Lactation and birth spacing in highland New Guinea

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wood ◽  
Daina Lai ◽  
Patricia L. Johnson ◽  
Kenneth L. Campbell ◽  
Ila A. Maslar
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Contraceptive Effect ◽  
Slow Decline ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe effects of infant suckling patterns on the post-partum resumption of ovulation and on birth-spacing are investigated among the Gainj of highland New Guinea. Based on hormonal evidence, the median duration of lactational anovulation is 20·4 months, accounting for about 75% of the median interval between live birth and next successful conception (i.e. resulting in live birth). Throughout lactation, suckling episodes are short and frequent, the interval changing slowly over time, from 24 minutes in newborns to 80 minutes in 3-year olds. Maternal serum prolactin concentrations decline in parallel with the changes in suckling patterns, approaching the level observed in non-nursing women by about 24 months post-partum. A path analysis indicates that the interval between suckling episodes is the principal determinant of maternal prolactin concentration, with time since parturition affecting prolactin secretion only in so far as it affects suckling frequency. The extremely prolonged contraceptive effect of breast-feeding in this population thus appears to be due to (i) a slow decline in suckling frequency with time since parturition and (ii) absence of a decline over time in hypothalamic–pituitary responsiveness to the suckling stimulus.

Effect of short-term bromocriptine treatment on amniotic fluid prolactin concentration in the first half of pregnancy

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lehtovirta ◽  
T. Ranta
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Serum Prolactin Level ◽  
Short Term

Abstract. The effect of short-term bromocriptine treatment on amniotic fluid and maternal prolactin concentrations was studied in 9 pregnant women in the first half of pregnancy. Bromocriptine suppressed the maternal serum prolactin level, but had no effect on the amniotic fluid level. Since both foetal and maternal prolactin secretion are suppressed by bromocriptine our results suggest that amniotic fluid prolactin is produced by extrapituitary tissues, which do not contain dopamine receptors.

EFFECT OF METHYLERGOBASINE MALEATE ON SERUM GONADOTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN IN HUMANS

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Perez-Lopez ◽  
P. Delvoye ◽  
P. Denayer ◽  
M. L'Hermite ◽  
M. C. Roncero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT Intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg methylergobasine maleate3) (Methergin®, Sandoz) in women on day 3 post-partum, in regularly menstruating women and in adult men, is followed within 30 to 75 min by a 50 % decrease in serum prolactin concentration: the levels remain low until 180 min and increase between 180 and 240 min. The amplitude of the decrease is the same when prolactin is measured in terms of the same serum prolactin standard by a homologous ovine assay and by a homologous human assay. However, in the case of regularly menstruating women and of men serum prolactin concentration is some three times higher when estimated by the ovine assay than when estimated by the human assay. This difference between assay results obtained by the two radioimmunoassay methods could be due to heterogeneity of serum prolactin. However, non-specific effects of serum are not excluded. In regularly menstruating women and in men, intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg methylergobasine maleate is followed within 45 to 75 min by a 50% decrease in immunoreactive serum LH concentration without concomtant change in immunoreactive FSH. The depression of LH secretion lasts for 1 to 2 h. The circulating levels of HCG in post-partum women are not modified after intramuscular injection of Methergin. In humans as in animals and in in vitro studies, inhibition of prolactin and LH release induced by ergot drugs are likely due to both an indirect effect via the hypothalamus and to a direct effect on the pituitary cells. Finally, these data suggest that, because of its interference with prolactin secretion, intensive treatment with ergot drugs during the post-partum period may impair lactation.

scholarly journals Circulating endothelin-3 and prolactin concentrations in healthy lactating women during the early puerperium

1998 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Malamitsi-Puchner ◽  
IE Messinis ◽  
V Sakellariou ◽  
E Economou ◽  
S Michalas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Endothelin 3

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the circulating concentrations of endothelin-3 and prolactin in the early puerperium. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study, including twenty-five healthy puerperal women breast-feeding their healthy full-term infants. METHODS: Venous blood was drawn on day 1 and 4 post partum, and plasma endothelin-3 and serum prolactin were determined. RESULTS: Circulating endothelin-3 and prolactin levels on day 4 did not differ significantly from the corresponding levels on day 1. However, a significant negative correlation was found on day 4 between endothelin-3 and prolactin values (r = -0.688, P < 0.001) and an even stronger negative association existed between the net change in endothelin-3 from days 1 to 4 and the corresponding change in prolactin values (r = -0.732, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: On the fourth day post partum, lactating healthy women show negative correlation between circulating endothelin-3 and prolactin levels. Whether this indicates a role for endothelin-3 in the control of prolactin secretion in the post partum period remains to be clarified.

