scholarly journals Snowfall and Oxygen-Isotope Variations off the North Coast of Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Jeffries ◽  
H. Roy Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSnow-pack along the land-fast ice fringe off the north coast of Ellesmere Island was generally characterized by depth-hoar overlain by dense snow and wind slab. Mean snow depth in the study area was 0.54 m (1982-85) and the mean δ18O value of the snow-pack was -31.3˚/00. Isotope data were not obtained previously for this geographic region and, therefore, complement a previous study of δ18O variations in High Arctic snow (Koerner, 1979). The data are consistent with an Arctic Ocean moisture source. The δ18O profiles show seasonal variations, with winter snow being more depleted in18O than fall and spring snow. However, the δ18O profiles are dominated by a trend to higher δ18O values with increasing depth. This is attributed to a decrease in δ18O values as condensation temperatures fall during the autumn-winter accumulation period. During this time, there is also a change from relatively open to almost complete ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. The change in evaporation conditions and consequent effect on δ values gives rise to a sharp discontinuity in the δ18O profiles and a bi-modal δ18O frequency distribution. The bi-modal distribution is reinforced by a secondary isotope fractionation that occurs during depth-hoar formation. This isotope effect leads to a wider δ18O range but does not significantly alter the mean δ18O value.

scholarly journals Snowfall and Oxygen-Isotope Variations off the North Coast of Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Jeffries ◽  
H. Roy Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSnow-pack along the land-fast ice fringe off the north coast of Ellesmere Island was generally characterized by depth-hoar overlain by dense snow and wind slab. Mean snow depth in the study area was 0.54 m (1982-85) and the mean δ18O value of the snow-pack was -31.3˚/00. Isotope data were not obtained previously for this geographic region and, therefore, complement a previous study of δ18O variations in High Arctic snow (Koerner, 1979). The data are consistent with an Arctic Ocean moisture source. The δ18O profiles show seasonal variations, with winter snow being more depleted in 18O than fall and spring snow. However, the δ18O profiles are dominated by a trend to higher δ18O values with increasing depth. This is attributed to a decrease in δ18O values as condensation temperatures fall during the autumn-winter accumulation period. During this time, there is also a change from relatively open to almost complete ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. The change in evaporation conditions and consequent effect on δ values gives rise to a sharp discontinuity in the δ18O profiles and a bi-modal δ18O frequency distribution. The bi-modal distribution is reinforced by a secondary isotope fractionation that occurs during depth-hoar formation. This isotope effect leads to a wider δ18O range but does not significantly alter the mean δ18O value.

North Greenland ice islands

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (154) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Greenland

AbstractLarge tabular icebergs derived from the glaciers which drain the north fringe of Greenland's Inland Iceoccur in many North Greenland fjords. Many have undulating surface topography resembling that of the ice islands calved from Ellesmere Island ice shelves. Semi-permanent sea ice in North Greenland fjords often prevents the escape of bergs, except in exceptional summers several decades apart, when the fjord ice melts completely and some bergs may reach the Arctic Ocean. Other possible sources for ice islands are small ice shelves and local glaciers along the north coast of Greenland.

NOTES ON NEARCTIC HEPATICAE XVIII NEW LOPHOZIACEAE FROM THE ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO OF CANADA

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf M. Schuster
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Difficult Genus

The difficult genus Lophozia, of widespread distribution in the cooler and cold regions of the northern hemisphere, includes a high number of technical species, some of which are very poorly understood. During the summer of 1955 the writer collected extensively on the north coast of Ellesmere Island and was able to study, in the living condition, the high-arctic representatives of this genus. Four species not previously found in the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, three of which are new to the western hemisphere, were collected. Two of these, L. groenlandica and L. opacifolia, are first reported from the Canadian Archipelago in this paper. Two others, L. pellucida and L. hyperarctica, appear to be new to science. These belong to the subgenera Lophozia and Massula, respectively. Since these species are not alluded to in my "Conspectus" of 1951, and since no treatment of them exists in the American literature, the following detailed treatment is provided.

scholarly journals A new aeromagnetic survey of the North Pole and the Arctic Ocean north of Greenland and Ellesmere Island

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Matzka ◽  
Thorkild M. Rasmussen ◽  
Arne V. Olesen ◽  
Jens Emil Nielsen ◽  
Rene Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aeromagnetic Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The last glaciation of Marvin Peninsula, northern Ellesmere Island, High Arctic, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2578-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Lemmen
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Glaciomarine Sediments ◽  
North And South

The limit of the last glaciation on Marvin Peninsula, northernmost Ellesmere Island, is recorded by extensive ice-marginal landforms and early Holocene glaciomarine sediments. While glaciers occupied most valleys on the peninsula, other areas remained ice free, as did most of the adjacent fiords. Beyond the ice limit, sparse erratics and degraded meltwater channels within weathered bedrock are evidence of older, more extensive glaciation(s). Shorelines and marine shells 50 m above the limit of the Holocene sea along the north coast relate to these older glacial events.Thirty-four new radiocarbon dates provide a chronology of ice buildup and retreat. Glaciers reached their limit after 23 ka, and locally as late as 11 ka. This was achieved by both expansion of existing glaciers and accumulation on plateau and lowland sites, which are presently ice free. Late Wisconsinan climate was characterized by cold and extreme aridity. Five dates ranging from 11 to 31 ka BP on subfossil bryophytes suggest that ice-free areas were biologically productive throughout the last glaciation. Ice retreat and postglacial emergence had begun by 9.5 ka and was associated with a marked climatic amelioration. The deglacial chronology confirms a pronounced disparity in the timing of ice retreat on the north and south sides of the Grant Land Mountains.

