Statistical properties of proportional residual energy intake as a new measure of energetic efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Pouya Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Residual Energy Intake

Traditional ratio measures of efficiency, including feed conversion ratio (FCR), gross milk efficiency (GME), gross energy efficiency (GEE) and net energy efficiency (NEE) may have some statistical problems including high correlations with milk yield. Residual energy intake (REI) or residual feed intake (RFI) is another criterion, proposed to overcome the problems attributed to the traditional ratio criteria, but it does not account for production or intake levels. For example, the same REI value could be considerable for low producing and negligible for high producing cows. The aim of this study was to propose a new measure of efficiency to overcome the problems attributed to the previous criteria. A total of 1478 monthly records of 268 lactating Holstein cows were used for this study. In addition to FCR, GME, GEE, NEE and REI, a new criterion called proportional residual energy intake (PREI) was calculated as REI to net energy intake ratio and defined as proportion of net energy intake lost as REI. The PREI had an average of −0·02 and range of −0·36 to 0·27, meaning that the least efficient cow lost 0·27 of her net energy intake as REI, while the most efficient animal saved 0·36 of her net energy intake as less REI. Traditional ratio criteria (FCR, GME, GEE and NEE) had high correlations with milk and fat corrected milk yields (absolute values from 0·469 to 0·816), while the REI and PREI had low correlations (0·000 to 0·069) with milk production. The results showed that the traditional ratio criteria (FCR, GME, GEE and NEE) are highly influenced by production traits, while the REI and PREI are independent of production level. Moreover, the PREI adjusts the REI magnitude for intake level. It seems that the PREI could be considered as a worthwhile measure of efficiency for future studies.

Energetic efficiency of fattening sheep. I. Utilization of low-fibre and high-fibre food mixtures

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
N McCGraham
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

The energy, carbon, and nitrogen exchanges of nine castrate male sheep in moderately fat condition were determined with the aid of closed-circuit indirect calorimetry. Five of the sheep were kept on a diet containing equal parts of chopped lucerne hay and chopped wheaten hay (mixture A). The other four were given a pelleted 5:4:1 mixture of lucerne hay, maize meal, and peanut meal (mixture B). Each mixture was given at five different rates and each sheep was fasted on two occasions. Digestible energy averaged 62% for mixture A and 76% for mixture B, irrespective of feeding level. Of this, 10% was lost as methane and 5 to 13%, depending on level of feeding, in the urine, leaving on the average 81% metabolizable. Thus metabolizable energy amounted to 51 and 62% of the gross energy intake with mixtures A and B respectively, while net energy was 89 and 97% of the metabolizable energy intake at the lowest level of feeding and 61 and 69% at the highest. At any given level of metabolizable energy, mixture B provided 30% more digestible nitrogen than mixture A, but, allowing for differences between sheep in nitrogen economy, any additional energy obtained from mixture B was stored in fat. Consideration of the present results, along with data from earlier experiments with fattening sheep and cattle, showed that the net availability of metabolizable energy, both for maintenance and fattening, decreases regularly as the quantity of digestible fibre increases. Net energy could be estimated more accurately from this relation than by use of the commonly used factors of Kellner.

Estimation of residual energy intake and its genetic background during the growing period in pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shirali ◽  
A. Doeschl-Wilson ◽  
C. Duthie ◽  
P.W. Knap ◽  
E. Kanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Residual Energy Intake

EFFECTS OF CORRECTING FOR FEEDING LEVELS ON ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY ◽  
J. E. MOXLEY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Quadratic Effects

A total of 13,561 Holstein 305-day lactation records were studied to examine the effects of correcting records for linear and quadratic effects of 305-day net energy intake from silage, hay, pasture and meal feeding on estimates of genetic parameters of milk, fat and protein yield and fat and protein percent. Correcting records for net energy intake reduced variances of yield traits, but had little effect on composition trait variances. When expressed as a percentage of the total variance, the relative importance of sire and sire–herd components were unchanged using corrected records, and heritabilities, except for that of protein yield, were unaltered. Cow components of yield traits were reduced relative to other components after records were corrected for feeding levels. Consequently, repeatabilities were reduced as well, suggesting that a large portion of the permanent environmental effects on yield traits may be of nutritional origin. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield traits were also reduced appreciably after records were corrected for feed intake. Genetic relationships between milk, fat and protein yield may not be as great as commonly believed.

scholarly journals Isolating the cow-specific part of residual energy intake in lactating dairy cows using random regressions

animal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1396-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fischer ◽  
N.C. Friggens ◽  
D.P. Berry ◽  
P. Faverdin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Specific Part ◽  
Residual Energy Intake

Position Choice by Drift-Feeding Salmonids: Model and Test for Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Subarctic Mountain Streams, Interior Alaska

