Currently married women with an unmet need for contraception in Eritrea: Profile and determinants

Eritrea’s contraceptive prevalence rate is one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa and its fertility has only started to decline. Using data from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), this study examines the determinants of unmet need for family planning that is the discrepancy between fertility goals and actual contraceptive use. More than one-quarter of currently married women are estimated to have an unmet need, and this has remained unchanged since 1995. The most important reason for unmet need is lack of knowledge of methods or of a source of supply. Currently married women with higher parity, and low autonomy, low or medium household economic status, and who know no method of contraception or source of supply are identified as the most likely to have an unmet need. Addressing the unmet need for family planning entails not merely greater knowledge of or access to contraceptive services, but also the enhancement of the status of women.

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EFFECTS OF COUPLES' CHARACTERISTICS ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE GHANAIAN EXAMPLE

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932097000333 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 33-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

YAW OHENEBA-SAKYI ◽

BAFFOUR K. TAKYI

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Health Survey ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Men And Women ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Using data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines couples' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in the context of their attitudes towards family planning, and the impact of these factors on the use of contraceptives. The characteristics of the husbands and their influence on wives' behaviour illustrate the role of intra-household relations between men and women and their effect on fertility-related behaviour in patriarchal African societies.

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TRACKING CHANGES IN STATES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE OVER TIME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA THROUGH COHORT AND PERIOD ANALYSES

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932014000108 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 329-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ELIZABETH LEAHY MADSEN ◽

BERNICE KUANG ◽

JOHN ROSS

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Age Groups ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Younger Women ◽

Health Survey Data ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Representative Samples ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryIt is difficult to gauge the success of programmatic efforts to reduce unmet need for contraception without knowing whether individual women have had their need met and adopted contraception. However, the number of true longitudinal datasets tracking the transition of panels of individual women in and out of states of contraceptive use is limited. This study analyses changes in contraceptive use states using Demographic and Health Survey data for 22 sub-Saharan African countries. A cohort approach, tracking representative samples of five-year age groups longitudinally across surveys, as well as period-based techniques, are applied to indicate whether new users of contraception have been drawn from women who previously had no need and/or those who had unmet need for family planning. The results suggest that a greater proportion of increases in contraceptive use in recent years can be attributed to decreases in the percentage of women with no need, especially among younger women, than to decreases in the proportion with unmet need.

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Socio-economic and demographic predictors of unmet need for contraception among young women in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from cross-sectional surveys

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-020-01018-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Formal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Abstract Introduction Globally, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears the highest proportion of women with unmet need for contraception as nearly 25% of women of reproductive age in the sub-region have unmet need for contraception. Unmet need for contraception is predominant among young women. We examined the association between socio-economic and demographic factors and unmet need for contraception among young women in SSA. Methods Data for this study obtained from current Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018 in 30 sub-Saharan African countries. The sample size consisted of young women (aged 15–24), who were either married or cohabiting and had complete cases on all the variables of interest (N = 59,864). Both bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0. Results The overall prevalence of unmet need for contraception among young women was 26.90% [95% CI: 23.82–29.921], ranging from 11.30% [95% CI: 5.1–17.49] in Zimbabwe to 46.7% [95% CI: 36.92–56.48] in Comoros. Results on socio-economic status and unmet need for contraception showed that young women who had primary [aOR = 1.18; CI = 1.12–1.25, p < 0.001] and secondary/higher levels of formal education [aOR = 1.27; CI = 1.20–1.35, p < 0.001] had higher odds of unmet need for contraception compared to those with no formal education. With wealth status, young women in the richest wealth quintile had lower odds of unmet need for contraception compared with those in the poorest wealth quintile [aOR = 0.89; CI = 0.81–0.97, p < 0.01]. With the demographic factors, the odds of unmet need for contraception was lower among young women aged 20–24 [aOR = 0.74; CI = 0.70–0.77, p < 0.001], compared with 15–19 aged young women. Also, young women who were cohabiting had higher odds of unmet need for contraception compared to those who were married [aOR = 1.35; CI = 1.28–1.43, p < 0.001]. Conclusion Our study has demonstrated that unmet need for contraception is relatively high among young women in SSA and this is associated with socio-economic status. Age, marital status, parity, occupation, sex of household head, and access to mass media (newspaper) are also associated with unmet need for contraception. It is therefore, prudent that organisations such as UNICEF and UNFPA and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation who have implemented policies and programmes on contraception meant towards reducing unmet need for contraception among women take these factors into consideration when designing interventions in sub-Saharan African countries to address the problem of high unmet need for contraception among young women.

