Molossinema wimsatti infection in the brain of Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P.F. de Souto ◽  
A.M. Oliveira ◽  
É.M. Campos ◽  
V.L.R. Vilela ◽  
C.S.L. de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Brain Ventricular System ◽  
Molossus Molossus ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The present report describes two cases of infection by Molossinema wimsatti in the brain of Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus). The first bat was captured and killed by a domestic cat in a suburban area of the municipality of Patos, Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. The second bat was found crawling on the ground in the same area before dying. No gross lesions were found at necropsy. Histology of the central nervous system revealed filarioid nematodes in the brain ventricles and cerebellum. There were adults, subadults and eggs, the latter sometimes containing microfilariae. No inflammatory response was observed in bat 1, while bat 2 presented a mild lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis. Three nematodes were recovered and submitted for parasitological examination. The diagnosis of M. wimsatti infection was based on the histomorphological and parasitological characteristics of the agent and its location in the brain ventricular system of insectivorous bats. The infection likely occurs in other insectivorous bats from South American and Caribbean countries but may be overlooked.

scholarly journals Mannosidosis in Galloway Calves

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Embury ◽  
I. V. Jerrett
Keyword(s):  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
The Brain

Mannosidosis was diagnosed in four stillborn Galloway calves and an autolyzed full-term fetus from experimental matings of carrier animals. Gross lesions were moderate internal hydrocephalus, and pallor and enlargement of the liver and kidneys and arthrogryposis. Histologic changes in the central nervous system of each calf were marked foamy vacuolation of the cytoplasm of neurones in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem, and vacuolation of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Spheroids were common throughout the brain and there was also consistent severe foamy cytoplasmic vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The activities of α-mannosidase, the lysosomal enzyme whose activity is deficient in mannosidosis, and activities of five other lysosomal enzymes were compared in brain, liver, and kidney tissues of three mannosidosis-affected calves and normal calf tissues. Tissues from the affected calves had a marked deficiency of α-mannosidase activity compared with the normal tissues; the greatest deficiency was in the liver (99%) and brain (98%). Activities of the other lysosomal enzymes were elevated in the affected tissues compared with normal. Mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease that results from a defect in glycoprotein metabolism and affects man,18 Angus and Angus-related breeds of cattle, such as Murray greys,12,21 and the cat.4 The congenital disease is caused by an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase,14 and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Mannosidosis was recently reported in a number of aborted and stillborn Australian Galloway calves3 from an experimental breeding trial. This is more detailed account of the histological and biochemical results obtained during the trial.

scholarly journals Electrical activity of the central nervous system of the frog

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (828) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Homogeneous Cell ◽  
Careful Exploration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Homogeneous Cell Population

Careful exploration has been made of the electrical activity of the brain of various mammals (Adrian and Matthews 1934; Gerard, Marshall and Saul 1936; Gerard 1936 a and b ), but there has been very little study of the brains of other vertebrates (Adrian 1931; Umrath and Umrath 1934). The small size and relatively homogeneous cell population of the Amphibian brain offer certain advantages in analysis of the physicochemical factors determining activity; and further, the low metabolism of the poikilothermic brain at room temperature, together with the short distances for oxygen diffusion, suggested the possibility of studying sustained activity in the isolated organ. The present report covers a general exploration of spontaneous electrical changes in the neuraxis of the grass frog ( Rana pipiens ) and bull frog ( R. catesbiana ).

scholarly journals Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in cattle in Paraíba, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Silveira ◽  
Eduardo M. Nascimento ◽  
Guilherme Konradt ◽  
Eldinê G. Miranda Neto ◽  
David Driemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematogenous Route

ABSTRACT: This paper describes six cases of tuberculosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle in the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil. We reviewed the autopsy reports of 851 bovine necropsies performed from 2003 to 2016. Seventy-three (8.6%) cattle were diagnosed with tuberculosis and six showed lesions in the CNS. Three cases affected cattle up to two-year-old and other three affected adults. Three cattle presented exclusively nervous signs, two had respiratory signs and weight loss and one did not present any clinical signs. At necropsy, five cattle had thickening of the leptomeninges of the cerebellum, pons, obex, spinal cord and cortex, mainly, in the region near the brain basilar Willis´ circle. Another animal, presented a single focal lesion in the cerebellum. Microscopically we observed moderate to severe granulomatous meningitis and encephalitis. Five cattle presented lesions in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes and three of them had disseminated lesions in other organs. In all cattle acid-fast bacilli were observed in the lesions and marked positive for immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibody anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is concluded that bovine tuberculosis of central nervous system occurs sporadically in Paraíba, in cattle of different ages, most of them with disseminate lesions in other organs. The location of the lesions suggests that the agent invaded the brain by hematogenous route through the circle of Willis.

