VARIATIONS IN UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION IN ZAMBIA: DOES ETHNICITY PLAY A ROLE?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUNICE N. S. IMASIKU ◽  
CLIFFORD O. ODIMEGWU ◽  
SUNDAY A. ADEDINI ◽  
DOROTHY N. ONONOKPONO
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryEthnicity has been found to be a significant indicator of social position, and many studies have also established that ethnicity is a significant determinant of contraceptive use. This study aims to examine whether ethnicity is an important predictor of unmet need for contraception. Analysis was based on data for 4343 ever-married women drawn from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive analysis indicates that in all ethnic groups except the Barotse and Tonga, women aged 15–49 years were married at an average age below 18. The highest mean number of children among the ethnic groups was 6.7, among the Bemba; the lowest was 5.9, among the Barotse. The highest proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception resided in the Eastern region. Multivariate logistic analyses reveal that children ever-born and region of residence were the most important predictors of unmet need for spacing, whereas for unmet need for limiting predictors were age at first marriage and partner's desire for children. Moreover, unmet need for spacing and limiting among women with secondary or higher education was significantly lower (47% and 50%, respectively) compared with those with no education. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of unmet need for contraception. The findings stress the need for programmes aimed at enhancing the socioeconomic status of women.

WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT, HOUSEHOLD STATUS AND CONTRACEPTION USE IN GHANA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Blackstone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryGender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving women’s sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including contraceptive use, in low- and middle-income countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. To date there is limited, recent, evidence available regarding women’s empowerment, household status and contraceptive use in Ghana. The objective of this study was to investigate whether women’s empowerment and status in the household were associated with contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample consisted of 1828 women aged 15–49. Women’s empowerment was measured based on two composite indexes created by the DHS: attitudes towards intimate partner violence and decision-making. Women’s status in the home was measured using indicators of work status, relationship to household head, control over monetary earnings and land ownership. Decision-making was found to be positively associated with contraceptive use and not having unmet need for contraception. Women who justified wife beating in one or more instances were less likely to use contraception, and more likely to have unmet need for contraception. Current or past employment and higher levels of male partner education were associated with contraceptive use. This study indicates that women’s empowerment and household status are influential for contraceptive indicators. Future interventions aimed at improving contraceptive uptake and use should promote women’s empowerment, i.e. decision-making, self-worth and education.

TRACKING CHANGES IN STATES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE OVER TIME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA THROUGH COHORT AND PERIOD ANALYSES

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH LEAHY MADSEN ◽  
BERNICE KUANG ◽  
JOHN ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryIt is difficult to gauge the success of programmatic efforts to reduce unmet need for contraception without knowing whether individual women have had their need met and adopted contraception. However, the number of true longitudinal datasets tracking the transition of panels of individual women in and out of states of contraceptive use is limited. This study analyses changes in contraceptive use states using Demographic and Health Survey data for 22 sub-Saharan African countries. A cohort approach, tracking representative samples of five-year age groups longitudinally across surveys, as well as period-based techniques, are applied to indicate whether new users of contraception have been drawn from women who previously had no need and/or those who had unmet need for family planning. The results suggest that a greater proportion of increases in contraceptive use in recent years can be attributed to decreases in the percentage of women with no need, especially among younger women, than to decreases in the proportion with unmet need.

scholarly journals Access to contraceptives for adolescents in northern Nigeria – a cross-sectional study from three secondary health facilities in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Audu Alayande ◽  
Bahijjatu Bello-Garko ◽  
Gregory Umeh ◽  
Islamiyat Nuhu
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives ◽  
Provider Bias ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

Background: In 2015, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) noted that countries will need to meet the increasing demand for contraceptives by the over 600 million 15- to 19-year-olds around the world. Although the unmet need for contraception for Women of Child Bearing Age (WCBA) in Nigeria is 12.7%, the value is higher (35.3%) among adolescents aged 15 – 19 years. Additionally, the unmet need for family planning (FP) among WCBA in Kaduna state is 5.8%, with 33.3% of women aged 20-24 years in Kaduna reported to have had a live birth before the age of 18 years. This study sought to evaluate adolescent contraceptive use in three referral health facilities of Kaduna metropolis. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional desk review of 5543 FP clients that attended three referral centers between 2014 and 2016. Data on their age, parity and the use of contraceptives were collected from the clinic registers and analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The FP client age ranged from 12 to 57 years, of which only 3.6% were adolescent. The annual proportion of adolescent contraceptive users ranged from 3.1 – 4.1%. More than 96% of the adolescents had given birth to at least one child. Around 62% of the adolescents used injectable contraceptives but there was no IUD use reported by any adolescent. Conclusions: The low proportion of adolescent contraceptive users and their limited choice of contraceptive methods, emanating from multiplicity of client and provider bias, calls for innovative interventions to meet the contraceptive needs of adolescents.

