Computer experimentation in applied probability

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (A) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Marcel F. Neuts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Maximal Eigenvalue ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Random Elements ◽  
Positive Matrices ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Great Complexity

This is a discussion of the place of empirical methods in the study of probability models. It is argued that, for models of great complexity, careful experimentation may be a legitimate source of factual information on the behavior of such models. The need for rigorous standards of empirical methodology and of appropriate reporting is stressed. A simple, but interesting question on the distribution of the maximal eigenvalue of positive matrices with random elements is used as an example of an experimental study. In the course of the discussion of that example, several operational rules of sound computer experimentation are stated.

Computer experimentation in applied probability

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (A) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel F. Neuts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Maximal Eigenvalue ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Random Elements ◽  
Positive Matrices ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Great Complexity

This is a discussion of the place of empirical methods in the study of probability models. It is argued that, for models of great complexity, careful experimentation may be a legitimate source of factual information on the behavior of such models. The need for rigorous standards of empirical methodology and of appropriate reporting is stressed. A simple, but interesting question on the distribution of the maximal eigenvalue of positive matrices with random elements is used as an example of an experimental study. In the course of the discussion of that example, several operational rules of sound computer experimentation are stated.

Semi-Markov Replacement Chains

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis I. Gerontidis
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
New Process

We consider an absorbing semi-Markov chain for which each time absorption occurs there is a resetting of the chain according to some initial (replacement) distribution. The new process is a semi-Markov replacement chain and we study its properties in terms of those of the imbedded Markov replacement chain. A time-dependent version of the model is also defined and analysed asymptotically for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic. The results contribute to the control theory of semi-Markov chains and extend in a natural manner a wide variety of applied probability models. An application to the modelling of populations with semi-Markovian replacements is also presented.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques V. Experimental Study: Eliciting Factual Information

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cox ◽  
M. Rutter ◽  
D. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Factual Data

SummaryFour experimental interview styles, each recommended by experts in the field, were compared for their efficiency in eliciting factual information during the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic. If encouraged to talk freely, mothers tended to mention most (but not all) key issues without the need for standardized questioning on a pre-determined range of topics. However, systematic questioning was essential in order to obtain good quality factual data. Better data were obtained when interviewers were sensitive and alert to factual cues and chose their probes with care. Clinically significant factual information, idiosyncratic to the family and outside the range of standard enquiry was common, but was obtained satisfactorily with all four styles. No one style was generally preferred by informants. The advantages of systematic questioning for obtaining factual information were not associated with any disadvantages with respect to the eliciting of emotions and feelings.

scholarly journals Empirical methods of reducing the observations in geodetic networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Roman Kadaj
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Network Adjustment ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Numerical Errors ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Geometric Elements ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Methods Numerical

Abstract The paper presents empirical methodology of reducing various kinds of observations in geodetic network. A special case of reducing the observation concerns cartographic mapping. For numerical illustration and comparison of methods an application of the conformal Gauss-Krüger mapping was used. Empirical methods are an alternative to the classic differential and multi-stages methods. Numerical benefits concern in particular very long geodesics, created for example by GNSS vectors. In conventional methods the numerical errors of reduction values are significantly dependent on the length of the geodesic. The proposed empirical methods do not have this unfavorable characteristics. Reduction value is determined as a difference (or especially scaled difference) of the corresponding measures of geometric elements (distances, angles), wherein these measures are approximated independently in two spaces based on the known and corresponding approximate coordinates of the network points. Since in the iterative process of the network adjustment, coordinates of the points are systematically improved, approximated reductions also converge to certain optimal values.

Semi-Markov Replacement Chains

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 728-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis I. Gerontidis
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Applied Probability ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
New Process

We consider an absorbing semi-Markov chain for which each time absorption occurs there is a resetting of the chain according to some initial (replacement) distribution. The new process is a semi-Markov replacement chain and we study its properties in terms of those of the imbedded Markov replacement chain. A time-dependent version of the model is also defined and analysed asymptotically for two types of environmental behaviour, i.e. either convergent or cyclic. The results contribute to the control theory of semi-Markov chains and extend in a natural manner a wide variety of applied probability models. An application to the modelling of populations with semi-Markovian replacements is also presented.

scholarly journals Podstawowe założenia badań empirycznych w prawoznawstwie - próba konfrontacji

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Artur Kotowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Empirical Methodology

The paper is a critical analysis of fundamental assumptions for the empirical research methodology in the jurisprudence field. It is aimed to compare the profile of empirical methodology with jurisprudence-dominant analytic philosophy. This is archived through a) examining the basic profile of the positivist attitude of a researcher along with assumptions integrating empiricism, which derives from the positivist methodology, into different philosophies of the law which specifically appeal to the naturalism of the legal phenomenon; next b) detailing characteristic features of empirical methods which take jurisprudence specifics into account; and finally c) coming to a set of conclusions concerning the success of research conducted this way in the jurisprudence field.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques IV. Experimental Study: Four Contrasting Styles

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutter ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
S. Egert ◽  
D. Holbrook ◽  
B. Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryThe development and definition of four contrasting interview styles is described. The four styles were designed using different permutations of techniques which, on the basis of an earlier naturalistic study, appeared to be most effective in eliciting either factual information or feelings. A ‘sounding board’ style utilized a minimal activity approach; an ‘active psychotherapy’ style actively sought to explore feelings and to bring out emotional links and meanings; a ‘structured’ style adopted an active cross-questioning approach; and a ‘systematic exploratory’ style aimed to combine a high use of both fact-oriented and feeling-oriented techniques. Quantitative measures based on video-tape and audio-tape analysis showed that two experienced interviewers could be trained to adopt these four very different styles and yet remain feeling and appearing natural. An experimental design to compare the four styles is described.

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