scholarly journals Rabies virus in Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-527
Author(s):  
Luiz Augustinho Menezes da Silva ◽  
José Lindemberg Martins Machado ◽  
Mariluce de Lima Melo ◽  
Verônica Isabel de Brito Alencar ◽  
Robson Soares de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Intracerebral Inoculation ◽  
Molossus Molossus ◽  
The City

Rabies virus was detected in bats (Molossus molossus) from an urban area in the City of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Four individuals were found during the day in visible, non-habitual places, lying on the ground, but still alive. No contact occurred with people or animals. Of these, only two were identified; it was not possible to identify two specimens, since they were incinerated prior to identification. Diagnosis was positive by direct immunofluorescence and intracerebral inoculation in mice. This study presents the first instance in which the virus was detected in insectivorous bats in the State of Pernambuco.

scholarly journals An outbreak of Avian Encephalomyelitis in broilers in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
K. C. KOUTOULIS (Κ.Χ. ΚΟΥΤΟΥΛΗΣ) ◽  
I. HORVATH-PAPP ◽  
D. TONTIS (Δ. ΤΟΝΤΗΣ) ◽  
N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠΑΠΑΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ) ◽  
K. EVANGELOU (Κ. ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Brain

Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV) is an infectious viral disease, member in the family of Picornaviridae, with a preference for the central nervous system and various parenchymatous organs of chickens. AEV is an enteric infection and can be transmitted by oral ingestion, but also vertically from infected broiler breeders to the chick, resulting in clinical signs at hatching. A flock of 18,000 broilers, located in the Southern part of Ipirus, exhibited sudden neurological signs. Clinical examination of 16 days old chicks showed rapid head tremors, ataxia and paralysis, often falling on their sides and lie with their legs at unusual angles. No gross lesions were noted during post mortem examinations conducted at 16, 20 and 26 days of age, apart from gross lesions on the brain. Morbidity of the flock exceeded 25% and total mortality reached 20.9% at the end of flock’s cycle. In order to diagnose the suspected AEV, histological and serological examinations were performed. The results showed typical “flame-shape” proliferation of glia, neuron necrosis and neuronocytophagia in the gray matter and Purkinje cells as well. Also, foci of infiltrating lymphocytes were seen in the brain, the glandular part of pancreas, muscular layer of heart and muscle layer of proventriculus. All observed lesions were characteristic of AEV infection. Serological results in affected flock, conducted by ELISA, showed a consecutive marked increase in serum encephalomyelitis virus antibody titers through time. At 30 days of age onwards, no clinical signs appeared. This clinical case of AEV in broilers was the first case reported in Greece.

Presence of antibody in virus-infected brain cells of SSPE ferrets

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 804-805
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Tammy L. Donato ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. IgG/albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS. Using the ferret as an animal model to study the disease, we have been attempting to localize the Ig's in the brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of SSPE. In an earlier report, preliminary results using Protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) (Dynatech Diagnostics Inc., South Windham, ME.) to detect antibodies revealed the presence of immunoglobulin mainly in antibody-producing plasma cells in inflammatory lesions and not in infected brain cells.In the present experiment we studied the brain of an SSPE ferret with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 in serum and 1:512 in CSF at time of sacrifice 7 months after i.c. inoculation with SSPE measles virus-infected cells. The animal was perfused with saline and portions of the brain and spinal cord were immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (P-L-P) fixative. The ferret was not perfused with fixative because parts of the brain were used for virus isolation.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

Ultrastructural morphology of neurosecretory neurons in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Grazia Tagliafierro ◽  
Cristiana Crosa ◽  
Marco Canepa ◽  
Tiziano Zanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Balanus Amphitrite ◽  
Neurosecretory Neurons ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Dense Core Granules ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Ocellar Nerve

Barnacles are very specialized Crustacea, with strongly reduced head and abdomen. Their nervous system is rather simple: the brain or supra-oesophageal ganglion (SG) is a small bilobed structure and the toracic ganglia are fused into a single ventral mass, the suboesophageal ganglion (VG). Neurosecretion was shown in barnacle nervous system by histochemical methods and numerous putative hormonal substances were extracted and tested. Recently six different types of dense-core granules were visualized in the median ocellar nerve of Balanus hameri and serotonin and FMRF-amide like substances were immunocytochemically detected in the nervous system of Balanus amphitrite. The aim of the present work is to localize and characterize at ultrastructural level, neurosecretory neuron cell bodies in the VG of Balanus amphitrite.Specimens of Balanus amphitrite were collected in the port of Genova. The central nervous system were Karnovsky fixed, osmium postfixed, ethanol dehydrated and Durcupan ACM embedded. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrastructural observations were made on a Philips M 202 and Zeiss 109 T electron microscopy.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document