The Dog-Eared Dictionary: Human-Animal Alliance in Chinese Civilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Huot
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Olfactory Ability ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Functional Versatility

What does the dog mean in Chinese culture? The answers can be found in China's first dictionary, theShuowen jiezi, written by Xu Shen in 121 CE. TheShuowenholds cynological knowledge well beyond the dog's olfactory ability, because it includes notes on vocalization discrimination, situational gait, and even behavioral and personality traits. The dog is also upheld as the representative of all nonhuman animals, undoubtedly because of its morphological and functional versatility but certainly also because it was the human's main interface and companion at the beginning of Chinese civilization. The Chinese graphs for the word “dog” embody both views: generically animalistic or eerily resembling human depictions. As a rift slowly took place in the partnership between humans and dogs when urbanization began, the graphs themselves were manipulated to clearly demarcate one from the other. Eventually dogs became discursive scapegoats. This paper traces the destiny of the dog in semantic and graphic terms.

Self-Narratives and Nonhuman Selves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Short Story ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Species Ecology

This chapter, like the other chapters in Part I of the book, uses the concept of “self-narrative” to explore a variety of texts featuring nonhuman animals and human-animal relationships. Self-narratives have been defined by social psychologists as the stories people tell in order to make sense of and justify their own actions—with this storytelling process at once reflecting and helping establish relational ties with others. Using two primary case studies—Lauren Groff’s 2011 short story “Above and Below” and Jesse Reklaw’s 2006 graphic memoir Thirteen Cats of My Childhood—chapter 1 explores how different storytelling media as well as different methods of narration bear on the project of using self-narratives to situate human selves within a larger, trans-species ecology of selves.

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

Metode Tafsir Muhammad Abduh dan Muhammad Rasyid Ridha dalam Tafsîr Al-Manâr

TAJDID ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tholabi Kharlie
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
Religious Counseling

Tafsîr al-Manar is one of the most popular exegesis of the Qur`anic studies. Al-Manar magazine, which contains this interpretation periodically, namely in the early 20th century, is widespread throughout the Islamic world and has an important role in enlightening thoughts and religious counseling. The influence of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, along with his student, Sayyid Muhammad Rasyîd Ridhâ, on the development of religious thought in the Islamic world, thus, cannot be underestimated.This article is a result of a previous study of the Qur’an exegesis method of the two prominent Muslim scholars, Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha. The study reveals two main conclusions, they are (1) personally both Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Ridha are independent who have extensive, well-known, and versatile insight and knowledge, have personality traits that are steady, honest, brave, passionate, intelligent, determined, and a number of other advantages, like other leading commentator (2) Al-manâr book, with its superiorities, is well recognized as a monumental work that broadly contributes to the development of Islamic thought, particularly in modern exegesis field. In regard to exegesis of Qur’anic legal verses, though it is not a special legal book, Al-manâr is able to explain deeply and comprehensively the Qur’anic legal verses just like the other legal exegesis works.

scholarly journals Human–Animal Relations in Business and Society: Advancing the Feminist Interpretation of Stakeholder Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Tallberg ◽  
José-Carlos García-Rosell ◽  
Minni Haanpää
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Feminist Interpretation ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Animal Care ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractStakeholder theory has largely been anthropocentric in its focus on human actors and interests, failing to recognise the impact of nonhumans in business and organisations. This leads to an incomplete understanding of organisational contexts that include key relationships with nonhuman animals. In addition, the limited scholarly attention paid to nonhumans as stakeholders has mostly been conceptual to date. Therefore, we develop a stakeholder theory with animals illustrated through two ethnographic case studies: an animal shelter and Nordic husky businesses. We focus our feminist reading of Driscoll and Starik’s (J Bus Ethics 49:55–73, 2004) stakeholder attributes for nonhumans and extend this to include affective salience built on embodied affectivity and knowledge, memories, action and care. Findings reveal that nonhuman animals are important actors in practice, affecting organisational operations through human–animal care relationships. In addition to confirming animals are stakeholders, we further contribute to stakeholder theory by offering ways to better listen to nontraditional actors.

