CHANGES IN MARRIAGE PATTERNS AMONG THE ARAB COMMUNITY IN ISRAEL OVER A 60-YEAR PERIOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajech Sharkia ◽  
Muhammad Mahajnah ◽  
Esmael Athamny ◽  
Mohammad Khatib ◽  
Ahmad Sheikh-Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends of various types of consanguineous marriage among the Arab community in Israel over a long time period (1948–2007) by religion and educational level. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of 3173 Arab couples living in Israel in 2007 and 2008. The trend in consanguineous marriages was found to decrease significantly over successive time periods, from 42.5% to 30.9% (p=0.001), and the prevalence of first-cousin and closer marriages decreased, from 23% to 12.7%. Consanguinity was found to be significantly related to religion (p=0.001) and wife’s level of education (p=0.028).

scholarly journals Visualizing Belief in Meritocracy, 1930–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311881180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. B. Mijs
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Western World ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

In this figure I describe the long trend in popular belief in meritocracy across the Western world between 1930 and 2010. Studying trends in attitudes is limited by the paucity of survey data that can be compared across countries and over time. Here, I show how to complement survey waves with cohort-level data. Repeated surveys draw on a representative sample of the population to describe the typical beliefs held by citizens in a given country and period. Leveraging the fact that citizens surveyed in a given year were born in different time-periods allows for a comparison of beliefs across birth cohorts. The latter overlaps with the former, but considerably extends the time period covered by the data. Taken together, the two measures give a “triangulated” longitudinal record of popular belief in meritocracy. I find that in most countries, popular belief in meritocracy is (much) stronger for more recent periods and cohorts.

scholarly journals Are stock returns an inflation hedge for the UK? Evidence from a wavelet analysis using over three centuries of data

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Juncal Cunado ◽  
Rangan Gupta ◽  
Mark E. Wohar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between stock returns and the inflation rates for the UK over a long time period (February 1790–February 2017) and at different frequencies, by employing a wavelet analysis. We also compare the results for the UK economy with those for the US and two developing countries (India and South Africa). Overall, our results tend to suggest that, while the relationship between stock returns and inflation rates varies across frequencies and time periods, there is no evidence of stock returns acting as an inflation hedge, irrespective of whether we look at the two developed or the two developing markets in our sample.

scholarly journals Retention following Two-Stage Collaborative Exams Depends on Timing and Student Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. ar12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cooke ◽  
Laura Weir ◽  
Bridgette Clarkston
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Course Content ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Content Retention

Multistage collaborative exams are implemented to enhance learning and retention of course material. However, the effects of multistage collaborative exams on retention of course content are varied. These discrepancies may be due to a number of factors. To date, studies examining collaborative exams and content retention have used questions that all, or mostly, require students to select an answer, rather than generate one of their own. However, content retention can improve when students generate their own responses. Thus, we examined the effect of collaborative exams with open-ended questions on retention of course content. Retention was measured at two time periods; one relatively shortly (9 days) following a collaborative exam and another over a longer time period (23 days). Furthermore, we examined whether content retention differed for low-, mid-, or high-­performing students. Our results suggest that collaborative exams offer retention benefits at relatively long time periods between pre- and posttests, but not over shorter time periods. Retention varied across students in different performance categories. Our study, the first to use only open-ended questions, showed relatively small effects compared with studies using multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank format, but still suggest that collaborative exams can aid in content retention.

Use of tilt sensing equipment for monitoring long-term bridge movement

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Tilt Sensors

Accurate monitoring of long-term movements in bridges can be difficult primarily because of the relatively long time period over which the movements occur and inadequate instrumentation and technique. A stable reference point for measurements is difficult to obtain over these long time periods. Two bridges were monitored for long-term structural movement; the results are presented here. Instrumentation including temperature transducers and tilt sensors placed on and near piers determined the pier movement. The results of the study indicate that a superstructure expansion pier on one of the bridges monitored actually behaved as a fixed pier. The equipment used in the study, including data acquisition components and tilt sensors, proved reliable and accurate. Key words: bridges, girder, field tests, foundations, measurement instruments, piers, structural engineering.

Changing Trends of Consanguineous Marriages in South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110120
Author(s):  
Harihar Sahoo ◽  
Paramita Debnath ◽  
Chaitali Mandal ◽  
R. Nagarajan ◽  
Sathiyasusuman Appunni
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
National Family

Consanguineous marriage is still a preferred option in many societies of southern India. Therefore, this study addresses the state and district wise variation in consanguineous marriages and also attempts to find out the underlying factors of this practice in different marriage cohorts of South India. Drawing data from National Family Health Survey-4, the result revealed that there is a reduction in consanguineous marriages from 32.6% who married before 1985 to 23% during 2010–2014. About 13 districts in Tamil Nadu had the highest prevalence of consanguineous marriages, indicating that recent socio-demographic changes such as delays in age at marriages, lesser age gaps between partners, increase in the level of education, etc., did not explicitly affect the consanguineous marriages.

