Karl Polanyi's Concept of Non-Market Trade

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Rotstein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Near East ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Context

Karl Polanyi's studies in economic history were concerned with an unusually wide range of economies and societies. Aristotle's Greece, the ancient Near East and Hammurabi's Babylonia, pre-colonial West Africa, and the laissez-faire economy of the nineteenth century were among the areas which he explored. The main focus of his work might well be summed up by the title of the present conference, “The Organizational Forms of Economic Life and Their Evolution,” and equally well by the subtitle, “Non-Capitalistic Organization.” To talk of organizational forms (in the plural) and of non-capitalistic organization is to focus attention on different kinds of economic institutions and on ways of distinguishing among them. To raise this question in an evolutionary context is to suggest a departure from a notion of unilineal development that would tend to see earlier economies as miniature replicas or potential versions of our own market economy.

scholarly journals A Word from the Program Committee

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Organizational Forms

Program committees, like the parents of adolescents, must at last stand aside, overcome by a sense of powerless responsibility, as their creation begins to speak, act and sin for itself.The program for the Twenty-ninth Meeting of the Economic History Association, held August 28–30, 1969, at Rrandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, was generated under the title: The Organizational Forms of Economic Life and Their Evolution. The first two sessions bore the subtitle: Precapitalist Forms, and the second two sessions, the subtitle: Capitalism Revisited.

scholarly journals Child Labour, Parental Neglect, School Boards, and Teacher Quality: School Inspector Reports on the Supply and Demand of Schooling in Mid-nineteenth-century Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germund Larsson ◽  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
School Boards ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range

By examining the state school inspector reports of 1861–1863, which provide rich insights into the local conditions of schooling in Sweden, this article sheds further light on the wide range of factors that weakened school enrolment and attendance in nineteenth-century Sweden. In terms of parental demand, these included child labour on farms, at manors, and in industries; the transformation of the servant system among rural households; and religious practices, such as the confirmation and the beliefs of Protestant sectarian groups. On the supply side, factors that school inspectors reported included the inability of Swedish teacher seminars to examine enough teachers and the problematic behaviour of local school boards. As a result, this article provides additional input into the debate in educational history regarding the role of the state, religion, rural elites, and parents in the rise of mass schooling, while simultaneously providing further qualitative evidence to a quantitatively oriented research field in economic history on the determinants of schooling.

scholarly journals the Monetary Paradigm of the Market Economy: Retrospective analysis and futuristic Imperatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-168
Author(s):  
Ya.   S.  Yadgarov ◽  
V.  A.  Sidorov ◽  
E.  V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
High Level

The review article positions the materials of the results of the VI International scientifc-practical conference, the content of which is considered from a special angle — through the phenomenon of market economies. Within the framework of the forum, the understanding of the past (in theoretical and applied terms) market model of management and the search for new sources of economic growth were carried out, the fnancial problems accompanying the genesis and evolution of economic life were discussed. The high level of discussion can be judged by the participation in the conference of such well-known post-Soviet scientists as R.M. Nureyev (Russia), B.S. Myrzaliyev (Kazakhstan), G.I. Ganush (Belarus), G.L. Sargsyan (Armenia), N.u. uzakov (uzbekistan) and others. In accordance with the program of the conference, special attention was paid to the analysis of debatable historical, economic, institutional, reproductive and transformational aspects of the phenomenon of the market system of management, explicated through the prism of monetary and fnancial relations. Materials of the conference actualize the development of evolutionary, institutional and interdisciplinary aspects of economic science, as a stage in the deepening of the existing system of knowledge about the phenomenon (objects) that make up the latest areas of Theoretical Economics, and their relationship, revealing a wide range of discussion of methodological and theoretical problems of the phenomenon of market economy. Of particular scientifc and practical interest are the opinions of the forum participants, reflecting the state and vectors of development of modern scientific knowledge in the feld of fnancial instruments of commodity-money relations, showing “bottlenecks” in this segment of economic science. A number of generalizing conclusions and recommendations are aimed at solving problems that are relevant to modern society, such as: strengthening the confrontation between the national and global economy, sanctions counteraction, contradictions of the traditional monetary economy and the emerging use of cryptocurrency. The results of the conference not only acquaint the academic and scientifc community with the trends in the study of the market phenomenon in the CIS but also have a signifcant potential applied interest.