The influence of the frequency of nursing and of previous lactation experience on serum prolactin in lactating mothers

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Delvoye ◽  
M. Demaegd ◽  
J. Delogne-Desnoeck ◽  
C. Robyn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Nursing Mothers

SummarySerum prolactin has been measured in single blood samples collected within the first 22 post-partum months from 97 nursing mothers from an urban area (Bukavu) of Zaïre. Nursing mothers are hyperprolactinemic, higher serum prolactin levels being associated with more frequent suckling episodes per day. Furthermore, serum prolactin declines rapidly in mothers who are giving the breast less than four times per day: the levels are within the normal range found in non-lactating women after the 6th post-partum month. Among mothers giving the breast more than six times per day, serum prolactin does not decline significantly during the 1st post-partum year.Previous lactation experiences do not facilitate the effect of nursing on prolactin secretion during subsequent lactations.

EFFECTS OF INHIBITING PROLACTIN SECRETION ON THE MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYONIC DIAPAUSE IN THE SUCKLING RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. GOSDEN ◽  
J. A. RUSSELL ◽  
J. CLARKE ◽  
I. PIPER ◽  
A. S. McNEILLY
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Embryonic Resorption

Treatment of rats with bromocriptine between days 5 and 8 after the post-partum mating resulted in suppression of serum prolactin levels and caused luteal regression. Although this treatment led to embryonic resorption when suckling was prevented by removing litters soon after birth, the diapausing embryos of animals nursing a litter of eight pups were unaffected by the treatment. These results suggest that the high levels of prolactin and progesterone in the circulation during lactation are not responsible for maintenance of the diapausing state.

scholarly journals Prolactin Level and Breastmilk Production among Mothers of Low-Birth-Weight Infants Admitted to Level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Anne A. Dumalag ◽  
Maria Esterlita T. Villanueva-Uy ◽  
Peter Francis Raguindin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
T Test ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Milk Volume

Background. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been proven by several studies to promote breastfeeding, but many of the studies focus on the success of exclusive breastfeeding, and less on its galactogenic effects. Objective. We aim to determine the maternal serum prolactin levels and breastmilk volume of mothers who rendered KMC to their infants. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized controlled, open-labeled, interventional study in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary government hospital. Infants weighing < 2000 grams admitted in NICU Level II, together with medically stable mothers and no contraindication for breastfeeding were simultaneously enrolled. Primary outcome measures were maternal serum prolactin levels and expressed milk volume on day 3 and day 7 postpartum. Two-sample t-test was used to compare groups, and paired t-test to compare within groups. Tests were two-tailed, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Trial Registration. Australia-New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ID ACTRN12614000218695 Results. Fifty mother-infant dyads were equally allocated into KMC and control groups (p < 0.001). There was significantly larger milk volume on the third day (29.6 ± 27.8 mL vs 16.3 ± 26.1 mL; p < 0.001) and seventh post-partum day (72.4 ± 62.3 mL vs 47.3 ± 43.8 mL; p < 0.000). There were increased serum prolactin levels compatible with post-partum state. The increase was more evident in the KMC (5244 ± 2702 mIU/L, on the 3rd postpartum day versus 4969 ± 2426 mIU/L, on the 7th postpartum day, p = 0.996) compared to control group (4129 ± 2485 mIU/L on the 3rd postpartum day versus 3705 ± 2731 mIU/L on the 7th postpartum day, p = 0.301). Conclusion. We noted a significantly larger milk volume in the KMC group. There was also a greater increase in the prolactin levels in the KMC group, but this did not reach statistical significance. Further studies should be done to determine mechanism of galactogenesis through KMC.

scholarly journals Immediate postnatal care following childbirth in Ugandan health facilities: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys between 2001 and 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e004230
Author(s):  
Teesta Dey ◽  
Sam Ononge ◽  
Andrew Weeks ◽  
Lenka Benova
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionProgress in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is insufficient to achieve the Sustainable Developmental Goals by 2030. The first 24 hours following childbirth (immediate postnatal period), where the majority of morbidity and mortality occurs, is critical for mothers and babies. In Uganda,<50% of women reported receiving such care. This paper describes the coverage, changes over time and determinants of immediate postnatal care in Uganda after facility births between 2001 and 2016.MethodsWe analysed the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Ugandan Demographic and Health Surveys, including women 15–49 years with most recent live birth in a healthcare facility during the survey 5-year recall period. Immediate postnatal care coverage and changes over time were presented descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine determinants of immediate postnatal care.ResultsData from 12 872 mothers were analysed. Between 2006 and 2016, births in healthcare facilities increased from 44.6% (95% CI: 41.9% to 47.3%) to 75.2% (95% CI: 73.4% to 77.0%) and coverage of immediate maternal postnatal care from 35.7% (95% CI 33.4% to 38.1%) to 65.0% (95% CI: 63.2% to 66.7%). The majority of first checks occurred between 1 and 4 hours post partum; the median time reduced from 4 hours to 1 hour. The most important factor associated with receipt of immediate postnatal care was women having a caesarean section birth adjusted OR (aOR) 2.93 (95% CI: 2.28 to 3.75). Other significant factors included exposure to mass media aOR 1.38 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65), baby being weighed at birth aOR 1.84 (95% CI: 1.58 to 2.14) and receipt of antenatal care with 4+Antenatal visits aOR 2.34 (95% CI: 1.50 to 3.64).ConclusionIn Uganda, a large gap in coverage remains and universal immediate postnatal care has not materialised through increasing facility-based births or longer length of stay. To ensure universal coverage of high-quality care during this critical time, we recommend that maternal and newborn services should be integrated and actively involve mothers and their partners.

