The Socioeconomic Return to Primary Schooling in Victorian England

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON LONG
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Level Analysis

In this article I provide a micro-level analysis of primary schooling in Victorian England. Using a new dataset of school-age males linked between the 1851 and 1881 population censuses, I examine the determinants of childhood school attendance and the impact of attendance on adult labor market outcomes. I find that schooling had a positive effect on adult occupational class and that the associated wage gains were likely to have outweighed the cost of schooling. However, this effect was small relative to father's class, and the effect of education on earnings appears to have been small relative to modern results.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Effects of Attending an Elite School: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Clark ◽  
Emilia Del Bono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
School Assignment

This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income, and fertility. Our data consist of individuals born in the 1950s and educated in a UK district that assigned students to either elite or non-elite secondary schools. Using instrumental variables methods that exploit the school assignment formula, we find that elite school attendance had large impacts on completed education. Surprisingly, there are no significant effects on most labor market outcomes except for an increase in female income. By contrast, we document a large and significant negative impact on female fertility. (JEL I21, I24, I26, J13, J16, J24, J31)

Does environmental information disclosure affect the performance of energy-intensive firms’ borrowing ability? Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Hu ◽  
Chun-Ping Chang ◽  
Minyi Dong ◽  
Wei-Na Meng ◽  
Yu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Environmental Information Disclosure ◽  
Loan Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In recent years, a growing strand of China’s listed companies chose to disclose environmental information, which may potentially affect their financial performance then further influence its performance of financial supports. To quantitatively investigate the impact of enterprise’s environmental information disclosure on the ability of firms’ borrowing in China, this paper divides the measurements of information disclosure into five categories and evaluates firms’ performance in capital market through its availability of a loan and the cost of capital. In total, 97 listed energy-intensive companies in China are selected and their data covering the period of 2000–2014 are utilized for empirical study. The empirical results indicate that enterprise’s environmental information disclosure appears to have a significantly positive effect on the loan size available, while the cost of capital is less sensitive to environmental information disclosure. The empirical evidence also suggests that, among the five aspects of information disclosure measurements, the future plan and monetary information are the most influential factors of the cost of capital.

Comparison among investment and return in dairy activity by beneficiaries of Jeevika project in Bihar state, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti . ◽  
B. Jirli ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Bihar State ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Paired T Test

Bihar is one of the poorest and most populous states in India. The share of employment in agriculture and allied activities is 68.9 percent in Bihar. This study is attempting to undertake a micro level analysis of collected data to assess the investment as well as return in Dairy activity carried out by Jeevika project in Muraul Block of Muzaffarpur District. Study revealed that calculated ‘t’ value of investment (12.533) and return (19.589) was more than table‘t’ value (1.977) of investment and return respectively. Comparison among investment as well as return in Dairy activity practiced by the respondents, before and after joining the project through paired t-test, showed a significant difference hence providing positive effect on the life of project beneficiaries.

scholarly journals The Train has Left the Station: Do Markets Value Intracity Access to Intercity Rail Connections?

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Rail System ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract This paper is the first to provide a micro-level analysis of the impact of intercity rail connections on property prices. We use the variation in mainline accessibility provided by the reorganization of the rail system in post-unification Berlin to isolate accessibility effects from correlated individual location effects. Evidence does not support the existence of localized effects on location productivity and household utility. While the city, since unification, has undergone significant changes in its spatial structure, these effects cannot be attributed to the new transport concept. Our findings question the justification for committing substantial public funds to downtown rail redevelopment projects.

scholarly journals "Is There Really No Time To Be Nice?”: A Micro-Level Analysis Of Antecedents To Incivility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Martini
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Performance Appraisals ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Communication Behaviours ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Analysis