scholarly journals Correlates of Fertility in a Low Contraception Setting: A Study of Ogu of South-Western Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onipede Wusu
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Spousal Communication ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Children Ever Born

Total fertility rate in Nigeria is 5.7 compared with over 8 in the past. Modern contraceptive use within marriage is very low and socio-economic development is still crawling. What factors account for this fragile transition? This question is the focus of this study. The study examines the socioeconomic and cultural factors that account for fertility transition in the country. Data were gathered through a survey conducted among the Ogu of south-western Nigeria. Analysis employed descriptive statistical tools and Ordinary Least Square model. Analysis reveals that post primary education (especially among women), spousal discussion about family size, monogamous marriage and age at first marriage were inversely related to children ever born (CEB) among men and female respondents. The result suggests that moderate improvement in these factors are likely responsible for the fragile transition. Therefore, policies to raise literacy level especially among women, increase age at first marriage, promote monogamous marriage and spousal communication may accelerate the fragile transition in the country.

scholarly journals Persisting Regional Disparities in Modern Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need for Contraception among Nigerian Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Huimin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

Background. Evidence suggests that equitable provision of contraceptive services can help women achieve their reproductive goals and has significant impact on reducing the rates abortion and unintended pregnancy at large. However, regional disparities continue to persist on top of low family planning prevalence which is a critical public health challenge for fast growing populations like Nigeria. Objectives. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of (1) nonuse of modern contraceptives, (2) unmet need for contraception, and (3) regional disparities in these two. Methods. The present study used cross-sectional data obtained from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008, and 2013. Participants were women of reproductive of age (15-49 years) regardless of marital status. Regional disparities of nonuse of modern contraceptives and unmet need were analysed by descriptive and multivariate regression methods. Results. In the pooled sample of 79,656 participants during 2003, 2008, and 2013, 88.6% reported not using any modern methods, and 13.5% reported having unmet need for contraception. The prevalence rates of nonuse were, respectively, 91.8%, 90.6%, and 88.6% and those of unmet need were 14.2%, 16.6%, and 13.5% in the years 2003, 2008, and 2013. Significant differences were observed in the odds of reporting nonuse and unmet need for contraception across the geopolitical zones. Conclusions. The rates of nonuse of contraception are remarkably high among women in Nigeria with significant disparities across the six geopolitical zones. Efforts should be made to address the regional disparities in order to achieve the goals of universal coverage of family planning services in the country.

scholarly journals Currently married women with an unmet need for contraception in Eritrea: Profile and determinants

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremariam Woldemicael ◽  
Roderic Beaujot
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

Eritrea’s contraceptive prevalence rate is one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa and its fertility has only started to decline. Using data from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), this study examines the determinants of unmet need for family planning that is the discrepancy between fertility goals and actual contraceptive use. More than one-quarter of currently married women are estimated to have an unmet need, and this has remained unchanged since 1995. The most important reason for unmet need is lack of knowledge of methods or of a source of supply. Currently married women with higher parity, and low autonomy, low or medium household economic status, and who know no method of contraception or source of supply are identified as the most likely to have an unmet need. Addressing the unmet need for family planning entails not merely greater knowledge of or access to contraceptive services, but also the enhancement of the status of women.

scholarly journals Improving Utilisation and awareness of Family Planning services in Adults of Reproductive age through Community Sensitization in Police Wing Village, Jinja District.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rodgers Isiko
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Family Planning Methods