The Lepidoptera of Greenland; Some Geographic Considerations

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Downes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
The North ◽  
Almost All

AbstractFrom the revised list of the Lepidoptera of Greenland and from recent work in Ellesmere Island it is shown that almost all the species found in high arctic Canada occur also in Greenland, predominantly in the north, and that this high arctic element constitutes a large fraction of the fauna of Greenland as a whole. It is suggested that this part of the fauna originated entirely from the nearctic by the little-interrupted land route across the arctic islands. The poverty of southerly Lepidoptera in Greenland stands in sharp contrast. It is illustrated by a comparison with the vascular plants and by other comparisons with the Lepidoptera found in the corresponding life zones in North America, and this section of the paper includes the first published list of the Lepidoptera of Baffin Island. It is suggested that this southerly fauna is of adventitious origin, by casual dispersal from overseas (Labrador, Iceland) or perhaps in a few cases by introduction by man. Thus Greenland, in respect of its fauna of southerly type, is an oceanic island of post-glacial age. Similar evidence suggests that Iceland also has been populated mainly in the same way. The conclusions derived from the Lepidoptera apply to several other groups of insects and also to the mammals, including man.

Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Backman ◽  
Kathryn Moran
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Recovered Material

AbstractThe Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ≈1.5 Ma back to ≈56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system.

Fluctuations in lemming populations in north Yukon, Canada, 2007–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Donald Reid ◽  
Alice J. Kenney ◽  
Scott Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽  
Snow Conditions

We estimated population density of brown lemmings ( Lemmus sibiricus (Kerr, 1792)), Greenland collared lemmings ( Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823)), and tundra voles ( Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776)) on Herschel Island from 2007 to 2010 by mark–recapture on three live-trapping areas. Limited data were also available from Komakuk Beach on the north Yukon coast. In contrast to most previous studies, brown and collared lemmings were partly out of phase. Brown lemmings on Herschel reached peak density in 2007–2008 and were low in 2009–2010, while collared lemmings were at peak density in 2007–2008 and again in 2010. Large adult male body size was characteristic of peak populations. Brown lemmings increased dramatically in the peak summer of 2008 and collared lemmings increased rapidly when winter breeding under the snow was successful in 2009–2010. By contrast, at Komakuk Beach, we could see no clear signs of fluctuations in these three species. Winter snow conditions may be too severe for population persistence on the coastal plain along the north coast of the Yukon. Further work is needed to unravel why peak lemming densities are so variable among sites and why lemming fluctuations are so pronounced on the arctic coastal plain of Alaska and virtually absent on the coastal plain of the north Yukon.

Bankarization in the first European cities with an equal number of Muslim and Christian inhabitants

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-580
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Castro ◽  
Miguel Ángel Montero-Alonso ◽  
Akram Abderrahman-Azaar
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Financial Depth ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
European Banks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Near Future

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the situation of the financial system in the Spanish-governed cities of Melilla and Ceuta, Christian and Muslim cities located on the north coast of Africa, and compared it with the mean bankarization level in the rest of Spain in 2000-2015. Design/methodology/approach Although different calculation methods have been proposed, most authors agree that the bankarization level of a country or a territory reflects the development of the society as a whole and has a positive correlation with economic growth. The indicators of financial depth proposed by these researchers are not only the ratio between variables such as loans, deposits, etc., but also the ratios of these variables to the population and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country or territory. Findings The results obtained revealed that there are differences between these two North African Spanish cities. Furthermore, the financing gap between the mean bankarization levels of these cities and those of mainland Spain was found to be even larger than most of the other economic indicators (GDP per capita and the unemployment rate). Practical implications The authors are convinced that the manuscript is a contribution of great interest for serving pilot experience in cities wishing to offer a development of traditional banking and Islamic banking. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of finance systems and commercial banks where two different cultures coexist. Originality/value This is the first research study on the financial framework of European cities whose populations have an approximately equal percentage of Christians and Muslims. The data reflected the existence of savings and loan methods parallel to conventional banking. The conclusion was that in the near future, it would be advisable for European banks to take into account the cultural customs and religious practices of potential Muslim clients.

scholarly journals The Rossby radius in the Arctic Ocean

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. G. Nurser ◽  
S. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean General Circulation Model ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Ocean Eddies ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The first (and second) baroclinic deformation (or Rossby) radii are presented north of ~60° N, focusing on deep basins and shelf seas in the high Arctic Ocean, the Nordic seas, Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, derived from climatological ocean data. In the high Arctic Ocean, the first Rossby radius increases from ~5 km in the Nansen Basin to ~15 km in the central Canadian Basin. In the shelf seas and elsewhere, values are low (1–7 km), reflecting weak density stratification, shallow water, or both. Seasonality strongly impacts the Rossby radius only in shallow seas, where winter homogenization of the water column can reduce it to below 1 km. Greater detail is seen in the output from an ice–ocean general circulation model, of higher resolution than the climatology. To assess the impact of secular variability, 10 years (2003–2012) of hydrographic stations along 150° W in the Beaufort Gyre are also analysed. The first-mode Rossby radius increases over this period by ~20%. Finally, we review the observed scales of Arctic Ocean eddies.

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