The laminar unsteady flow of a viscous fluid away from a plane stagnation point

1983 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hommel
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Stagnation Point ◽  
Series Expansion ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Dimensionless Time ◽  
Displacement Thickness ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

The development with time of the impulsively started laminar flow of a viscous fluid away from a stagnation point is investigated. A series expansion in time is formulated for the shear stress and displacement thickness. This series expansion is obtained from a numerical solution of the full Navier–Stokes equations, and 44 terms are computed for the shear-stress series. The series is analysed and series-improvement techniques are employed to improve its convergence properties. The final series that results converges even for infinite time, and acceptable agreement with the Proudman & Johnson calculations of shear stress for steady-state flow at a stagnation point is obtained. Only 17 terms in the displacement-thickness series are reported, owing to numerical difficulties which are considerably more of an obstacle than in the shear-stress calculation. However, it is observed that the displacement thickness grows exponentially with time. Acceptable agreement with calculations of Proudman & Johnson is obtained for small time. For dimensionless time greater than 2.5, it is concluded that not enough terms are known to extrapolate the displacement-thickness series further.

Wave Propagation in Viscous Fluid Lines Including Higher Mode Effects

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Gerlach ◽  
J. D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Attenuation Factor ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Compressible Liquid ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Higher Mode Effects ◽  
Spatial Propagation

An analytical investigation of the symmetric modes of propagation for a viscous, compressible liquid in a cylindrical conduit is given in the form of an exact solution of the first-order Navier-Stokes equations. Boundary conditions for both rigid and elastic walls are imposed and the resulting characteristic equation is solved for the spatial attenuation-factor and phase velocity for several modes. The near-piston axial velocity profiles are found analytically for the case of a piston oscillating in a semi-infinite pipe and used to obtain the approximate state of shear stress near the piston. Experimental verification of this state of shear stress is made by viewing the action of a birefringent liquid in the neighborhood of an oscillating piston in a plexiglass tube. It is concluded that, in general, disturbances in a viscous fluid line consist of an infinite number of modes of propagation, the excitation of which depends upon the conduit end conditions, with the extent of spatial propagation being highly dependent upon the frequency and upon the type of conduit walls.

The turning couples on an elliptic particle settling in a vertical channel

1994 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Y. Huang ◽  
Jimmy Feng ◽  
Daniel D. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Back Face ◽  
The One

We do a direct two-dimensional finite-elment simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations and compute the forces which turn an ellipse settling in a vertical channel of viscous fluid in a regime in which the ellipse oscillates under the action of vortex shedding. Turning this way and that is induced by large and unequal values of negative pressure at the rear separation points which are here identified with the two points on the back face where the shear stress vanishes. The main restoring mechanism which turns the broadside of the ellipse perpendicular to the fall is the high pressure at the ‘stagnation point’ on the front face, as in potential flow, which is here identified with the one point on the front face where the shear stress vanishes.

scholarly journals Effects of surfactant on propagation and rupture of a liquid plug in a tube

2019 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 407-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muradoglu ◽  
F. Romanò ◽  
H. Fujioka ◽  
J. B. Grotberg
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Front Tracking ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Liquid Plug ◽  
Front Tracking Method ◽  
Airway Walls

Surfactant-laden liquid plug propagation and rupture occurring in lower lung airways are studied computationally using a front-tracking method. The plug is driven by an applied constant pressure in a rigid axisymmetric tube whose inner surface is coated by a thin liquid film. The evolution equations of the interfacial and bulk surfactant concentrations coupled with the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved in the front-tracking framework. The numerical method is first validated for a surfactant-free case and the results are found to be in good agreement with the earlier simulations of Fujioka et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, 2008, 062104) and Hassan et al. (Intl J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, vol. 67, 2011, pp. 1373–1392). Then extensive simulations are performed to investigate the effects of surfactant on the mechanical stresses that could be injurious to epithelial cells, such as pressure and shear stress. It is found that the liquid plug ruptures violently to induce large pressure and shear stress on airway walls and even a tiny amount of surfactant significantly reduces the pressure and shear stress and thus improves cell survivability. However, addition of surfactant also delays the plug rupture and thus airway reopening.