Background Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to space the number of children they have through the use of contraceptive methods. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women in developing countries, 24.2% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for contraception. However, contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa is low at only 21%. The total fertility rate remains high for many countries in the region (4.6 in Kenya and Rwanda, 5.4 in Tanzania, 6.2 in Uganda, and 6.4 for Burundi). Methodology This was a community-based project implementation on increasing awareness and utilization of family planning methods in Police Wing village, Jinja district. Consent was gotten from the VHT, LC1, and DHO before mobilizing people to gather at the VHT’s home and her neighbour’s compound where we carried out the different educational sessions. Different team members got different roles to play as regards the health education session. One week later, we evaluated the progress of our project implementation through the administration of questionnaires to the same people we health educated. The questionnaire assessed the level of utilization, awareness, myths, misconception, and demography of the participants. Results 28% had heard about at least three family planning methods and 24.1% had at one time used family planning while 75.9% of the participants admitted not to have used it. The post-session assessment showed an increase from 28% to 93% in knowledge regarding the available methods of FP and an increase in the utilization of FP from 28% to 42%.   Conclusion and recommendations Addressing the myths and misconceptions about FP by exposing them as a fallacy would help increase the uptake as evidenced by the will of the community to take up the different methods. Organize frequent health talks about FP in the community.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubee Dev ◽  
Pamela Kohler ◽  
Molly Feder ◽  
Jennifer A. Unger ◽  
Nancy F. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Short birth intervals increase risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and infant mortality. Although postpartum family planning (PPFP) is an increasingly high priority for many countries, uptake and need for PPFP varies in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize postpartum contraceptive use, and predictors and barriers to use, among postpartum women in LMIC. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Health databases were searched for articles and abstracts published between January 1997 and May 2018. Studies with data on contraceptive uptake through 12 months postpartum in low- and middle-income countries were included. We used random-effects models to compute pooled estimates and confidence intervals of modern contraceptive prevalence rates (mCPR), fertility intentions (birth spacing and birth limiting), and unmet need for contraception in the postpartum period. Results Among 669 studies identified, 90 were selected for full-text review, and 35 met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were from East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia/South East Asia. The overall pooled mCPR during the postpartum period across all regions was 41.2% (95% CI: 15.7–69.1%), with lower pooled mCPR in West Africa (36.3%; 95% CI: 27.0–45.5%). The pooled prevalence of unmet need was 48.5% (95% CI: 19.1–78.0%) across all regions, and highest in South Asia/South East Asia (59.4, 95% CI: 53.4–65.4%). Perceptions of low pregnancy risk due to breastfeeding and postpartum amenorrhea were commonly associated with lack of contraceptive use and use of male condoms, withdrawal, and abstinence. Women who were not using contraception were also less likely to utilize maternal and child health (MCH) services and reside in urban settings, and be more likely to have a fear of method side effects and receive inadequate FP counseling. In contrast, women who received FP counseling in antenatal and/or postnatal care were more likely to use PPFP. Conclusions PPFP use is low and unmet need for contraception following pregnancy in LMIC is high. Tailored counseling approaches may help overcome misconceptions and meet heterogeneous needs for PPFP.

An analysis of reproductive motivation in Shiraz, Iran

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Tolnay ◽  
A. H. Mehryar ◽  
S. Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Value Of Children ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryIn a sample of 260 married men in Shiraz, the relationship is studied of fertility to demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial variables, the last measuring the perceived economic value of children. The number of children ever born is closely associated with duration of marriage, but socioeconomic variables also exert a significant influence, especially the wife's educational level. Recent fertility is more closely associated with age of wife, but also with ownership of modern goods which is also the major factor in current contraceptive use. The perceived value of children appears unimportant, negligible in recent fertility and contraceptive use, and only showing a slight positive relationship between expected reliance on children for support in old age and the number of children ever born.

scholarly journals WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND FAMILY PLANNING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndola Prata ◽  
Ashley Fraser ◽  
Megan J. Huchko ◽  
Jessica D. Gipson ◽  
Mellissa Withers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Related Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryThis paper reviews the literature examining the relationship between women’s empowerment and contraceptive use, unmet need for contraception and related family planning topics in developing countries. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Popline and Web of Science search engines in May 2013 to examine literature published between January 1990 and December 2012. Among the 46 articles included in the review, the majority were conducted in South Asia (n=24). Household decision-making (n=21) and mobility (n=17) were the most commonly examined domains of women’s empowerment. Findings show that the relationship between empowerment and family planning is complex, with mixed positive and null associations. Consistently positive associations between empowerment and family planning outcomes were found for most family planning outcomes but those investigations represented fewer than two-fifths of the analyses. Current use of contraception was the most commonly studied family planning outcome, examined in more than half the analyses, but reviewed articles showed inconsistent findings. This review provides the first critical synthesis of the literature and assesses existing evidence between women’s empowerment and family planning use.

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