Defined as a type of mistreatment of low intensity and ambiguous intent to harm, incivility is a persistent and troubling workplace phenomenon. Rooted in the self-determination theory, the impact of time pressure on workplace incivility was considered. Using an experimental design, 62 participants acted as managers in mock performance appraisals; half in each time condition (‘time pressure’ and ‘no time pressure’). Sessions were video recorded and two third-party raters, blind to the manipulation, coded the verbal and non-verbal communication behaviours of the managers and employees. Results showed that time pressure had a non-significant impact on manager incivility, and the number and type of questions the manager asked. However, significant results supported the idea that incivility breeds incivility. Supplemental analyses demonstrated that while self-reported incivility was unrelated to either third party or employee reports of manager incivility, a significant relationship existed between third-party and employee reports of manager incivility. Despite insignificant findings regarding time pressure as an antecedent of incivility, further exploration is encouraged.

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Care and Medication Adherence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Pharmaceutical care is a concept that involves identifying, solving and preventing drug-related problems, such as drug interactions, with regards to a patient's drug therapy. Cancer patients are at high risk of drug interactions due to the complex pharmacological profiles and narrow therapeutic indices of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, these patients tend to consume complementary and alternative medicines, thus predisposing them to a risk of herb-drug interactions. This can impact their adherence to anticancer therapies. Various factors are involved in medication non-adherence, such as the cost of medications and patients' beliefs about the value of their treatments. There is a need to understand the impact of non-adherence and optimize intervention strategies from a macro-, meso-, and micro-level. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of pharmaceutical care and the impact of oncology drug interactions and medication non-adherence in patients with cancer. The chapter will also provide an insight to the factors influencing medication adherence and the intervention strategies that have targeted non-adherence.

The Impact of Secularity on Attitudes of Gender Equality: A Multi-Level Analysis of 49 Nations

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Wernet
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

This research uses a series of hierarchical linear regression models fitted to data from the 2014 World Values Survey (wvs) and national statistics for 49 countries to specify the relationship between variables at the macro, meso, and micro level with attitudes of gender equality. In addition to the development of an updated and more robust Gender Equality Scale, the findings show that economic development increases support for gender equality, in line with Inglehart’s postmaterialist hypothesis. A history of communist rule and income inequality also increase attitudes of gender equality. Secularity has the greatest explanatory power in the equation; the results show that being educated, female, and less religious significantly increases one’s likelihood to support gender equality.

Compatibility Enhancement of Poly(lactic Acid)/Crosslinked Starch Composite by Vacuum Heating Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Xiao Gang Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Chen Yu Fan ◽  
Shi Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Heating Treatment ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Vacuum Heating ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Compositing with starch is an effective way to lower the cost of the poly (lactic acid)(PLA)-based biodegradable materials, while the compatibility of these two phases needs to be enhanced. Here reports an improvement based on vacuum heating treatment(VHT), hence a solid-phase esterification between PLA and crosslinked starch（CST） is enhanced. This research also studied the impact by esterified catalysts and starch proportion on thermal stability, surface morphology and mechanical properties of the composite. The result indicated that VHT shows positive effect on all aspects. Especially, sample with 20% CST shows optimized tensile strength of 62.6 MPa, and elongation at break was as high as 69.8%.

scholarly journals The Impact of Competitive Strategy on Profitability in the Context of COVID-19: A Case Study of McDonald’s

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Han Ma
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Leadership Strategy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Corporate Profits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Leadership Strategy ◽  
Positive Effect

In the context of the outbreak of COVID-19, public life and corporate profits have been influenced greatly. This paper takes McDonald’s as the case study object to explore the impact of competitive strategy on corporate profitability. Through investigation, it is found that McDonald’s profitability and operation are generally good due to its accurate competitive strategic positioning. However, under the impact of COVID19, the profit is slightly weak. Therefore, the paper helps clarify the concept that a reasonable competitive strategy has a positive effect on the profitability of enterprises. At the same time, this paper puts forward some views on the implementation of the strategy for the enterprises that take McDonald’s as the typical one to implement the cost leadership strategy. Besides, this paper also makes an appropriate extension on how enterprises should respond to such crisis situations as COVID-19 at the level of competitive strategy, which provides a new way for enterprises to get through the crisis.

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