scholarly journals Dynamic analysis of submerged microscale plates: the effects of acoustic radiation and viscous dissipation

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2187) ◽  
pp. 20150728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangming Wu ◽  
Xianghong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Viscous Dissipation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Fluid Loading ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Loading Impedance

The aim of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of micromechanical rectangular plates used as sensing elements in a viscous compressible fluid. A novel modelling procedure for the plate–fluid interaction problem is developed on the basis of linearized Navier–Stokes equations and no-slip conditions. Analytical expression for the fluid-loading impedance is obtained using a double Fourier transform approach. This modelling work provides us an analytical means to study the effects of inertial loading, acoustic radiation and viscous dissipation of the fluid acting on the vibration of microplates. The numerical simulation is conducted on microplates with different boundary conditions and fluids with different viscosities. The simulation results reveal that the acoustic radiation dominates the damping mechanism of the submerged microplates. It is also proved that microplates offer better sensitivities (Q-factors) than the conventional beam type microcantilevers being mass sensing platforms in a viscous fluid environment. The frequency response features of microplates under highly viscous fluid loading are studied using the present model. The dynamics of the microplates with all edges clamped are less influenced by the highly viscous dissipation of the fluid than the microplates with other types of boundary conditions.

Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analyses of a Regenerative Blower

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Woong Heo ◽  
Tae-Wan Seo ◽  
Chung-Suk Lee ◽  
Kwang-Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Variational Formulation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Unsteady Flow Analysis

This paper presents a parametric study to investigate the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of a side channel regenerative blower. Flow analysis in the side channel blower was carried out by solving three-dimensional steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport turbulence closure. Aeroacoustic analysis was conducted by solving the variational formulation of Lighthill’s analogy on the basis of the aerodynamic sources extracted from the unsteady flow analysis. The height and width of the blade and the angle between inlet and outlet ports were selected as three geometric parameters, and their effects on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performances of the blower have been investigated. The results showed that the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performances were enhanced by decreasing height and width of blade. It was found that angle between inlet and outlet ports significantly influences the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performances of the blower due to the stripper leakage flow.

Analysis of Three-Lobe Bearings Having Non-Newtonian Lubricants by a Finite Element Method

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Singh ◽  
R. Sinhasan ◽  
S.P. Tayal
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Shear Strain Rate ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Viscosity Term ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Iteration Technique ◽  
Element Method

Additives are extensively used in the commercial lubricants to improve their specific qualities. These lubricants are therefore non-Newtonian and their nonlinear relations between shear stress and shear strain rate are generally represented by cubic shear stress laws. The Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation in clindrical coordinates, representing the flow-field in the clearance space of each lobe of the three-lobe hydrodynamic journal bearings having Newtonian fluids, are solved by the finie element method using Galerkin’s technique. The solution for non-Newtonian lubricants is obtained by an iteration technique modifying the viscosity term in each iteration. The static performance characteristics have been obtained for both Newtonian and the non-Newtonian lubricants. The load capacity and friction of the bearing decrease with increase in the nonlinearity of the lubricant whereas the end flow is relatively unaffected.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of the Closure in Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe S. Pereira ◽  
Luís Eça ◽  
Guilherme Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Auxiliary Functions ◽  
Modeling Accuracy

