Observations on the transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from snail to rodent

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Noda ◽  
Ryuichi Uchikawa ◽  
Seiken Matayoshi ◽  
Yohsuke Watanabe ◽  
Atsuo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

ABSTRACTA survey of Angiostrongylus cantonensis was carried out to investigate the mode of transmission from molluse to rat in a fixed study area of Yoron Island from 1979 to 1982. Rattus rattus was found to be infected with a small number of worms in spite of heavy infection with third-stage larvae in Achatina fulica and an abundance of this snail in the area. Natural infection and/or susceptibility with A. cantonensis were confirmed in three small snail species. Bradybaena circulus, Fruticicola despecta and Luchuena reticulata. Young A. fulica was found to be infected with fewer third-stage larvae than mature A. fulica. It was concluded that molluscs which were infected with a small number of third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis play an important role in maintaining the life cycle of A. cantonensis. The percentage of rat stomachs containing molluse tissue was relatively low, and the incidence and infection was low in rats. Infection with A. cantonensis did not occur very often in R. rattus in nature.

Studies on Anafilaroides rostratus Gerichter, 1949 in Cats: II. The Life Cycle

1959 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seneviratna
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gravid Females

The first stage larva of Anafilaroides rostratus develops, after penetration into the foot of certain molluscs, Laevicaulis alte Fer. Mariella dussumieri Gray, Achatina fulica (Fer.) and Helix aspersa Müller. Two moults occur in the foot of these molluscs in 20–56 days depending on the temperature. After each moult the cuticle is shed. The details of development are described. The infective larvae are found in the foot of these molluscs. Natural infection was found in L. alte.Mice and chickens can act as auxiliary hosts. Probably rats, other rodents and birds can also act in the same capacity.The study of the development of the parasite in the cats is not complete. On ingestion the infective larvae penetrate the stomach wall and reach the lung where the third and the fourth moults occur. Exact times of the occurrence of the moults have not been definitely established. All moults are however completed by the 46th day; from then until the 58th day, immature helminths are found in the lungs. Fully gravid females are found on the 74th day, and larvae are first seen on the 78th day. The worms continue to produce larvae for more than 255 days after maturity. The duration of the life of the adult is probably considerably longer than one year.

scholarly journals Chagas Disease in Dogs

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
María Elizabeth Márquez Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Chagas disease is zoonotic illness or an anthropozoonosis caused by flagellated protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This infection presents alarming rates of incidence/prevalence, for this reason, is recognized worldwide as one of the 13 most neglected tropical diseases 1. Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of domestic dogs infected with T. cruzi across endemic areas ranging from southern United States of America to Argentina 2. The reported prevalence varies widely (1.42-92%), depending on ecoepidemiological and sociocultural factors 3. It is important to emphasize that the natural infection in dogs with T. cruzi occurs in the same way as in humans, that is to say, through active transmission by vectors, contamination by feces infected with the parasite through wounds or the conjunctiva, can also occur by ingestion of infected vectors or tissues of wild animals present in the peridomicile or home 4. The transplacental transmission is also an important mode of transmission in dogs 5. Nevertheless, the main mode of transmission in canine species seems to be the ingestion of infected vectors 6. During the life cycle of T. cruzi the trypomastigotes present in the heces of the triatomines are introduced in the mammalian host by contamination of the insect bite or mucosal membranes. The metacyclic form can penetrate a variety of phagocytic and nonphagocytic nucleated cells. Once inside the cells the parasite becomes in amastigote, which are multiplicative forms that divide into cells. Due to the high parasitic load they produce the lysis of the cells and escapes into the cytoplasm. The amastigotes transform to slender trypomastigotes which can invade adjacent cells, this forms can be ingested by triatomines and they transform into epimastigotes Finally, after migration to the bug's hindgut, the epimastigotes differentiate into infectious metacyclic trypomastigotes, in this way the life cycle of this microorganism is completed.

scholarly journals Angiostrongylus (Parastrongylus) cantonensis en huéspedes intermediarios y definitivos en Ecuador, 2014-2017

Biomédica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
Luis Solórzano-Alava ◽  
Francisco Sánchez-Amador ◽  
Talia Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Con A ◽  
Distribución Geográfica

