scholarly journals Effects of different extracts of three Annona species on egg-hatching processes of Haemonchus contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Castañeda-Ramírez ◽  
J.F.J. Torres-Acosta ◽  
P. Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
J. Tun-Garrido ◽  
J.A. Rosado-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Morula Stage

Abstract This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) activity of methanol and acetone:water leaf extracts from Annona squamosa, A. muricata and A. reticulata against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The egg hatch test was used to determine the effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% of eggs hatching (EC50). The role of polyphenols on AH activity was measured through bioassays with and without polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Methanolic extracts mainly caused the death of eggs at the morula stage (ovicidal activity). Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts caused egg-hatching failure of developed larvae (larvae failing eclosion (LFE) activity). The lowest EC50 values against H. contortus eggs were observed for the methanolic extracts from A. reticulata and A. muricata (274.2 and 382.9 µg/ml, respectively). From the six extracts evaluated, the methanolic extracts of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed the highest ovicidal activity, resulting in 98.9%, 92.8% and 95.1% egg mortality, respectively. When the methanolic extract of A. squamosa was incubated with PVPP, its AH activity increased. Similarly, when acetone:water extracts of A. muriata and A. reticulata were incubated with PVPP, their LFE activity increased. Alkaloids were only evident in methanolic extracts, irrespective of PVPP incubation. The presence of acetogenins was not observed. In conclusion, methanolic extracts obtained from leaves of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed ovicidal activity affecting the morula of H. contortus eggs, with minor LFE activity. Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts showed mostly LFE activity, with a lower proportion of ovicidal activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Aerial Parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Leaves of Schinus molle L. against Haemonchus contortus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit Zenebe ◽  
Teka Feyera ◽  
Solomon Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Schinus Molle ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

Background. Haemonchus contortus, the causative agent of Haemonchosis, is the most economically important parasite in small ruminant production. Control with chemotherapy has not been successful due to rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains. There is a continuous search for alternative leads particularly from plants. The study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts of leaves of Schinus molle and aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis against H. contortus. Methods. Adult motility test and egg hatching inhibition assay were employed to investigate the in vitro adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects of the extracts. Results. Higher concentrations of the extracts (10 and 5 mg/ml) had a significantly superior adulticidal activity (p<0.05) compared to the negative control and lower concentration levels, which was comparable to albendazole. Similarly, the relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy of S. molle and C. quadrangularis extracts indicated a maximum of 96% and 88% egg hatch inhibition, respectively, within the 48 hrs of exposure at 1 mg/ml. Conclusion. The current study evidenced that the crude methanolic extracts of the plants have promising adulticidal and egg hatching inhibitory effects against H. contortus.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum against Haemonchus contortus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyi Hassen Ahmed ◽  
Mebrat Ejo ◽  
Teka Feyera ◽  
Dereje Regassa ◽  
Bahar Mummed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Crude Extracts

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are the major limiting factor for the successfulness of livestock production throughout the world. Emergence of resistance strains as well as scarcity and high cost of the currently available drugs has led to the evaluation of other alternative helminth control options, mainly from plants. The current study is aimed at investigating the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of two traditionally important medicinal plants, Artemisia herba-alba and Punica granatum, against Haemonchus contortus using adult motility assay (AMA) and egg hatch inhibition assay (EHIA). Four graded concentrations of the extracts were tested for both the AMA (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/mg) and EHIA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) in replicates. Albendazole and phosphate-buffered saline (AMA) or distilled water (EHIA) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The crude extracts of A. herba-alba and P. granatum exhibited a potential anthelmintic activity at all dose levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The highest concentration (10 mg/mL) of all the extracts caused a significantly (p<0.05) superior nematocidal activity compared to the negative control. Moreover, significant and concentration-dependent egg hatching inhibition effect was observed from both plant extracts. Maximal (98.67%) egg hatching inhibition effect was exhibited by the flower extract of A. herba-alba at 1 mg/mL concentration. The relative egg hatch inhibition efficacy indicated that both plants caused a significantly (p<0.05) greater egg hatch inhibition within 48 hr of exposure. The current study validated the traditional use of both plants as a natural anthelmintic against H. contortus justifying a need to undertake detail pharmacological and toxicological investigation on both plants.

scholarly journals Chemical analyses and evaluation of the anthelmintic effects of Origanum majorana essential oil, in vitro and in vivo studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 495-505
Author(s):  
A Abidi ◽  
E Sebai ◽  
M Dhibi ◽  
MA Darghouth ◽  
H Akkari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Different Doses