The importance of the turbulence closure to the modeling accuracy of the partially-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (PANS) is investigated in prediction of the flow around a circular cylinder at Reynolds number of 3900. A series of PANS calculations at various degrees of physical resolution is conducted using three Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS)-based closures: the standard, shear-stress transport (SST), and turbulent/nonturbulent (TNT) k–ω models. The latter is proposed in this work. The results illustrate the dependence of PANS on the closure. At coarse physical resolutions, a narrower range of scales is resolved so that the influence of the closure on the simulations accuracy increases significantly. Among all closures, PANS–TNT achieves the lowest comparison errors. The reduced sensitivity of this closure to freestream turbulence quantities and the absence of auxiliary functions from its governing equations are certainly contributing to this result. It is demonstrated that the use of partial turbulence quantities in such auxiliary functions calibrated for total turbulent (RANS) quantities affects their behavior. On the other hand, the successive increase of physical resolution reduces the relevance of the closure, causing the convergence of the three models toward the same solution. This outcome is achieved once the physical resolution and closure guarantee the precise replication of the spatial development of the key coherent structures of the flow.

scholarly journals Modelling and Analysis of Complex Viscous Fluid in Thin Elastic Tubes

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yufang Gao ◽  
Zongguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Boussinesq Equation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Viscous Term ◽  
Thin Tube ◽  
Elastic Tubes

Cardiovascular disease is a major threat to human health. The study on the pathogenesis and prevention of cardiovascular disease has received special attention. In this paper, we have contributed to the derivation of a mathematical model for the nonlinear waves in an artery. From the Navier–Stokes equations and continuity equation, the vorticity equation satisfied by the blood flow is established. And based on the multiscale analysis and perturbation method, a new model of the Boussinesq equation with viscous term is derived to describe the propagation of a viscous fluid through a thin tube. In order to be more consistent with the flow of the fluid, the time-fractional Boussinesq equation with viscous term is deduced by employing the semi-inverse method and the fractional variational principle. Moreover, the approximate analytical solution of the fractional equation is obtained, and the effect of viscosity on the amplitude and width of the wave is studied. Finally, the effects of the fractional order parameters and vessel radius on blood flow volume are discussed and analyzed.

Some numerical experiments on developing laminar flow in circular-sectioned bends

1985 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Humphrey ◽  
H. Iacovides ◽  
B. E. Launder
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Inviscid Flow ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Dean Number ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Predictions

The paper reports numerical solutions to a semi-elliptic truncation of the Navier–Stokes equations for the case of developing laminar flow in circular-sectioned bends over a range of Dean numbers. The ratios of bend radius to pipe radius are 7:1 and 20:1, corresponding with the configurations examined experimentally by Talbot and his co-workers in recent years. The semi-elliptic treatment facilitates a much finer grid than has been possible in earlier studies. Numerical accuracy has been further improved by assuming radial equilibrium over a thin sublayer immediately adjacent to the wall and by re-formulating the boundary conditions at the pipe centre.Streamwise velocity profiles at Dean numbers of 183 and 565 are in excellent agreement with laser-Doppler measurements by Agrawal, Talbot & Gong (1978). Good, albeit less complete, accord is found with the secondary velocities, though the differences that exist may be mainly due to the difficulty of making these measurements. The paper provides new information on the behaviour of the streamwise shear stress around the inner line of symmetry. Upstream of the point of minimum shear stress, our numerical predictions display a progressive shift towards the result of Stewartson, Cebici & Chang (1980) as the Dean number is successively raised. Downstream of the minimum, however, in contrast with the monotonic approach to an asymptotic level reported by Stewartson, the numerical solutions display a damped oscillatory behaviour reminiscent of those from Hawthorne's (1951) inviscid-flow calculations. The amplitude of the oscillation grows as the Dean number is raised.

Laminar Source Flow Between Two Parallel Coaxial Disks Rotating at Different Speeds

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kreith ◽  
H. Viviand
Keyword(s):  
Series Expansion ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Double Series ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Large Radius ◽  
Laminar Regime ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Flow Configurations ◽  
Source Flow

This article presents an analysis of the flow in the gap between two parallel coaxial disks rotating at different velocities, with a source in the center. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved by double series expansion about a known solution at a large radius, and velocity and pressure distributions are calculated for the laminar regime. The interaction between the source flow and the rotational effects is investigated by a method valid for small rotational Taylor numbers of the disks. Several flow configurations are shown to be physically possible, and the magnitude of the parameters delineating the different flow regimes are calculated.

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