and fibre fractions across all cultivars. Silage made from BN-2 resulted in greater urinary excretion of nitrogen than those produced from BRS 1501. Under the conditions of the present study, the results obtained for production of DM and digestible dry matter, and the ratio of plant fractions, indicates the possible use of these cultivars for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

scholarly journals Correlations of the feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing pearl millet silage with addition of urea

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues ◽  
Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Poliane Meire Dias de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Feeding Efficiency

The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations among the feeding behavior, intake, in vitro digestibility and production parameters of feedlot-finished lambs. Thirty-two male uncastrated mixed-breed lambs with an average initial live weight of 17.39 ± 2.16 kg were distributed into four treatments (diets) with eight replicates (animals) each, as a function of their weight, in a completely randomized block design. Diets were composed of pearl millet silage with addition of levels of urea (0, 2, 4, and 6%, DM basis), ground corn, soybean meal, and a mineral mixture. The experimental period was 62 days, consisting of 10 days of adaptation and 52 days of data collection. Positive correlations were observed (P < 0.05) for rumination time and feeding efficiency in dry matter with the intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). Negative correlations were detected (P < 0.05) between rumination efficiency in NDF and the intakes of DM, EE, NDF, OM, and NFC. Correlations were negative (P < 0.05) between the number of chews per cud and the digestibilities of DM, NDF, NFC, and TDN. The number of chews per day was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the digestibility of NDF and with TDN. Rumination time had a positive correlation (P < 0.05) with average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Feeding efficiency in DM was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with ADG and FE, whereas rumination efficiency in NDF was negatively correlated with ADG and positively with feed conversion. The increase in feeding efficiency for dry matter generated positive effects on nutrient intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency of the lambs fed diets containing pearl millet silage with addition of urea.

scholarly journals Effect of Mesorhizobium, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and phosphorus on plant biometery and growth indices of desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1422-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorawar Singh ◽  
Guriqbal Singh ◽  
Navneet Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 to study the effect of biofetilizer inoculation [control, Mesorhizobium only, Mesorhizobium + RB-1 (Pseudomonas argentinensis) and Mesorhizobium + RB-2 (Bacillus aryabhattai)] and four levels of phosphorus (0, 15, 20 and 25 kg P2O5 ha-1) on chickpea growth. RB-1 and RB-2 were the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Biofertilizers could play a crucial role in reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen for crop and/or by increasing the availability of phosphorus and phytohormones to the crop. The 16 treatment combinations were laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. In biofertilizer treatments, Mesorhizobium + RB-1 proved superior over control and sole inoculation of Mesorhizobium and at par with Mesorhizobium + RB-2 with respect to plant height (cm), number of branches (plant-1), shoot and root dry matter (kg ha-1) which were recorded at 30, 60 90, 120 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. Application of 25 kg P2O5 ha-1 gave the highest values of all the growth at-tributes viz. plant height (60 cm), number of primary (5.3) and secondary (27.2) branches per plant, shoot dry matter (4000 kg ha-1) and root dry matter (354 kg ha-1) which were significantly higher than that of 0 and 15 kg P2O5 ha-1 and at par with 20 kg P2O5 ha-1. Similar results were observed in case of crop growth rate (CGR) whereas relative growth rate (RGR) was not influenced significantly by various biofertilizer and phosphorus treatments. The dual inoc-ulation with PGPR strains along with phosphorus application have a supplementary effect on the growth of chickpea.

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