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Unmet Need For Family Planning Among Married Women In Sub-Sahara Africa: A Meta-Analysis of DHS Data (1995 – 2020)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-955281/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Million Phiri ◽

Clifford Odimegwu ◽

Chester Kalinda

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Unmet Needs ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Central Africa ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Closing the gap of unmet needs for family planning (FP) in sub-Saharan Africa remains critical in improving maternal and child health outcomes. Determining the prevalence of unmet needs for family planning among married women in the reproductive age is vital for designing effective sexual reproductive health interventions and programmes. Here, we use nationally representative data drawn from sub-Saharan countries to estimate and examine heterogeneity of unmet needs for family planning among currently married women of reproductive age. Methods: This study used secondary data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2020 from 37 countries in sub-Saharan African. An Inverse Heterogeneity model (IVhet) in MetaXL application was used to estimate country and sub-regional level pooled estimates and confidence intervals of unmet needs for FP in SSA. Results: The overall prevalence of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in the sub-region for the period under study was 22.9% (95% CI: 20.9–25.0). The prevalence varied across countries from 10% (95% CI: 10–11%) in Zimbabwe to 38% (95% CI: 35–40) and 38 (95% CI: 37–39) (I2 = 99.8% and p-value < 0.0001) in Sao Tome and Principe and Angola, respectively. Unmet needs due to limiting ranged from 6%; (95% CI: 3–9) in Central Africa to 9%; (95% CI: 8–11) in East Africa. On the other hand, the prevalence of unmet needs due to spacing was highest in Central Africa (Prev: 18; 95% CI: 16–21) and lowest in Southern Africa (Prev: 12%; 95% CI: 8–16). Our study indicates that there was no publication bias because the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index (0.79) was within the symmetry range of -1 and +1. Conclusion: The prevalence of unmet need for FP remains high in sub-Saharan Africa suggesting the need for health policymakers to consider re-evaluating the current SRH policies and programmes with the view of redesigning the present successful strategies to address the problem.

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Improving Utilisation and awareness of Family Planning services in Adults of Reproductive age through Community Sensitization in Police Wing Village, Jinja District.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.43 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Rodgers Isiko

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Project Implementation ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Planning Methods ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Family Planning Methods

Background Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to space the number of children they have through the use of contraceptive methods. According to WHO, an estimated 225 million women in developing countries, 24.2% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for contraception. However, contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa is low at only 21%. The total fertility rate remains high for many countries in the region (4.6 in Kenya and Rwanda, 5.4 in Tanzania, 6.2 in Uganda, and 6.4 for Burundi). Methodology This was a community-based project implementation on increasing awareness and utilization of family planning methods in Police Wing village, Jinja district. Consent was gotten from the VHT, LC1, and DHO before mobilizing people to gather at the VHT’s home and her neighbour’s compound where we carried out the different educational sessions. Different team members got different roles to play as regards the health education session. One week later, we evaluated the progress of our project implementation through the administration of questionnaires to the same people we health educated. The questionnaire assessed the level of utilization, awareness, myths, misconception, and demography of the participants. Results 28% had heard about at least three family planning methods and 24.1% had at one time used family planning while 75.9% of the participants admitted not to have used it. The post-session assessment showed an increase from 28% to 93% in knowledge regarding the available methods of FP and an increase in the utilization of FP from 28% to 42%. Conclusion and recommendations Addressing the myths and misconceptions about FP by exposing them as a fallacy would help increase the uptake as evidenced by the will of the community to take up the different methods. Organize frequent health talks about FP in the community.

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Conceiving of Contraception: World Society, Cultural Resistance, and Contraceptive Use, 1970–2012

Social Forces ◽

10.1093/sf/soaa077 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wade M Cole ◽

Claudia Geist

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Unmet Need ◽

World Society ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Cultural Resistance ◽

African Countries ◽

Orthodox Christian ◽

Cultural Effects ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Using Data

Abstract Taking world society theory as our point of departure, we examine the effect of world culture on contraceptive use rates around the world. World-cultural rhetoric frames contraception as a necessity for economic development, a human rights issue, and a women’s health matter. Using data on contraceptive use among married women for a sample of 159 countries over the period from 1970 to 2012, we find that linkages to all three sets of discourses are associated with increased use of modern contraceptive methods, over and above countries’ sociocultural and economic characteristics. Nevertheless, we also find that world society influences vary across major cultural zones, defined in terms of predominant religions and geographic regions. World cultural effects are strongest in Orthodox Christian, Hindu, non-Western Protestant, and sub-Saharan African countries. There is no effect in Western and East Asian countries, where contraceptive use is comparatively high, or in zones such as non-Western Catholic nations, where the unmet need for contraception is often greatest. Compared to development and women’s rights rhetoric, health-based frames appear to have the broadest and most effective reach across cultural divides. Overall, however, we find that world society processes tend to produce cross-cultural convergence in contraceptive use rates.