Some Consequences of the Pertamina Crisis in Indonesia

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McCawley
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remarkable Event

The rise and fall of Pertamina is a remarkable event in the recent economic history of Indonesia which has had wide-ranging economic and political ramifications. Formed in 1968, the state enterprise grew rapidly into one of the most important companies in Asia and Indonesia's most vigorous business organization. By 1974, this burgeoning oil conglomerate led by a dynamic President Director, Dr Ibnu Sutowo, known for his “can-do” philosophy and record of delivering the goods, had expanded its activities to a wide range of diverse business ventures both within and outside of Indonesia. But in late 1974, just as it seemed that the oil boom would surely strengthen Pertamina's already-dominant role in political and economic life in Indonesia, severe financial difficulties overtook the enterprise. In March 1975 the Indonesian Government was forced to step in to shore up Pertamina, and the subsequent investigations which continued on into 1976 revealed a series of remarkable business miscalculations which had led the company to accumulate debts officially put at over US$10 billion, much of it in foreign currency. Corruption in Indonesia has attracted much attention in recent years, so it is perhaps not surprising that it is this side of the remarkable Pertamina affair — and especially the role of Dr Ibnu Sutowo — that has received most comment. But the controversy surrounding the rise and fall of Ibnu Sutowo should not be allowed to obscure other significant issues. There are numerous semi-independent “states within a state” in Indonesia, and the role of particular individuals (whether honest or corrupt) within them should be kept in perspective. After discussing the background to the Pertamina crisis below, several issues will be taken up. It will be argued that while the economic consequences are bound to be farreaching, their impact on the economy should not be exaggerated. It will also be suggested that it is conflict between the need for autonomy and the desirability of public accountability which is at the heart of the debates about Pertamina's role, that many other official institutions (especially state enterprises) are faced with a similar conflict, and that we must look to the long-term development of institutional checks and balances to permanently improve the situation.

Government Influence on Company Organization in Holland and England (1550–1650)

1950 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle C. Riemersma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Government Influence ◽  
Werner Sombart ◽  
Modern Economic

The development of rationality in economic life, according to Werner Sombart and Max Weber, is one of the most important aspects of modern economic history. Gradually, religious and ethical considerations lose dieir influence in commercial behavior; finally, in the nineteenth century, economic judgment proceeds on the basis of its own logic. Business is liberated from noneconomic sanctions.

Women's Work and Women's Property: Household Social Relations in the Maraka Textile Industry of the Nineteenth Century

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Islamic Militancy

A history of the Maraka textile industry provides a glimpse into the fitful and uneven social and economic changes taking place during the nineteenth century in the area of the Western Sudan that is now part of Mali. Although the major historical events of this period are well understood, historians know very little about the social and economic history of the West African interior. Exactly how the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, renewed Islamic militancy, and European territorial encroachment influenced African societies remains poorly understood. This is even more apparent for the Middle Niger valley, located near the geographical center of continental West Africa. Paradoxically, the gradual end of the Atlantic slave trade and the coincident expansion of the so-called legitimate trade in agricultural crops increased the use of slaves within Africa to meet demand for all types of African goods. The nineteenth century was thus an era of commodity production and market activity which was probably unparalleled in the history of West Africa prior to this period. The inhabitants of the Middle Niger participated in these changes, and this study describes what these changes meant to one group of African men and women.

scholarly journals Child Labour, Parental Neglect, School Boards, and Teacher Quality: School Inspector Reports on the Supply and Demand of Schooling in Mid-nineteenth-century Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germund Larsson ◽  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
School Boards ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range

By examining the state school inspector reports of 1861–1863, which provide rich insights into the local conditions of schooling in Sweden, this article sheds further light on the wide range of factors that weakened school enrolment and attendance in nineteenth-century Sweden. In terms of parental demand, these included child labour on farms, at manors, and in industries; the transformation of the servant system among rural households; and religious practices, such as the confirmation and the beliefs of Protestant sectarian groups. On the supply side, factors that school inspectors reported included the inability of Swedish teacher seminars to examine enough teachers and the problematic behaviour of local school boards. As a result, this article provides additional input into the debate in educational history regarding the role of the state, religion, rural elites, and parents in the rise of mass schooling, while simultaneously providing further qualitative evidence to a quantitatively oriented research field in economic history on the determinants of schooling.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

Epic and Novel

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Moore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aurora Leigh ◽  
Big Picture

This essay explores a peculiarly Victorian solution to what was perceived, in the middle of the nineteenth century, as a peculiarly Victorian problem: the fragmentation and miscellaneousness of the modern world. Seeking to apprehend the multiplicity and chaos of contemporary social, intellectual, political, and economic life, and to furnish it with a coherence that was threatened by encroaching religious uncertainty, Victorian poets turned to the resources of genre as a means of accommodating the heterogeneity of the age. In particular, by devising ways of fusing the conventions of the traditional epic with those of the newly ascendant novel, poets hoped to appropriate for the novelistic complexity of modern, everyday life the dignifying and totalizing tendencies of the epic. The essay reevaluates the generic hybridity of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh (1856) as an attempt to unite two distinct kinds of length—the microscopic, cumulative detail of the novel and the big-picture sweep of the epic—in order to capture the miscellaneousness of the age and, at the same time, to restore order and meaning to the disjointed experience of modernity.

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