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2039-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Hughes ◽  
Lawrence M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Thymallus Arcticus ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Intake Rate

We develop a model to predict position choice of drift-feeding stream salmonids, assuming a fish chooses the position that maximizes its net energy intake rate. The fish's habitat is represented as a series of stream cross-profiles, each divided into vertical strips characterized by water depth and velocity. The fish may select a focal point in any of these strips, and include several neighbouring strips in its foraging area. The number of prey the fish encounters depends on its reaction distance to prey, water depth, and water velocity; the proportion of detected prey the fish is able to capture declines with water velocity. The fish's net energy intake rate is its gross energy intake rate from feeding minus the swimming cost calculated by using water velocity at the fish's focal point. There was a close match between the positions predicted by this model and those chosen by solitary Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in the pools of a mountain stream in Alaska.

scholarly journals Energy value of babassu cake as substitute bulk in sheep diets

2021 ◽  
pp. 1967-1980
Author(s):  
Kélvia Jácome de Castro ◽  
◽  
Silas Primola Gomes ◽  
Iran Borges ◽  
Fabrícia Rocha Chaves Miotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Babassu Cake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy value of diets containing babassu cake as a replacement for Tifton-85 hay (70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 g kg-1 dry matter, DM), using the technique of indirect calorimetry. Twenty-five castrated male Santa Inês sheep, with an average body weight of 49.6 + 9.4 kg, were used in a completely randomised design. The trial was carried out in an individual open-flow respirometry chamber for small ruminants, with each animal remaining for 24 hours inside the chamber. Gross energy and net energy intake were not affected by adding the cake. Digestible energy intake and metabolisable energy intake showed a linear response, ranging from 145.44 to 178.40 and from 121.85 to 158.08 kcal kg-0.75 day-1 respectively. The energy lost through faeces and methane (% of gross energy intake, GEI) showed decreasing linear behaviour, while the caloric increase, in %GEI, showed a quadratic response. The values for digestible energy and metabolisability presented an increasing linear response. The partial efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for maintenance ranged from 0.71 to 0.81, and showed a quadratic response; however, the net energy values did not differ. For every 10 g of added by-product, there was a reduction of 0.31 g of methane per kg of DM intake. The addition of babassu cake to replace up to 350 g kg-1 DM in sheep diets increases the energy efficiency of the diet and reduces methane emission by the animals.

scholarly journals Description and evaluation of a net energy intake model as a function of dietary chewing index

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 8699-8715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Jensen ◽  
B. Markussen ◽  
N.I. Nielsen ◽  
E. Nadeau ◽  
M.R. Weisbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Net Energy Intake

Microhabitat variables explain patch switching by wintering Bewick’s swans through giving-up net energy intake rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 18843-18852
Author(s):  
Chao Yu ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
Nazia Mahtab ◽  
Shaojun Fan ◽  
Yunwei Song
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Net Energy Intake

scholarly journals 172 Effects of net energy levels on feed intake pattern and growth performance of growing-finishing gilts monitored using a computerized feed intake recording system

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Zhikai Zeng ◽  
YaKuan Huang ◽  
Liqiang Zhu ◽  
Zhiyuan Chen ◽  
Z J Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of dietary net energy concentrations on feeding behavior and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs monitored using a feed intake recording equipment (FIRE). Two hundred and sixteen (48.8 ± 5.6 kg) gilts were blocked by bodyweight and assigned randomly to 1 of 3 dietary treatments, which included low (2,350 kcal/kg), medium (2,450 kcal/kg), and high (2,550 kcal/kg) dietary NE levels. Pigs were housed in 18 pens for 68 d in four phases with 12 pigs and one FIRE station per pen. Bodyweight, feed consumption, and the amount of time and visit at the station of individual pigs were monitored every day by using FIRE. Pigs fed low NE diet spent more time (min) at the station during the first two weeks and visited the station more times with fewer amounts of time (min) per visit after two weeks compared with pigs fed medium and high levels of NE diets (P < 0.05). The speed (g/min) and amount (g/visit) of feed intake were lower (P < 0.05) during phase 3 and the overall period in low NE diet compared with pigs fed medium NE diet. Pigs fed medium NE diet tended to have a greater (P = 0.066) average daily feed intake at phase 4 than pigs fed low NE diet. Increasing NE levels linearly improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and final BW during phase 3 and the overall period. However, the overall energy efficiency (Mcal NE/ kg gain) was linearly decreased with increasing NE levels. In conclusion, decreasing dietary NE to 2350 Mcal/kg resulted in more visits to feeders with slow ingestion speed compared with pigs fed diets with 2450 or 2550 Mcal/kg NE. Increasing dietary NE levels linearly improved daily gain and feed conversion ratio, but linearly decreased energy efficiency.

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