scholarly journals Characterizing and Correcting Phase Biases in Short-Term, Multilooked Interferograms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Maghsoudi ◽  
Andy Hooper ◽  
Tim Wright ◽  
Homa Ansari ◽  
Milan Lazecky
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Phase Bias ◽  
Time Periods

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is widely used to measure deformation of the Earth’s surface over large areas and long time periods. A common strategy to overcome coherence loss in long-term interferograms is to use multiple multilooked shorter interferograms, which can cover the same time period but maintain coherence. However, it has recently been shown that using this strategy can introduce a bias (also referred to as “fading signals”) in the interferometric phase, particularly over vegetated areas. We isolate the signature of the phase bias by constructing daisy chain sums of short-term interferograms covering identical 1-year time periods, but using interferograms of different time spans. This shows that the shorter interferograms are more affected by this phenomenon and that different ground cover types are affected differently. We, propose a method for correcting the phase bias, based on the assumption that the bias in an interferogram is linearly related to the sum of the bias in shorter interferograms spanning the same time. We tested the algorithm over a study area in western Turkey by comparing average velocities against results from a phase linking approach that has been shown to be rather insensitive to the phase bias. Our corrected velocities agree well with those from phase linking approach. Our approach can be applied to global compilations of short-term interferograms and offer the possibility of accurate long-term velocities without a requirement for coherence in long-term interferograms.

Stress Relaxation of NR and NBR: Comparison of Measured Data with Reduced Variables Estimates

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meier ◽  
J. Kuster ◽  
J. F. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The application of reduced variables has been tested in long-time compressive stress relaxation at 293 K over a time period of 16 years for NR and NBR. The results show that within this time span there is good agreement with predicted data from reduced variables. However, the results indicate that over much longer time periods (approx. 20 to 50 years) disagreement is to be expected due to dominance of chemical stress relaxation for surface to volume ratios in the range of 0.6/mm.

scholarly journals A preliminary study into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S249-S250
Author(s):  
Claire Fischer ◽  
Hannah Gyekye-Mensah ◽  
Ilenia Pampaloni ◽  
Augusta Chandler ◽  
Anusha Govender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contact ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Impact

AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented a challenge for treating people with OCD and it could be postulated that those with OCD fearing contamination might be more affected in current circumstances. Although there have been some studies already published, results have been heterogeneous and conflicting; possibly because of different populations or geographical locations examined.In this preliminary study we aim to identify the impact of the pandemic on the severity of OCD, as measured by Y-BOCS scores. To our knowledge, it is the first UK study of this kind and the only study that examines change in Y-BOCS scores over such a long time period.MethodPatients were identified from national OCD unit referral databases at Springfield Hospital. Referrals from March 2019–March 2020 were examined and patients included if they had a diagnosis of OCD, were accepted by the service following initial assessment and sufficient data were available. This preliminary study focused only on Y-BOCS to assess clinician-rated severity of OCD. Y-BOCS scores were compared from different time periods correlating to the progression of COVID-19. ‘Pre-pandemic’ score was taken from Jan–Dec 2019 or, if not available, from Jan–23 March 2020 (prior to UK lockdown). ‘Pandemic’ score was taken as the most recent rating from April 2020 onwards.Result21 patients were included. All treated as outpatients (although 9 had undergone previous inpatient treatment during the time period above). 81% showed improvement in Y-BOCS score between pre-pandemic and pandemic time periods, with an overall mean decrease in Y-BOCS of 10.3.ConclusionOverall, this study indicates that severity of OCD decreased during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. It may be that patients found it easier to access remote appointments, or perhaps the pandemic environment of being encouraged to stay at home and limiting unnecessary contact may have allowed limited opportunity for exposure. It might be that the pandemic provided a reason for patients to be avoidant of potential contamination thereby leading to a perceived rather than real improvement in Y-BOCS scores.Identification of specific contributing factors is beyond the scope of this preliminary study, however it will be important to conduct further research with a larger sample size that incorporates post-lockdown and post-pandemic scores to ascertain whether trends seen here are in fact maintained when normal social contact resumes.

scholarly journals Internet page content analysis of north European Sea ports

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli-Pekka Hilmola ◽  
Andres Tolli ◽  
Ain Kiisler
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This study analyses 98 Internet pages of sea ports located in Sweden, Finland and Estonia during years 2017–2019. Aim of the study is to find, how website basic design is completed (colours and languages), how slogans, environmental issues, statistics and hinterland transports are reported. Based on the analysis, it appears as rather common that sea ports follow conservative selection of colours in their websites, where blue and white are clearly most popular. Typically, English and Swedish are as the most common used language, followed by Finnish, Russian and Estonian. In some rare cases, websites are offered in Chinese or German. Larger sea ports do have clear “slogans”, where smaller ones are just having lengthy justification for their existence. Environmental issues are increasing concern among sea ports, and these are mostly mentioned in details within Swedish actors. Providing statistics varies among companies, and in some sea ports these are provided from very long time period, where in others from just previous years or then only from last year (or even at all). It is common for companies to report that they have sustainable hinterland access, railway available.

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