Because of the development of resistance in helminths against major anthelmintic drugs, the search for alternatives is necessary. Medicinal plants are being studied as an alternative source of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study is to analyse the chemical composition and evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Origanum majorana essential oil. The determination of the chemical composition by gas chromatography/mass chromatography (GC/MS) revealed that the essential oil was dominated by terpenoids, particularly carvacrol (35.65%) and terpenic hydrocarbons p-cymene (15.82%). The in vitro anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus were assessed by an egg hatch assay (EHA) and an adult worm motility assay (AWMA) compared with the reference drug albendazole. The essential oil showed ovicidal activity at all the tested concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/ml) and more than 80% egg hatching inhibition was observed at the highest dose (8 mg/ml). Exposure to 0.5 mg/ml of the essential oil for eight hours induced a 50% inhibition in the worm motility. The in vivo study was performed on H. polygyrus by measuring the egg count reduction (ECR) and adult worm count reduction (AWCR) following the treatment of the animals with different doses (2 000, 4 000 and 5 000 mg/kg) of the plant essential oil, and 22 mg/kg of albendazole as the positive control. The results showed that 5 000 mg/kg of the essential oil inhibited the egg count and adult worm count by 76.3 and 74.0%, respectively, seven days post treatment. These findings support the possible use of O. majorana essential oil to control gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals Investigation of In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Tylophora Indica Leaves Against Haemonchus Contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhadde Gurunath S ◽  
◽  
Mali Hanmant S ◽  
Sapate Rohit B ◽  
Vakhariya Rohan R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

In current study of natural antiparasiticin-vitroanthelmintic activity of methanolic extracts of Tylophoraindica leaves against Haemonchus contortusconducted. This study was conducted by preparing the plant extract in methanol by using maceration process. This methanolic extract of Tylophoraindica exhibited greater anthelminthic activity, thismethanolic extract resulted 100% mortality after 6 hours exposure at 50 mg/ml of concentration, the 90% of mortality shows after 6 hours exposure at the concentration of 25 mg/ml and 80% of mortality shows after exposure 6 hours at 12.5 mg/ml concentration. In the presence of albendazole (used as a reference standard drug)100 percent of worm mortality observed within 4 hours. After Post-exposureworm mortality was not found in phosphate buffer solution. Leading to the nature of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids etc., the extract shows greater worm mortality operation.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract from Caesalpinia coriaria J. Willd Fruits against Haemonchus contortus Eggs and Infective Larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. De Jesús-Martínez ◽  
A. Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
J. Olivares-Pérez ◽  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro lethal effect of a methanolic extract (ME) from Caesalpinia coriaria fruits against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The anthelmintic activity was assessed using the egg hatching inhibition assay (EHI) and the mortality test. The ME was assessed using five concentrations as follows: 6.15, 3.12, 1.56, and 0.78 mg/mL to eggs and 150, 100, 75, and 50 mg/mL to larvae, respectively. Ivermectin (5 mg/mL) was used as positive control and 4% methanol and distilled water were used as negative controls. The data of ovicidal and larvicidal effect were analyzed with a completely randomized design through ANOVA analysis using the general linear model (GLM) and lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated through a Probit analysis using the SAS program. A clear ME increased concentration dependence effect was observed in the EHI and mortality tests. The highest activity of the methanolic extract was observed at the highest concentration (P < 0.05) to obtain a similar effect to the positive control (ivermectin), with LC50 = 78.38 and 0.00064 mg/mL and LC90 =235.63 and 0.024 mg/mL, respectively, for larvae and eggs. The results indicate that the C. coriaria fruit ME possesses in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal properties (gallotannins: methyl gallate) against H. contortus that needs to be investigated more in vivo for the control of gastroenteric nematodes in ruminants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelminthic Efficacy of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) Extracts on Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano D’Ambola ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Andrea Ariano ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Ammar Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Ovicidal Effects