Canine Rescue as a Social Movement: The Politics of Love

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 670-687
Author(s):  
Anna L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Advocacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Animal Bond ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Politics Of Love

Abstract Canine rescue is a growing movement that affects the lives of tens of thousands of nonhuman animals and people every year. Rescue is noteworthy not only for its numbers, but also because it challenges common understandings of animal advocacy. Popular accounts often portray work on behalf of animals as sentimental, individualistic, and apolitical. In fact, work on behalf of animals has always been political, in multiple ways. It is characterized both by internal political tensions, especially between animal rights and welfare positions, and by complex relations to the broader public sphere. I analyze canine rescue, with a focus on pit bull rescue, to show that an important segment of canine rescue movements adopts an explicitly political approach which blurs the divide between rights and welfare, addresses the social context of the human-animal bond, and links animal advocacy to social justice.

Evaluation of Personality Traits for a Successful Career of Engineers

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 1056-1060
Author(s):  
Armin Betz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Aptitude Testing ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
The One

Various research on aptitude testing has been accomplished yet [1,2,. Experiences from many years of HR consulting and knowledge of the industrys needs regarding to and lack of specific scientific research in aptitude testing for engineers emerged into research acivities in this field. The paper presents the data and main results of the field of aptitude testing for engineers. Its present situation as well as the reasons for that are considered and its necessity is shown. The gotten insights are presented: the existence of personality traits typical for engineers, the existence of key criteria and deduction of HR development measures necessary for a career. A newly developed personality test was applied to the occupational area of engineers. With more than 1400 tests conducted, many deductions were possible.Through the innovative approach of standard profiles of corresponding average groups rather than with demografic equivalent results could be derived. These are typical traits on the one side and development areas on the other.

Peirce’s legacy for contemporary consciousness studies, the emergence of consciousness from qualia, and its evanescence in habits

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Nöth
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Consciousness Studies ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

Abstract The paper argues that contemporary consciousness studies can profit from Charles S. Peirce’s philosophy of consciousness. It confronts mainstream tendencies in contemporary consciousness studies, including those which consider consciousness as an unsolvable mystery, with Peirce’s phenomenological approach to consciousness. Peirce’s answers to the following contemporary issues are presented: phenomenological consciousness and the qualia, consciousness as self-controlled agency of humans, self-control and self-reflection, consciousness and language, self-consciousness and introspection, consciousness and the other, consciousness of nonhuman animals, and the question of a quasi-consciousness of the physical universe. A detailed account of Peirce’s three modes of consciousness is presented: (1) primisense, qualisense or feeling-consciousness, (2) altersense (consciousness of the other), and (3) medisense, the consciousness of cognition, thought, and reasoning. In contrast to consciousness studies that establish a rather sharp dividing line between conscious and unconscious states of mind, Peirce adopts the principle of synechism, the theory of continuity. For him, consciousness is a matter of degree. An important difference between Peirce’s concept of qualia and current theories of qualia in human consciousness is discussed. The paper shows how consciousness, according to Peirce, emerges from unconscious qualia and vanishes into equally unconscious habits. It concludes with a study of the roles of qualia, habit, and self-control in Peirce’s theory of signs, in particular in qualisigns and symbols, and the question of signs as quasi-conscious agents in semiosis.

scholarly journals Investigating the Extent to Which Personality Traits and Demographics Affect Job Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranking Analysis

The primary concern of this paper is to investigatethe extent to which three variables (i.e. personality traits, demographic variables, and job satisfaction) are interrelated with each other and what effect they have on each other in relation to the UK retail sector. The four different types of retail stores i.e. Tesco, Primark, Ikea and WH Smith were selected for survey purpose to minimise the class biasness.Total 300 close-ended questionnaires were distributed and 220 responses were obtained.The findings reveal that ‘Neuroticism’ is negatively associated with job satisfaction as well as with ‘Extraversion’. However, it is positively correlated with other three personality groups including ‘Agreeableness’, ‘Conscientious’, and ‘Openness’. On the other hand, ‘Openness to experience’ has a negative relationship with ‘Agreeableness’.It is also found from the ranking analysis that employees with ‘Agreeableness’ and ‘Conscientiousness’ personalities are more successful in their career and consequently they are more satisfied with their jobs.