Indomethacin treatment prevents prolactin-induced luteolysis in the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Sánchez-Criado ◽  
K. Ochiai ◽  
I. Rothchild
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Silicone Elastomer ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indomethacin Treatment

ABSTRACT Adult female rats were hypophysectomized and their pituitary glands autotransplanted beneath the left kidney capsule on day 2 (day 1 was the day of ovulation). In such rats the pituitary secretes prolactin fairly constantly and the corpora lutea secrete progesterone for several months. To induce the luteolytic effect of prolactin the rats were first injected s.c. with 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB-154) on cycle days 12, 13 and 14 (i.e. 10, 11 and 12 days after operation) to depress prolactin secretion, and then with CB-154 vehicle (70% ethanol) daily until cycle day 21, to allow prolactin secretion to resume. One ovary was removed from each rat on day 15 and the remaining one on day 22. The mean (± s.e.m.) weight of the corpora lutea on day 15 was 1·46±0·06 mg and 0·98±0·07 mg on day 22 (n = 17). In contrast, rats in which the CB-154 treatment was maintained to day 21 had corpora lutea which weighed 1·31 ±0·09 on day 15 and 1·47 ±0·08 mg on day 22 (n = 15). To investigate whether indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, affected the luteolytic action of prolactin, the experiment was repeated, but on day 15 (after the removal of one ovary) the groups in which CB-154 treatment was stopped, as well as the group in which CB-154 treatment was maintained, were each divided into two groups. In one, indomethacin-containing silicone elastomer wafers and, in the other, blank silicone elastomer wafers, were placed within the bursa of the remaining ovary. There were no differences in corpus luteum weight on day 15 among any of these groups and the two groups of the first experiment. There was no significant difference in corpus luteum weight between day 15 and day 22 in any of the six groups except for the two groups treated with the CB-154 vehicle and not with indomethacin. Thus, treatment with indomethacin prevented the fall in corpus luteum weight associated with the discontinuation of CB-154 treatment. Serum prolactin levels fell until day 15 in all rats and remained low in those in which the CB-154 treatment was maintained to day 21, but returned to control values in those treated with vehicle after day 14. Serum progesterone levels fell and remained low in all groups. Indomethacin treatment had no effect on the levels of either serum prolactin or progesterone. We conclude that some of the pharmacological effects of indomethacin are to prevent prolactin-induced luteolysis, and we suggest that prolactin induces rapid regression of the corpus luteum by stimulating intraluteal prostaglandin production or by being necessary for the effect of luteolytic prostaglandins. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 317–322

Influence of maternal excess weight before pregnancy on breastfeeding and weaning: pooled analyses of four population-based cohorts born between 1982-2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Thaynã Ramos Flores ◽  
Gregore I Mielke ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Iná S Santos ◽  
Mariângela Freitas da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Recent Cohort ◽  
Weight Excess ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the associations of maternal excess weight before pregnancy with (1) weaning at age 3mo, (2) duration of exclusive breastfeeding at age 6mo, (3) duration of any breastfeeding at age 12mo; and (4) to compare the magnitude of these associations over four decades. Methods: Data were from participants in the Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts born in 1982 (N=5,334), 1993 (N=1,442), 2004 (N=4,092) and 2015 (N=4,102). Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected after the delivery and breastfeeding status was assessed when children were three and 12 months old. Results: Only in the most recent cohort (2015), women with excess weight [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) before pregnancy had higher risk of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding within the first six months post-partum than women with normal weight [HR= 1.22 (95%CI 1.15; 1.30)]. Duration of any type of breastfeeding until 12 months of age was not affected by pre-pregnancy weight. Conclusion: Excess weight before pregnancy is associated with exclusive breastfeeding only in the most recent birth cohort coinciding with increases in weight excess and breastfeeding over time.

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