The anthelminthic efficacy of the crude extracts of Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br (Acanthaceae) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep was investigated using the in vitro egg hatch inhibition assay. Faecal samples were collected from sheep with naturally occurring infection of GIN (Trichostrongylus spp., Chabertia ovina, Cooperia spp., Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia spp.). Crude leaf extracts of H. forskaolii was obtained using increasing polarity solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, chloroform:methanol 9:1, methanol. Thiabendazole (0.2 µg/mL and 0.5 µg/mL) was used as a positive control and untreated GIN eggs in deionised water served as the negative control. All the extracts exhibited a weak ovicidal activity against GIN (less than 50% of egg hatch). Noteworthy, the n-hexane extract showed a percentage of inhibition of egg hatching greater than other extracts inhibiting the 30.8% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL showing a dose-dependent effect on nematode eggs hatching. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of extracts used and to evaluate the ovicidal effects of other extracts of H. forskaolii.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hajaji ◽  
D. Alimi ◽  
M.A. Jabri ◽  
S. Abuseir ◽  
M. Gharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Matricaria Recutita ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant

AbstractThe chemical treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases has been undermined by increasing resistance and high toxicity. There is an urgent need to search for alternative natural sources for the treatment of such parasites. In this respect, the present study aims to quantify phenolic compounds of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and to study their in vitro anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activities in solvents with increasing polarity. In vitro determination of anti-oxidant capacity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation methods. In vitro anthelmintic activity was investigated on egg-hatching inhibition and loss of motility of adult worms of Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts contain more total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins than chloroformic and hexanic extracts. ABTS and DPPH assays showed that methanolic extracts had the highest anti-oxidant potency (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml and 1.18 μg/ml, respectively). In vitro anthelmintic activity showed that both methanolic (IC50 = 1.559 mg/ml) and aqueous (IC50 = 2.559 mg/ml) extracts had the greatest effect on egg hatching and motility of worms (100% after 8 h post exposure at 8 mg/ml). A significant and positive correlation between DPPH and ABTS tests was observed for all tested extracts. Therefore, total phenolic, total flavonoid and condensed tannin values were correlated with IC50 from both ABTS and DPPH, and with inhibition of egg hatching. To our knowledge, this report is the first of its kind to deal with in vitro anthelmintic activities of chamomile extracts.

Phenolic constituents and inhibitory effects of the leaf of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel on free radicals, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in rat’s brain in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola H. Oyeniran ◽  
Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Rauvolfia Vomitoria

AbstractObjectivesRauvolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa in the management of several human diseases including psychosis. However, there is inadequate scientific information on the potency of the phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf in the management of neurodegeneration. Therefore, this study characterized the phenolic constituents and investigated the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf on free radicals, Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and critical enzymes linked to neurodegeneration in rat’s brain in vitro.MethodsThe polyphenols were evaluated by characterizing phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant properties were assessed through the extracts ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+; inhibit ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of the extracts on AChE and MAO were also evaluated.ResultsThe phenolic characterization of R. vomitoria leaf revealed that there were more flavonoids present. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf had inhibitory effects with the methanolic extract having higher significant (p≤0.05) free radicals scavenging ability coupled with inhibition of monoamine oxidases. However, there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference obtained in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholinesterases.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rich phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf might contribute to the observed antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract; therefore, extraction of R. vomitoria leaf with methanol could offer better health-promoting effects in neurodegenerative condition.

Metalloproteases and egg-hatching in Pediculus humanus, the body (clothes) louse of humans (Phthiraptera: Insecta)

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. BOWLES ◽  
A. R. YOUNG ◽  
S. C. BARKER
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Metalloprotease Inhibitors ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Ph Range

SUMMARYTo investigate the biochemical components of egg-hatch in the body louse, Pediculus humanus, egg-shell-washings (ESW) were collected during the first 2 h post-hatching and analysed by gelatin SDS-PAGE. These ESW contained proteases with molecular mass in the range of 25–100 kDa; the most abundant proteases were ~25 kDa. The 3 main regions of protease activity in the one-dimensional gelatin SDS-PAGE gels resolved to at least 23 distinct regions of protease activity when analysed by two-dimensional gelatin SDS-PAGE, with iso-electric points spread over the entire 3 to 10 pH range. Mechanistic characterization indicated that the ESW contained proteases of the metallo-class, inhibited by both 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA. Several protease inhibitors were tested for their ability to inhibit louse egg-hatch in vitro. The metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline and the aminopeptidase inhibitor bestatin significantly inhibited (P<0·05) louse egg-hatch (100% and 58%, respectively). The presence of metalloproteases at the time of egg-hatch and the inhibition of egg-hatch in P. humanus by metalloprotease inhibitors suggests a crucial role for these proteases in the hatching of this medically important parasite.

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