scholarly journals Development and Approbation of Methods for Diagnostics of Predisposition to Monosemantic or Polysemantic Context Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
N.A. Khokhlov ◽  
G.D. Laskov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Common ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This article focuses on the development of methods to measure personality and cognitive predisposition to monosemantic or polysemantic context generation (PCG).In accordance with the concept of V.S. Rotenberg, we assumed that PCG was connected with manual functional asymmetry. We developed four tests: one was designed to measure personality PCG, the other three measure cognitive PCG. Approbation samples consisted of 160—736 participants. Cronbach's alpha (0.67—0.93) and split-half coefficient (0.72—0.93) were calculated for all tests, for two of them test-retest reliability (0.47—0.91) was measured. Variance of personal PCG on 21.7% is explained by the variance of personality traits “reticence-sociability” and “concreteness-abstractness”. Personality and cognitive PCG are interconnected, but they have a fair amount of specificity. Manual functional asymmetry is weakly connected with personal PCG (not more than 1.5% of the common variance) and is not connected with cognitive PCG

scholarly journals NATURE CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE POETRY OF SUMITRANANDANPANT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Manju Rani
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Natural Equilibrium ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Ancient Civilizations

The environment is the basis of life on our earth, which is the basis for the emergence, development and survival of not only human but also different kinds of fauna and flora. The environment has an important role in the progress that human has made from the development of civilization to the present age, and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the development of human civilization and culture is the result of similar and harmony of human environment, that is why many ancient civilizations have adverse environment Due to the collapse of the era, many species and species of plants have become extinct and this crisis is increasing in many.In fact, the environment is not a single element but a group of many elements and all these elements or components, in a state of natural equilibrium, create an environment in which the development of human, animal, flora, etc., continues uninterrupted. But if any one of these elements is deficient or its natural activity is obstructed, then it also has a bad effect on the other elements, due to which a new odd situation is born. This asymmetry adversely affects climate, flora, fauna and humans. Which becomes the cause of crisis for the existence of world. पर्यावरण हमारी पृथ्वी पर जीवन का आधार है, जो न केवल मानव अपितु विभिन्न प्रकार के जीव जन्तुओं एवं वनस्पति के उद्भव, विकास एवं अस्तित्व का आधार है। सभ्यता के विकास से वर्तमान युग तक मानव ने जो प्रगति की है उसमें पर्यावरण की महती भूमिका है और यह कहना अतिश्योक्ति न होगी कि मानव सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति का विकास मानव पर्यावरण के समानुकूल एवं सामन्जस्य का परिणाम हैं यही कारण है कि अनेक प्राचीन सभ्यतायंे प्रतिकूल पर्यावरण के कारण काल के गर्त में समा गई तथा अनेक जीवों एवं पादप समूहों की प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त हो गयी और अनेक पर यह संकट गहराता जा रहा है।वास्तव में पर्यावरण कोई एक तत्व नहीं है अपितु अनेक तत्वों का समूह है और ये सभी तत्व अथवा घटक एक प्राकृतिक सन्तुलन की स्थिति में रहते हुए एक ऐसे वातावरण का निर्माण करते है जिसमें मानव, जीव-जन्तु, वनस्पति आदि का विकास अनवरत चलता रहे। किन्तु यदि इनमें से किसी एक भी तत्व में कमी आ जाती है अथवा उसकी प्राकृतिक क्रिया में अवरोध आ जाता है तो उसका बुरा प्रभाव दूसरे तत्वों पर भी पड़ता है, जिससे एक नई विषम परिस्थिति का जन्म होता है। इस विषमता से जलवायु, वनस्पति, जीव जन्तु एवं मानव पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ता है। जो जीव जगत के अस्तित्व के लिये संकट का कारण बन जाता है।

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