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WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT, HOUSEHOLD STATUS AND CONTRACEPTION USE IN GHANA

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932016000377 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 423-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sarah R. Blackstone

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Household Head ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Women's Empowerment ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Wife Beating ◽

Women’S Empowerment ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryGender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving women’s sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including contraceptive use, in low- and middle-income countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa. To date there is limited, recent, evidence available regarding women’s empowerment, household status and contraceptive use in Ghana. The objective of this study was to investigate whether women’s empowerment and status in the household were associated with contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The study sample consisted of 1828 women aged 15–49. Women’s empowerment was measured based on two composite indexes created by the DHS: attitudes towards intimate partner violence and decision-making. Women’s status in the home was measured using indicators of work status, relationship to household head, control over monetary earnings and land ownership. Decision-making was found to be positively associated with contraceptive use and not having unmet need for contraception. Women who justified wife beating in one or more instances were less likely to use contraception, and more likely to have unmet need for contraception. Current or past employment and higher levels of male partner education were associated with contraceptive use. This study indicates that women’s empowerment and household status are influential for contraceptive indicators. Future interventions aimed at improving contraceptive uptake and use should promote women’s empowerment, i.e. decision-making, self-worth and education.

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Unmet need for contraception among urban women: a cross sectional study in Puducherry

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171570 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sudha V. ◽

Vrushabhendra H. N. ◽

Srikanth S. ◽

Suganya E.

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Married Women ◽

Research Centre ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Universal Family ◽

Unmet Need For Contraception

Background: Providing universal family planning services is an important strategy to reduce maternal morbidity and to control population growth. Worldwide, when contraception is used properly and effectively to avoid unwanted pregnancy it can reduce 25–35% of maternal deaths. The present study aimed at measuring the proportion of married women with unmet need for family planning in an urban area of Puducherry.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 235 married women in the urban field practice area of Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Puducherry. Participants were selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria using systematic random sampling method. SPSS version 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. Proportion, Mean, Standard deviation and Logistic regression were applied to interpret the results.Results: Mean age of the participants was 33.3 ±6 years, Nearly 77 %( 181) of the participants reported having used any method of contraceptive at least once and 34.5 %( 81) were found to have unmet need for family planning. The most common reason for unmet need for contraception was fear of side effects (39.5%) and others were infrequent sex (12.3%),insisted by family members (12.3%) and religious reasons (12.3%).Conclusions: Unmet need for family planning was found to be fairly high in our study population. Health care personnel, preferably field staff should be trained to give an informed choice of contraception to the eligible couples to reduce the unmet need for contraception.

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The National Composite Index for Family Planning (NCIFP): Results and Methodological Issues

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13464.1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rebecca Rosenberg ◽

John Ross ◽

Karen Hardee ◽

Imelda Zosa-Feranil

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Composite Index ◽

Modern Method ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Global Partnership ◽

Planning Effort ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Family Planning Effort

Background: The “ FP2020 Global Partnership” signaled a shift to broader, rights-based approaches to family planning programs, and the National Composite Index for Family Planning was developed as part of related measurement efforts. Methods: In each country 10-15 experts on the family planning program completed a 35-item questionnaire, first in 2014 in 89 countries, and in 2017 in 84 countries. Data were entered in Excel, with checks for consistency and data quality. The total score, and scores for each of 5 dimensions of effort are averages across the 35 indicators. Analytic techniques included cross-tabulations, graphical and correlation approaches. Results: The average total score for all countries in 2017 was 64 of the maximum of 100 of effort. Sub-regions differed: Anglophone and Francophone sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) scored highest in the total score and across all 5 dimensions. Next in order came Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Despite large differences in scores, the sub-regions followed similar profiles across the 35 indicators. The long term rise in the basic family planning effort scores continued, extending the series from surveys approximately every five years beginning in the 1980s. The highest score reached was for the strategy dimension, but the others were close. Their relative levels remained essentially the same as in the 2014 survey. NCIFP scores correlated positively with modern contraceptive use in both the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and non-sub-Saharan Africa (non-SSA) countries, but the relationships were stronger for SSA. Access to long-acting and permanent methods (LAPMs) was accompanied by greater LAPM use and modern method use. Conclusion: Repeated surveys in most developing countries show improvements in family planning effort, though unevenly, by 35 indicators and across regions.

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A study on prevalence of contraception and estimate unmet need of family planning among married women in the rural Shamirpet, Ranga Reddy District, T.S, India.

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.6.10.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 5513

Author(s):

Vijayasree L.

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Family Planning Program ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Married Women ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Family ◽

Contraceptive Prevalence ◽

Population Stabilization

The study on contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning is the key to understanding the change in fertility and improving reproductive health. Family planning program aims to not only achieve population stabilization but also to promote reproductive health and reduce maternal, infant & child mortality and morbidity. In this study an attempt has been made to assess the family planning practices adopted in the rural Shamirpet. Probability proportion sampling was done and 402 women were selected from 13 villages. Prevalence of contraception was found to be 61.7%. Permanent methods were preferred over temporary methods. Total unmet need for family planning was 11.7%. The contraceptive prevalence rate found in the present study is higher than the district figures and is on par with the state statistics. Unmet needs also are low compared to state figures.

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