Introducción. Angiostrongylus cantonensis es un serio problema de salud pública y está ampliamente distribuido en el país. Cuando el parásito infecta a los caracoles terrestres Achatina, se enquista en su interior y puede infectar accidentalmente a las personas y otros mamíferos.Objetivo. Establecer la distribución geográfica de A. cantonensis en huéspedes intermediarios (Achatina fulica) y definitivos (Rattus spp.) en Ecuador entre el 2014 y el 2017.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 2.908 ejemplares de A. fulica en 16 provincias utilizando el método de captura por unidad de esfuerzo durante 30 minutos. Se capturaron 211 ejemplares de las especies huéspedes, de los cuales 20 eran Rattus rattus y 191 R. norvegicus. Los ejemplares fueron transportados para su análisis al Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública e Investigación en Guayaquil.En los tejidos del caracol se identificaron y se contabilizaron larvas L3 que luego se inocularon en ratas de laboratorio para reproducir el ciclo de vida. En los roedores se disecaron los cerebros, los corazones, las arterias pulmonares y los pulmones, y se identificaron los parásitos por morfología taxonómica.Resultados. De los caracoles recolectados se encontraron 441 positivos para A. cantonensis (15,2 %) y un total de 6.166 larvas L3. En los ejemplares Rattus spp. capturados (211), 77 (36,5 %) estaban infectados con A. cantonensis, con un total de 220 parásitos (larvas L4-L5 y adultos).Conclusiones. Se constató la presencia de A. cantonensis en varias provincias, lo que confirma el carácter endémico de esta zoonosis en el territorio nacional. La presencia de Rattus spp., huésped definitivo del parásito, y de huéspedes intermediarios, indica el potencial zoonótico de esta infección parasitaria.

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON MURINE ANGIOSTRONGYLOSIS AND EOSINOPHILIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN MICRONESIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Alicata
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Land Crabs ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

Further studies carried out in Micronesia have indicated the following percentage of infection with the lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, among rats examined: Ponape, 32.9; Rota, 23.8; Saipan, 20.0; and Tinian, 21.7. Rattus rattus appear to be the most common species of rats in Micronesia. Land crabs, coconut crabs, and freshwater prawns were found naturally infected with the third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Human infection in Micronesia is believed to result largely from the ingestion of some of the above-mentioned raw crustaceans.

Prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in commensal rats in Bombay

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Renapurkar ◽  
M. K. Bhopale ◽  
Lalita S. Limaye ◽  
K. D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Bandicota Bengalensis ◽  
Third Stage

ABSTRACTThe prevalence Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a metastrongylid lungworm of rats, was investigated in three common species of rodents in the Greater Bombay area, namely, Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and Bandicota bengalensis. In all, 737 R. norvegicus, 100 R. rattus and 100 B. bengalensis were examined and the presence of A. cantonensis infection was noticed in R. norvegicus (1·62%). About 800 slugs (Laevicaulis alte) were examined and were found to harbour third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus.

scholarly journals Infectivity of gastropod-shed third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis to dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Robbins ◽  
Gary Conboy ◽  
Spencer Greenwood ◽  
Roland Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Crenosoma Vulpis ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Limax Maximus

Abstract Background Metastrongyloid parasites Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infect wild and domestic canids and are important pathogens in dogs. Recent studies indicate that gastropod intermediate hosts infected with various metastrongyloids spontaneously shed infective third-stage larvae (L3) into the environment via feces and mucus under laboratory conditions. Shed L3 retain motility up to 120 days, but whether they retain infectivity was unknown. Methods To assess the infectivity of shed L3, the heart/lungs of six red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were obtained from trappers in Newfoundland, Canada. Lungs were examined for first-stage larvae (L1) by the Baermann technique. A high number of viable A. vasorum L1 and a low number of C. vulpis L1 were recovered from one fox; these were used to infect naïve laboratory-raised Limax maximus. L3 recovered from slugs by artificial digestion were fed to two naïve purpose-bred research beagles (100 L3/dog). L1 shed by these two dogs was used to infect 546 L. maximus (2000–10,000 L1/slug). L3 shedding was induced by anesthetizing slugs in soda water and transferring them into warm (45 °C) tap water for at least 8 h. Shed L3 recovered from slugs were aliquoted on romaine lettuce in six-well tissue culture plates (80–500 L3/well) and stored at 16 °C/75% relative humidity. Four naïve research beagles were then exposed to 100 L3/dog from larvae stored for 0, 2, 4, or 8 weeks, respectively, after shedding. Results All four dogs began shedding C. vulpis L1 by 26–36 days post-infection (PI). All four dogs began shedding A. vasorum L1 by 50 days PI. Conclusions L3 infectivity for the definitive host was retained in both metastrongyloids, indicating the potential for natural infection in dogs through exposure from environmental contamination. As an additional exposure route, eating or licking plant or other material(s) contaminated with metastrongyloid L3 could dramatically increase the number of dogs at risk of infection from these parasites. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematode: Metastrongiloidea): In Vitro Cultivation of Infective Third-Stage Larvae to Fourth-Stage Larvae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e72084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Jyh Lin ◽  
Jie-Wen He ◽  
Li-Yu Chung ◽  
June-Der Lee ◽  
Jiun-Jye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Third Stage
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